http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000029

The Preandean geological configuration of the eastern North Patagonian Massif is established through the use of geological and geophysical analysis.The positive gravity anomalies located near the Atlantic coast are due to 535 and 540 Ma old rocks belonging to the Pampean Orogeny （Precambrian-middle Cambrian）,which are widely recognized in central and northern Argentina.The Famatinian Cycle （Ordovician-Devonian） is represented by a Silurian-Devonian marine basin equivalent to those of eastern-central Argentina and South Africa,and which was deformed at the end of the Devonian byan～E-W to WNW-ESE compressional event,part of the Famatinian Orogeny.Containing strong gravity gradients,the NW-SE belt is coincident with fault zones which were originated during the Gondwanide Orogeny.This event also produced NW-SE overthrusting of the Silurian-Devonian sequences and strike-slip faults that displaced blocks in the same direction.This deformation event belongs to the Gondwanide Orogeny that includes movements related to a counterclockwise rotation of blocks in northern Patagonia.The strong negative anomalies located in the western part of the area stem from the presence of rocks of the Jurassic Ca（n）adón Asfalto basin interbedded in the Marifil Complex.These volcaniclastic sequences show mild deformation of accommodation zones in a pre-Jurassic paleorelief.     

重游三清山

正自2002年联合国教科文组织开始在我国评选世界地质公园开始,我就跟踪拍摄中国的世界地质公园,到现在已经十个年头。三清山便是我2012年拍摄世界地质公园的最后一站。2012年9月21日凌晨2点,从葡萄牙阿洛卡传来消息:在此召开的第十一届世界地质公园大会上,作为我国2012年度唯一的申报单位,三清山被联合国教科文组织正式列入世界地     

再论燕辽地区西晚期造山运动

本文在前文基础上，着重历史大地构造方面，探讨华北地台区晚古生代大地构造性质，进一步下燕辽地区晚二叠世末发生过区域性造山运动及其原因，同时，对一步影响较大，相当流行的一些认识做了简要分析，提出了不同看法。     

Crust-Mantle Interaction in Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China： Geochemical Evidence from Late Cretaceous Basalts

It has been suggested that eclogites in the Dabie orogenic belt are exhumation prod-ucts, which had subducted into the deep-seated mantle and undergone ultra-high pressure meta-morphism during the Triassic. But no direct evidence supports this process except the calculated p-T conditions from mineral thermobarometem. The Late Cretaceous basalts studied in the pres-ent paper, however, have provided some geochemical evidence for crust-mantle interaction in the area. These basalts are distributed in Mesozoic faulted basins in central and southern Dabieorogenic belt. Since little obvious contamination from continental crust and differentiation-crys-tallization were observed, it is suggested, based on a study of trace elements, that the basaltsare alkaline and resultant from batch partial melting of the regional mantle rocks, and share thesame or similar geochemical features with respect to their magma source. In the spider diagram normalized by the primitive mantle, trace element geochemistry data show that their mantle sources are enriched in certain elements concentrated in the continental crust, such as Pb, K,Rb and Ba, and slightly depleted in some HFSE such as Hf, P and Nb. Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic com-positions further suggest the mantle is the mixture of depleted mantle (DM) and enriched one(EMI EMII). This interaction can .explain the trace element characteristics of basaltic mag-mas, i.e.,the enrichment of Pb and the depletion of Hf, P and Nb in basalts can be interpre-ted by the blending of the eclogites in DOB (enriched in Pb and depleted in Hf, P and Nd)with the East China depleted mantle (As compared to the primitive mantle, it is neither en-riched in Pb nor depleted in Hf, P and Nb). It is also indicated that the eclogites in the Dahieorogenic belt were surely derived from the exhumation materials, which had delaminated into thedeep-seated mantle. Moreover, the process subsequently resulted in compositional variation of the mantle (especially in trace elements and isotopes) , as revealed by the late mantle-derivedbasalts in the Dabie orogenic belt.     

青藏高原隆升的主因—大陆板块内的盆-山碰撞作用

在地壳运动中,盆地和山脉的形成机制是不可分割而有联系的。上地幔的波动起伏引起地壳上部物质的分配,在重力均衡作用的支配下,地壳物质由上地幔的隆升区域向拗陷区域蠕动,因而形成大陆板块内的盆地和山脉的分异和盆-山运动。高耸的喜马拉雅山和青藏高原就是塔里木盆地、卡拉库姆盆地和印-恒盆地等巨大盆地的扩张作用挤压而造成的。盆-山运动是真正的造山运动。     

新疆后造山碱性花岗岩的地质特征

新疆地区碱性花岗岩分布很广泛,可以划分出十条岩带,它们主要分布在古生代岛弧、弧后盆地及隆起区,与板块缝合线、深断裂密切相关,并与蛇绿岩和陆相火山岩相伴生。同位素年代测定表明,本区碱性花岗岩的形成是紧随造山运动之后发生的,属于后造山花岗岩。因此,它们形成时的构造环境、岩石化学成分、矿物组成及微量元素特征等均与非造山花岗岩(A 型花岗岩)有一定的区别。在一个地区有这么多后造山碱性花岗岩分布,国内外并不多见,这是新疆地质的一个特色。     

