价格支持政策改革背景下中国玉米市场空间关联

玉米市场空间关联是反映玉米市场运行效率的关键指标,价格支持政策的实施及改革对玉米市场空间关联产生重要影响。本文基于中国省际玉米市场价格数据,分析了价格支持政策改革背景下玉米市场空间关联及其时变情况,并运用社会网络分析法刻画了玉米市场空间关联网络特征,最后,通过QAP分析考察了影响玉米市场空间关联的主要因素。研究发现：① 中国玉米市场总体空间关联程度较高,且近年来整体呈上升趋势,玉米临时收储政策的实施并未改变其上升趋势,但导致政策实施省份玉米市场与其他地区玉米市场间关联程度下降。② 玉米市场空间关联呈现多线程、复杂的网络结构形态,网络结构较为紧密、整体关联性强且较为稳定;中东部地区玉米消费量较大的省份在玉米市场空间关联网络中处于中心位置,在网络中扮演着中心行动者角色,而实施玉米支持政策的区域以及西部地区在玉米市场空间关联网络中影响力较小,处于边缘和弱势地位,扮演着边缘行动者角色。③ 地理位置邻接、市场距离、销区市场势力、信息传递效应以及实施临时收储政策是决定和影响玉米市场空间关联的主要因素,其中,销区市场势力及信息传递效应对玉米市场空间关联的影响不断上升。     

京珠高速公路粤境北段路堑高边坡失稳防治研究

京珠高速公路粤境北段地形条件十分复杂，被世界银行专家称为“中国最具挑战性的公路项目”。文章介绍了针对此项目开展的路堑高边坡失稳防治研究情况，着重介绍了该项研究的技术路线，以及为预防路堑高边坡失稳开展的系列研究。即：①路堑高边坡工程地质条件；②按常规所做原设计的堑坡稳定性；③路堑高边坡设计方案；④路堑高边坡施工工艺；⑤动态监测；⑥动态设计。研究与设计施工密切配合，及时将研究成果应用到工程实践中，取得很好的效果。     

滑坡灾害防治工程中施工组织设计对工程投资概算影响的研究

本文通过对具体地质灾害防治工程初步设计阶段的施工组织设计与工程投资概算之间关系分析, 指出施工组织对工程投资概算的影响不小于工程设计和地质勘查资料的影响, 施工组织设计对概算可靠度的提高有很重要的意义。     

A stabilized assumed deformation gradient finite element formulation for strongly coupled poromechanical simulations at finite strain

An adaptively stabilized finite element scheme is proposed for a strongly coupled hydro‐mechanical problem in fluid‐infiltrating porous solids at finite strain. We first present the derivation of the poromechanics model via mixture theory in large deformation. By exploiting assumed deformation gradient techniques, we develop a numerical procedure capable of simultaneously curing the multiple‐locking phenomena related to shear failure, incompressibility imposed by pore fluid, and/or incompressible solid skeleton and produce solutions that satisfy the inf‐sup condition. The template‐based generic programming and automatic differentiation (AD) techniques used to implement the stabilized model are also highlighted. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the versatility and efficiency of this model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical characterization of dispersion coefficients by meshless‐based inverse analysis

This study presents the preliminary development of a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis. Two goals are desired to be attained: (a) identifying fewer quantities in an indirect inverse analysis and (b) getting the interpolation results of spatial variation of a quantity insensitive to the replacement of one or few interpolation points with other points. This idea is illustrated by modifying a meshless local Petrov‐Galerkin (MLPG) formulation of a two‐dimensional (2D) contaminant transport problem under the concept of boundary control. Thus, dispersion coefficients to be identified are solved from measured or prescribed pollutant concentrations. A field problem is introduced to test the performance of resulting meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis procedure. This test finds a major motive and a minor one for performing a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis. The major motive is attaining the aforementioned Goal (b), while the above‐mentioned Goal (a) is the minor motive. In conclusion, the development of a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis procedure can be a valuable application of the MLPG method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A numerical procedure for predicting rainfall‐induced movements of active landslides along pre‐existing slip surfaces

