沉积盆地深部流体的地球化学特征及油气成藏效应初探

以济阳坳陷东营凹陷和塔里木盆地塔中地区为例，在前人深部流体研究的基础上，应用同位素地球化学、有机地球化学及热力学定量模型，对沉积盆地深部流体的活动特征及其油气成藏效应进行了初步的探讨。研究表明，在东营凹陷不仅存在着幔源富二氧化碳流体（H2O＋CO2）的活动，而且还存在着幔源富氢流体（H2O＋CH4＋H2）的活动。塔里木盆地塔中地区也发现了幔源富二氧化碳的活动。深部流体上升过程中热能传递的定量研究表明，幔源流体是良好的热能载体。东营凹陷和塔中地区的有机质异常热变现象证实了深部流体的热效应。有机质热演化生烃不仅需要热，而且是个缺氢的过程，富氢流体注入沉积盆地势必对油气的生成产生影响。加氢热模拟实验结果表明，加氢可大幅度提高烃源岩的产烃率；对腐泥型干酪根而言，加氢生烃效应最显著的阶段是在生烃高峰之后，产率可增加147％以上；腐植型干酪根的加氢生烃效应在各个阶段都较显著。在东营凹陷和塔中地区分别发现了深部流体促进烃源岩生烃的现象。因此，深部流体在能量上和物质上对油气的生成均可构成重要的影响。     

三类高强度悬式瓷绝缘子的成分和物相分析

为探讨高原牌70kN和进口120，210kN瓷绝缘子的成分和结构性能，中采用原子吸收光谱（AAS）和X射线衍射（XRD）方法，对三类产品进行了检测。结果表明，有效成分除K2O外，70kN和210kN的SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3含量接近，主晶相基本相同，有刚玉，莫来石、石英和长石等；结晶相总量：70kN35%，120kN40%,210kN48%，这表明机械强度愈大，结晶相含量愈高，只需调整70kN原样的部分成分，粒度和工艺，即生产出高等级（如210kN)瓷绝缘子。     

柴北缘绿梁山地区辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及意义

柴达木盆地北缘绿梁山地区的辉长岩侵入到古生代滩间山群及超基性岩中 ,地球化学、微量元素、稀土元素显示出源幔特征。选自其中的锆石明显具岩浆型锆石特点 ,4个单颗粒锆石U -Pb同位素年龄均为谐和年龄 ,2 0 6 Pb 2 38U表面年龄统计权重平均值为 (496 .3± 6 .2 )Ma ,代表了该岩体的结晶年龄 ,从而间接地否定了本区滩间山群的时代为晚奥陶世 -志留纪的认识。辉长岩与滩间山群是柴北缘活动大陆边缘火山岛弧的组成部分。此类岩体同位素地质年龄的确定对柴北缘榴辉岩、滩间山群时代及大地构造性质的重新认识具有重要意义     

造山带岩石圈化学结构平面图的编制——以秦岭—大别造山带为例

国内外岩石圈化学组成的编图研究还处于探索阶段。笔者从岩石圈化学结构的思路出发 ,提出了编图的 3个地球化学指标 (铅同位素组成、T2DM 和同位素年代学 )和表示方法。以秦岭—大别造山带为例 ,同位素组成图可以反映构造分区和地壳生长历史 ,对造山过程和深部壳幔相互作用也有明确的显示 ;结合地质年代学的资料 ,化学结构平面图具有反映时空演化四维信息的能力。     

Gold Mineralization and Occurrence of Sinter in the Hoshino Area, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