新疆地壳结构和演化中的若干问题

以新疆独山子-泉水沟地学断面的资料为主,讨论了泉水沟-阿勒泰剖面的地壳结构主要特征。它们不仅在地表形成了三山两盆的盆山结构面貌,而且在深部的地壳结构上也有明显的不同。进而我们认识到以天山和祁连山为代表的中国西北的主要山系在地质历史上虽然属于不同时期的造山带,但真正形成现代的盆山结构是新生代以来壳幔相互作用的结果。特别是天山地区,新生代以来的造山活动和古生代时期有明显的不同,也和高原南侧喜马拉雅山的新生代造山作用不同,我们称之为“天山型造山运动和天山型造山带”。     

南沙海槽构造?地层格架及其动力学意义

为了明确南沙海槽的构造?地层格架和成因机制,以区域二维地震剖面的解释为基础,进行断层活动性和沉降史的定量计算,在南沙海槽盆地中确定出Tg、T60、T50和T0四个一级层序界面,以这4个一级层序界面为界,将南沙海槽盆地划分出3个盆地原型:古新世?渐新世（Tg?T60）断陷盆地、早中新世（T60?T50）拗陷盆地和中中新世（T50?T0）前陆盆地;新生代以来,南沙海槽盆地的沉降中心由NW向SE逐渐迁移. 区域资料对比分析表明南沙海槽前陆盆地是由多期前陆盆地叠置而成,以沙捞越造山不整合、区域深部不整合和区域浅部不整合这3个不整合面为界,划分出渐新世?早中新世、中中新世?上新世早期和上新世晚期?现今3期前陆盆地;南沙海槽属于第三期前陆盆地的组成单元,目前仍处于发育演化过程中.      

白云鄂博超大型稀土—铌—铁矿床的 成矿时代及成因探析 ———兼论Ｐ—Ｔ 之交生物群灭绝事件和“阿蒙兴造山运动”

白云鄂博矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床,同时也是一个特大型铌矿和大型铁矿,其成矿时代及成因至今仍有多种不同认识。本研究从东部接触带(菠萝头山)3号铌矿体内的金云母岩中获得残留锆石和热液独居石,测得其U-Pb年龄分别为269.5±3.1 Ma和249±13 Ma;从巴音敖包伟晶岩中获得热液锆石,测得其U-Pb年龄为248.9±2.5 Ma。结合阿尔泰—天山—北山—内蒙古—大兴安岭—小兴安岭造山带中的成矿年龄资料,笔者推测,在248%251 Ma白云鄂博地区发生了一次强烈的热液活动,该热液活动的时间可以代表白云鄂博矿床的成矿年龄。基于绝大多数稀有金属热液矿床都是与花岗质岩浆活动关联的,本研究对白云鄂博地区出露的两类花岗岩进行了岩相学、矿物学、地球化学和锆石学分析,从而确定白云鄂博花岗岩基中的黑云母二长花岗岩(主体相)为同碰撞花岗岩,其定位年龄为269.8±2.0 Ma;而白云鄂博花岗岩基中的二云母碱长花岗岩(补体相)为碰撞后花岗岩,其定位年龄为250.5±6.0 Ma。根据二云母碱长花岗岩的成岩年龄等于白云鄂博矿床的成矿年龄,以及大量的野外地质现象和区域地质资料,笔者认为:(1)该二云母碱长花岗岩为白云鄂博矿床的成矿母岩,它的岩浆直接来自地壳深部岩浆房;(2)该岩浆房就是同碰撞花岗岩浆的岩浆房,这意味着留存在该岩浆房中的巨量花岗岩浆经历了近20 Ma的分离结晶作用,从而在岩浆房上部聚集了富含成矿物质的残余花岗岩浆;(3)当构造环境由挤压转为拉张时,该残余花岗岩浆沿着张性断裂被动侵位。由于快速上升引起压力和温度的骤降,富含稀有金属(稀土和铌)、卤素(氟)和碱金属的硅质热液从残余花岗岩浆中分离出来;(4)这种硅质热液沿断裂构造率先进入白云鄂博群H_8白云岩岩层,与碳酸盐发生交代反应,其稀土和铌金属元素沉淀成矿;同时,H_8白云岩岩层中的菱铁矿和铁白云石分解,释放出Fe~(2+)和[CO_3](2-),前者(Fe~(2+))经近距离迁移后沉淀成铁矿,后者([CO_3]~(2-))与少量稀土—铌元素结合成金属—碳酸络合物,呈脉状穿插在H_8白云岩中,或迁移至H_8白云岩的外围。该认识首次将白云鄂博地区的构造、成岩和成矿有机地统一起来,从而阐释了一个致白云鄂博矿床形成的能量和物质的运移过程;同时,该认识可以整合多种流行的白云鄂博矿床成因认识("正常或热水沉积说"、"火成碳酸岩说"、"热液交代说"等等)中的合理因素;笔者认为,它是一个全面、系统而又新颖的白云鄂博矿床的成矿模式。