冀北小张家口超基性岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

采用离子探针(SHRIMPⅡ)测得小张家口基性-超基性岩体中的锆石主要有220±5Ma和491±7Ma两组年龄,以及一个很老的继承锆石年龄2453Ma。年龄为220±5Ma的一组锆石(A组)具有典型的岩浆型振荡环带,这组年龄应代表该岩体的侵位年龄。A组锆石的~(176)H/~(177)Hf比值从0.282557到0.282690,ε_(Hf)(220Ma)=-2.9～ 1.66。年龄为491±7Ma的一组锆石(B组)具有变质成因的蝴蝶结构(Butterfly structure)和熔蚀边,属于继承锆石。B组锆石的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值从0.282239到0.282483,ε_(Hf)(491Ma)=-8.6～0.06。~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为2453Ma的锆石应该是岩浆侵位时从华北克拉通古元古代基底中捕获的锆石。A组锆石的Hf同位素数据表明,220Ma左右由于华北北缘岩石圈伸展,导致软流圈地幔上涌,亏损的软流圈地幔流/熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用并混合,这种混合地幔源区发生部分熔融而形成小张家口基性-超基性岩体。B组锆石可能是小张家口岩体在岩浆侵位过程中捕获的来源于富集地幔或大陆下地壳的锆石。     

闽西南古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体的形成时代和成因

古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体是由小陶、古田、华家、蛟洋和姑田等单元组成。小陶、古田和华家单元为含黑云母二长花岗岩,蛟洋和姑田单元是含角闪石黑云母石英二长岩。小陶和古田花岗岩以高 SiO_2(>71.77%)、K_2O(>4.67%)和低 CaO(<1.71%)为特征,属于弱过铝-强过铝花岗岩;它们含高的 Rb、Nh、Ta、Th、U 和低的 Sr、Ba 含量;稀土(REE)含量和轻重稀土分异((La/Yb)_N)变化大,分别变化于143×10~(-6)～548×10~(-6),和3.3～26.5,Eu 亏损中等到强。姑田和蛟洋单元都以低SiO_2(62.88%～66.38%)和高 Al_2O_3(15.44%～16.51%)为特征。姑田单元的 REE 总量低而蛟洋单元的 REE 总量高,但两者的 Eu 负异常都不明显。华家单元花岗岩的地球化学特征介于上述两组花岗岩之间。LA-ICPMS 锆石 U-Pb 定年显示小陶花岗岩形成于222±3Ma,而古田花岗岩形成于161±1Ma。小陶、古田和姑田花岗岩具有相似的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 初始比值(0.7089～0.7099)和ε_(Nd)(t)值(-11.1～-11.5),而且古田和小陶花岗岩的锆石 Hf 同位素组成也相似,表明它们起源于相同的源区。地球化学和 Sr-Nd-Hf 同位素指示它们的源区物质是具有1.73～1.5Ga 平均地壳存留年龄的变质沉积岩。而位于杂岩体南部的华家花岗岩显示明显高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 初始比值(0.7310)和更低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-16.4),指示它的母岩浆起源于古元古代壳源物质,暗示杂岩体南北基底组成可能不同。古田花岗岩形成于燕山早期的板内伸展构造背景,而小陶花岗岩形成于印支晚期,地球化学特征以及同时代岩石组合以及构造应力场分析表明其最可能形成于后造山构造背景。     

微生物降解有机物的碳氢同位素分馏研究进展

微生物降解使有机化合物的稳定碳、氢同位素发生不同程度分馏的研究在有机污染物来源和微生物环境修复等领域取得了长足进展,并对原油和天然气微生物降解研究有借鉴意义。微生物作用下的同位素分馏为动力同位素分馏,导致重同位素在残余物中富集。影响微生物降解有机物同位素分馏的主要因素有微生物的降解代谢途径、辅酶作用、降解类型与程度、同位素质量差异和有机物碳数等。不同的微生物代谢途径代表不同的生物化学反应,造成了同位素分馏的显著差异;辅酶对反应的催化作用使微生物作用造成的同位素分馏更加复杂。低碳数正构烷烃遭受微生物降解程度越高,碳、氢同位素的分馏也越大,同位素变重与降解程度之间有明显的相关性。但对于复杂化合物,由于降解的多级反应,同位素分馏与降解程度间的相关性并不明显。在同样降解程度下,氢同位素分馏大于碳同位素分馏,低碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏大于高碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏。     

凡口铅锌矿床海底热泉喷溢成矿的地质地球化学特征

凡口铅锌矿是发育于海相碳酸盐岩建造中的海底热泉喷溢沉积矿床。在研究矿床地质特征和地球化学特征的基础上,总结了发育于同沉积断裂两侧的矿体的形态、产状,矿石组构,成矿元素、微量元素、稀土元素的组成与分布,成矿温度和流体的性质,提出了热泉成矿作用与海相碳酸盐沉积作用同时演化的结论。     

凡口铅锌矿床海底热泉喷溢成矿的物理化学环境

凡口铅锌矿是发育于碳酸盐岩建造中的海底喷溢沉积矿床 ,以“一大二富三集中”的特点和典型的地质地球化学特征吸引着中外矿床地质工作者。叠层状矿体发育于同沉积断裂的旁侧 ,矿层与灰岩呈沉积接触关系。矿石具沉积碎屑组构 ,黄铁矿、闪锌矿具外生特征。稀土元素组成和硫同位素组成反映矿床与同生作用有关。铅同位素组成具有壳源和下地壳来源铅的特征。矿区主要矿层经历海底热泉喷溢沉积—成岩的演化     

