基于GIS和洛伦兹曲线的辽宁省海岛空间分布特征探析

为合理开发利用和保护辽宁海岛资源,优化海岛产业结构和布局,以辽宁纳入中国海域海岛标准名录的633个海岛为研究对象,在对其地理坐标、陆域面积等基础数据进行数理统计的基础上,通过GIS的空间分析和绘制洛伦兹曲线、计算基尼系数,对辽宁海岛的空间分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明:辽宁海岛属集聚型分布类型,在空间上呈组团与带状分布,按聚集程度来看,形成了黄海北部长山群岛集聚区、辽东半岛南部浅海集聚带与辽东湾西部浅海集聚带三个区域;约60%的海岛处在离大陆岸线直线距离在10 km以内的范围内,近陆程度高;海岛陆域面积分布不均衡,基尼系数达0.9。     

变形体的稳定性及其定量分析方法初探

变形体的稳定性是变形体性质的重要内容，它是工程实际中极为关注的问题，但从变形监测的角度上来分析变形的稳定性目前在国内外还未见任何实质性的报导。本文讨论了从变形监测角度上分析变形体稳定性的一般方法，进行变形稳定性的分类，初步研究了变形体稳定性的定量分析方法，定义了一系列量化指标，如稳定度、因素的影响域与因素的稳定域等。这些有利于把稳定性分析推向应用和深入，从而提高变形监测在变形体定性分析中的地位，增     

Pre- and post-drill comparison of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate prospect, Alaska North Slope

In 2006, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) completed a detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data, along with seismic modeling and correlation with specially processed downhole well log data for identifying potential gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope of Alaska. A methodology was developed for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area. The study revealed a total of 14 gas hydrate prospects in this area.In order to validate the gas hydrate prospecting protocol of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a longer-term production testing program, a stratigraphic test well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in the Milne Point area in early 2007. The drilling confirmed the presence of two prominent gas-hydrate-bearing units in the Mount Elbert prospect, and high quality well logs and core data were acquired. The post-drill results indicate pre-drill predictions of the reservoir thickness and the gas-hydrate saturations based on seismic and existing well data were 90% accurate for the upper unit (hydrate unit D) and 70% accurate for the lower unit (hydrate unit C), confirming the validity of the USGS approach to gas hydrate prospecting. The Mount Elbert prospect is the first gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska identified primarily on the basis of seismic attribute analysis and specially processed downhole log data. Post-drill well log data enabled a better constraint of the elastic model and the development of an improved approach to the gas hydrate prospecting using seismic attributes.     

黄河下游悬河稳定性因素分析

黄河悬河的形成是自然营力与人为因素综合作用的产物.悬河的稳定性关乎黄河下游广大人民的生命财产安全.从地学角度出发,论证了影响黄河悬河稳定性的因素:①地质构造控制机制;②河流地貌的影响;③河床质与土体结构;④流动力地质作用;⑤治理工程对悬河稳定性的影响.     

Maximum-likelihood ambiguity resolution based on Bayesian principle

 Based on the Bayesian principle and the fact that GPS carrier-phase ambiguities are integers, the posterior distribution of the ambiguities and the position parameters is derived. This is then used to derive the maximum posterior likelihood solution of the ambiguities. The accuracy of the integer ambiguity solution and the position parameters is also studied according to the posterior distribution. It is found that the accuracy of the integer solution depends not only on the variance of the corresponding float ambiguity solution but also on its values. Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 November 2000     

An analysis of storm-induced landslides in colluvial soils overlying mudrock sequences, southeastern Ohio, USA

In late-June, 1998, a series of thunderstorms dropped 16.5 cm (6.5 in.) of rain in a 72-h period over southeastern Ohio, causing extensive flooding, six deaths, and 179 million dollars in property damage. The storms also triggered more than 60 shallow landslides along a 64 km (40-mi) stretch of Interstate 77 between Buffalo and Marietta, Ohio. Almost all of the landslides were translational, occurring along the contact between colluvial soils and the underlying bedrock (shales, claystones, mudstones). Six sites were selected in the affected area for a detailed study of the shallow landslides. At each site, a record was made of the stratigraphy, slope geometry, number of landslides, landslide dimensions, hydrologic conditions, and influence of vegetation on landslide distribution. Both colluvial soils and underlying bedrock were sampled for laboratory investigations, which included determination of natural water content, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, permeability, slake durability, and shear-strength parameters. Data from laboratory tests were used to perform sensitivity and stability analyses with respect to varying slope angles, strength parameters, and thicknesses of saturated colluvial soil. The results of the study indicate that the shallow landslides along Interstate 77 occurred when the colluvial soils reached 90% to 100% saturation, depending upon the slope angles.     

武当山隧道进口处滑坡稳定性分析与研究

对武当山隧道进口处Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号滑坡稳定性主要影响因素进行了分析,采用传递系数法对Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号滑坡在天然及饱和状态下的稳定性进行定量计算,利用Flac3d软件对Ⅰ号滑坡在天然及饱和状态时的应力应变进行数值模拟研究.综合分析认为,降雨入渗是加剧武当山隧道进口处滑坡活动触发因素.为保证襄渝铁路运营安全,建议对Ⅰ号滑坡进行削坡处理,对Ⅱ号滑坡在前缘设置抗滑桩进行处理.     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建

基准站受构造运动与非线性因素的影响,如何构建高精度、现势性强的精细区域框架是位置服务与形变分析的的关键.笔者提出顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建方法.以我国西部与东部某城市的多年连续运行基准站数据为例进行试算比对,试验结果表明:该方法是可行的,较好地顾及了基准站的坐标特性与非线性影响,考虑了基准站的垂直运动规律,可构建高精度的区域基准,可发现区域基准的微动态变化.     

国产WSP—2半米平面光栅测定超痕量金方法介绍

本文叙述了国产半米平面光栅光程短、光强好、谱线锐度佳的特点,通过最佳条件选择,改进分析方法,使其测金灵敏度为3×10~(-9)g,取样10g可测定含金量范围为0.3—1000ppb,取得了很好的效果。