Abstract. Several epithermal gold deposits occur in the Hoshino area, which is located in the western end of the late Cenozoic Hohi volcanic zone, north‐central Kyushu, Japan. The area is characterized by intermediate to felsic extrusive rocks of Pliocene age. In the Hoshino area, the shallow manifestation of the hydrothermal activity is exposed on the surface. Several outcrops of sinter are still preserved on the top of hydro thermally altered volcanic rocks, and high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins occur on the surface at lower levels. The hydrothermal alteration resulted into well‐developed alteration zones. The zonal alteration pattern, primarily of near‐neutral pH type, is characterized by the outer smectite zone of a lower temperature, and the inner mixed layer minerals zone of a higher temperature. Quartz vein‐related or fracture‐controlled alteration, is represented by the occurrence of interstratified illite/smectite and K‐feldspar, suggesting a potassium‐enriched alteration. The mineralization in the Hoshino area is recognized on the surface by the occurrence of gold‐bearing quartz veins distributed mainly in the mixed layer minerals zone. The fracture system related to the gold mineralization is mainly characterized by NW‐SE trend. The alteration pattern and the mineralogical composition of the veins suggest that the mineralizing fluids had near‐neutral pH and the mineralization is of low‐sulfidation‐type. Fluid inclusion data and textures observed in quartz veins indicate that gold precipitated during boiling. The chemical composition of quartz veins shows that high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins are characterized by higher content of Al₂O₃, K₂O and Rb. Several outcrops of silica‐sinters are distributed on the top of the mixed layer minerals zone. Although their structures are not very well preserved, because of later silicification, the Hoshino sinters still show characteristic textures identical to those observed in modern sinters, such as the presence of plant fossil incorporated into the sinters, the strongly developed depositional laminations and the columnar structures perpendicular to the depositional surfaces. Quartz is the only silica mineral constituting the Hoshino sinters presently. The conversion of amorphous silica into quartz was probably governed by higher temperatures resulting from later hydrothermal activity. This later hydrothermal activity is reflected by the intense silicification affecting mainly the lower parts of the sinters and also by the presence of quartz veins cutting the sinters. The distribution of sinters in the Hoshino area is very significant. The presence beneath the sinters of concealed high‐grade gold‐bearing quartz veins should be highly considered and exploration work is strongly suggested.     

Determining gaseous composition of fluid inclusions with quadrupole mass spectrometer

Quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) is an instrument for effectively determining gaseous composition of fluid inclusion. The gaseous component is extracted from inclusions with thermal decrepitation method and then determined with the sensitive QMS instrument. The method is characterized by high sensitivity and high accuracy with the relative standard deviation (RSD,n=6) of less than 3%. It has been successfully used for analyzing fluid inclusions. The analytical results meet the requirement of geological study.     

长江巨洪前期物理因子的配置

提出了长江巨洪前期物理因子配置的概念，在每一次巨洪发生之前，影响巨洪的主要物理因子之间一般都会表现出相似的特征，即出现一些固有的配置，这些配置正是长江发生巨洪的强信号，对长江巨洪的预测研究具有重要的指示作用。     

A high-resolution diatom reconstruction between 21,000 and 17,4000 14C yr BP from the southern Bolivian Altiplano (18–23°S)

A diatom study of lacustrine sediments in the southern part of the Bolivian Altiplano (Salar of Coipasa) provides a continuous record of the period 21,000–17,500 ¹⁴C yr BP. Constrained by seven AMS ¹⁴C dates, this record provides evidence that the Coipasa basin was filled by a shallow body of water during this time. Diatom/salinity and diatom/ionic composition transfer functions indicate that the lake was saline, dominated by sodium-chloride throughout all the period.A comparison with regional data shows that Lake Titicaca could not have overflowed towards the southern Bolivian Altiplano at that time. As this dry phase was not registered in Lake Coipasa, this lake was probably supplied by winter precipitation originating from the Pacific. But, recent data from the deep basin of Lake Titicaca show that the lake-level was higher during this time interval, and the question arises whether precipitation from Atlantic and Amazonia sources could have played an important role on the Altiplano during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This hypothesis needs to match other available paleoclimatic data from the lowlands of tropical South America, where there is evidence that during the LGM, conditions were drier than today. Global climate simulations suggest a positive P-E on the Altiplano, due to a strong cooling, reducing evaporative demand more than any increase in precipitations. An increase of winter precipitation from the Pacific is in agreement with data from the Chilean coast showing a northward locations of the Westerlies during the LGM. This paleoclimatic hypothesis is also in agreement with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, which indicates weaker summer precipitation and stronger winter precipitation in the tropical areas.     

软弱结构面粒度成分与抗剪强度参数的关系探讨

软弱结构面一直是水电工程建设中的一个重要工程地质问题, 选取合理的力学参数对大坝建基面的选取及未来坝基抗滑稳定性具有重大意义。本文在大量试验资料基础上, 研究了沉积岩地区某重力坝电站坝址区软弱夹层粒度成分和抗剪强度参数之间的相关关系, 建立了不同稠度状态下的相关方程。并结合《混凝土重力坝设计规范》中提出的用粒度成分定量指标选取软弱结构面抗剪强度参数, 对软弱结构面抗剪强度参数取值问题进行了探讨。