中国太古宙

根据最近10多年来中国太古宙岩石同位素地质年代学新数据和中国太古宙岩石三个主要分布地区冀东、辽东和吉林南部、太行山-五台山的时间-地层图及其对比情况,认为尚无足够的证据支持中国太古宙四分,三分方案更适合于中国太古宙的情况：约2．9Ga可以作为晚、中太古代的界线,而3.5Ga作为中、早太古代界线尚不很明晰。     

Silicon Isotope Geochemistry of Micro—Fine Disseminated Gold Deposits in SW Guizhou and NW Guangxi,China

Quartz was studied with respect to its silicon isotopic composition and cathodoluminescence in micro-fine disseminated gold deposits in SW Guizhou and NW Guangxi.The results showed that quartz in wall rocks.ores and that in association with hydrothermal silicification are distinctive in silicon isotopes and cathodoluminescence characters.Quartz in association with primary silicification is non-luminescent while that in wall rocks and associated with secondary silicification exhibits striking luminescence.Based on the dynamic fractionation of silicon isotopes,it is suggested that the mineralization was accompanied by rapid transport of aprimary siliceous fluid along the major deep fault system into subordinate faults before ore components deposited in favorable strata via penetration and metasomatism.Therefore,a deep origin is implicit for gold deposits of this type.     

川西孔玉——会理金矿带同位素特征与金矿分布

金矿带内不同金矿床氢氧和硫同位素组成,清楚地反映出各金矿产出地质背景的差异,显示出金矿与赋矿围岩有成因联系;δ＾１８Ｏ石英和δ＾１８Ｏ水的变化趋势,反映出金矿空间分布规律及其成矿系列演化。     

Carbon isotopic fractionation by desorption of shale gases

Geochemical studies of shale gas and conventional reservoirs within the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Xiasiwan and Yongning Field, Ordos Basin show that methane is isotopically depleted in ¹³C as compared to δ¹³C₁ calculated by the Ro based on the relationship between δ¹³C₁ and Ro. Geochemical fractionation during the adsorption/desorption process of shale system may play a significant part in influencing δ¹³C₁ values of shale gas. Two shale core samples from confined coring of the Yanchang Formation were adopted segmented desorption experiments to examine this phenomenon. The results show that the δ¹³C₁ of desorbed gas changes little in the first few phases of the experiments at low desorption levels, but become less negative rapidly when the fraction of desorbed methane exceeds 85%. The desorption process for the last 15% fraction of the methane from the shale samples shows a wide variation in δ¹³C₁ from −49‰ to −33.9‰. Moreover, δ¹³C₁ of all desorbed methane from the shale samples is substantially depleted in ¹³C than that calculated by Ro, according to Stahl and Carey's δ¹³C₁–Ro equation for natural gas generated from sapropelic organic matter. This shows some gases with isotopically enriched in ¹³C cannot be desorbed under the temperature and pressure conditions of the desorption experiments. This observation may be the real reason for the δ¹³C₁ of shale gases and conventional reservoirs becomes more negative in Xiasiwan and Yongning Fields, Ordos Basin. The magnitude of the deviation between the δ¹³C₁ of shale gas and that calculated by Ro may be related to the adsorption capacity of shale or the proportion of absorbed gases. In this way, we may be able to evaluate the relative adsorption capacity of shale in geological conditions by δ¹³C₁ of the shale gas, or by δ¹³C₁ of conventional gas which generated by the shale with certainty. The δ¹³C₁ of conventional gas in Dingbian and Yingwang Fields have no deviation because the TOC value of the hydrocarbon source rock is relatively low.     

巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定及其地质意义

巴尔喀什成矿带是世界著名的中亚成矿域斑岩型铜钼成矿带,产出许多斑岩型铜钼矿床和一些石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床。中亚成矿域可能是一个多核成矿系统,具有以走滑断裂为边界构成的断裂构造体系并受之控制。本文对巴尔喀什成矿带巴尔喀什—阿克沙套地区11件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素分析,得到博尔雷大型斑岩型铜(钼)矿床和东科翁腊德、扎涅特、阿克沙套石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床的辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)分别为315.9Ma、298.0Ma、295.0Ma和289.3Ma;其中,东科温腊德、阿克沙套和扎涅特等3个矿床的Re-Os等时线年龄为297.9-+30..949Ma,MSWD值为0.97。辉钼矿Re-Os年龄说明巴尔喀什成矿带Cu-Mo-W成矿作用发生在315.9～289.3Ma期间,Cu-Mo-W矿床的形成可分为两期:一期为斑岩型铜钼矿床,约形成于315.9Ma;另一期为石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床,约形成于297.9Ma。根据辉钼矿模式年龄和等时线年龄,推测该地区花岗斑岩和伟晶岩的形成时代与相应的矿床基本同时,均为晚石炭世,属海西期构造岩浆活动的产物。通过与我国境内西、东准噶尔和东天山斑岩铜矿带的对比表明,巴尔喀什成矿带铜钼成矿作用的年龄介于东天山土屋—延东斑岩铜矿与西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿之间。分析表明,中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用集中在晚石炭世,属海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。