A numerical model to predict landslide movements along pre‐existing slip surfaces from rainfall data is presented. The model comprises: a transient seepage finite‐element analysis to compute the variations of pore water pressures due to rainfall; a limit equilibrium stability analysis to compute the factors of safety along the slip surface associated with transient pore pressure conditions; an empirical relationship between the factor of safety and the rate of displacement of the slide along the slip surface; an optimization algorithm for the calibration of analyses and relationships based on available monitoring data. The model is validated with reference to a well‐monitored active slide in central Italy, characterized by very slow movements occurring within a narrow band of weathered bedrock overlaid by a clayey silt colluvial cover. The model is conveniently divided and presented in two parts: a groundwater model and a kinematic model. In the first part, monthly recorded rainfall data are used as time‐dependent flow boundary conditions of the transient seepage analysis, while piezometric levels are used to calibrate the analysis by minimizing the errors between monitoring data and computed pore pressures. In the second part, measured inclinometric movements are used to calibrate the empirical relationship between the rate of displacement along the slip surface and the factor of safety, whose variation with time is computed by a time‐dependent stability analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CINRAD/SB伺服系统线路设计特点和维修方法

总结了CINRAD/SB型新一代天气雷达交流变频调速数字伺服系统线路技术特点和与CINRAD/SA线路设计上的差别。根据数字伺服系统信号流程、电源控制保护原理,从状态监测信息、FC文件信息、报警信息、关键点参数测量和关键信号的传输路径入手,详细介绍了数字伺服系统故障诊断方法和技巧,并列举了两个不同类型的典型故障个例的理论分析和处理步骤。提出了伺服系统维修方面的一些建议,为新一代大气雷达技术支持和保障提供借鉴。     

Casiofx-4800p计算器路线测量计算程序

为了满足现场完成计算的需要,采用线路测量中桩、边桩放线的Casiofx-4800p计算器程序,运用该程序可以根据测量需要进行直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线中桩坐标和构筑物任意位置坐标计算,方便快捷,值得推广。     

强垂直温度梯度条件下强对流天气分析与潜势预报

采用19年3~9月常规探空观测资料,对南昌ΔT850-500≥27℃这种强垂直温度梯度与江西强对流天气过程的关系进行了相关分析,并将区域强对流天气、局部强对流天气、无强对流天气的3类情况下的中低层气压、温度、湿度、风场及稳定度进行分类合成分析,结果表明:当南昌ΔT850-500≥27℃时,且有天气系统作为触发条件时,江西强对流天气发生的概率达85%;中低层低槽和切变等影响系统、江南华南暖湿气流、河套地区的冷空气都有利于江西强对流天气出现。对典型个例的探空曲线和对流有效位能分析表明:强垂直温度梯度结合中低层高湿度是强对流天气发生的重要条件。在强对流天气潜势预报中,强垂直温度梯度有时比对流有效位能更有指示性。根据上述分析结果,建立了相应的预报流程,并在业务试用中取得较好的效果。     

Extensions of nonlinear error propagation analysis for explicit pseudodynamic testing

Two important extensions of a technique to perform a nonlinear error propagation analysis for an explicit pseudodynamic algorithm (Chang, 2003) are presented. One extends the stability study from a given time step to a complete step-by-step integration procedure. It is analytically proven that ensuring stability conditions in each time step leads to a stable computation of the entire step-by-step integration procedure. The other extension shows that the nonlinear error propagation results, which are derived for a nonlinear single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, can be applied to a nonlinear multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) system. This application is dependent upon the determination of the natural frequencies of the system in each time step, since all the numerical properties and error propagation properties in the time step are closely related to these frequencies. The results are derived from the step degree of nonlinearity. An instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is introduced to replace the step degree of nonlinearity and is shown to be easier to use in practice. The extensions can be also applied to the results derived from a SDOF system based on the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity, and hence a time step might be appropriately chosen to perform a pseudodynamic test prior to testing.