矿山采空区调查中的地质工作流程和方法

为全面保障矿山采空区地质调查工作最终成果的真实性、可靠性,通过对矿山采空区进行初步定义和分类,针对矿山采空区调查工作的相关内容要求,选择适当的地质工作流程手段和方法,提出了新的认识,并整理出了开展工作的7个步骤,对矿山采空区进行全面的调查工作.     

基于局部单元劈裂的FEM/DEM自适应分析方法

为了模拟岩体中裂纹的萌生、扩展,Munjiza提出了有限元法/离散元法(FEM/DEM)耦合分析方法。因为裂纹是沿单元边界进行扩展的,亦即裂纹扩展具有网格依赖性,为获得较好的裂纹扩展形态,需要划分密集的初始网格。为解决上述难题,基于FEM/DEM耦合分析方法,提出了基于局部单元动态劈裂的FEM/DEM自适应分析方法,以克服裂纹扩展形态对网格的依赖性。该方法在最初建模时无需划分很密的初始网格,随着荷载的施加,对裂纹尖端附近的局部单元进行动态劈裂,为裂纹的后续扩展提供了更多可能的扩展方向,使得裂纹扩展不必沿着初始网格的单元边界扩展,即可以沿着单元内部进行扩展,裂纹扩展形态更为平滑,与实际情况更为接近。同时相对原FEM/DEM耦合分析方法一开始就划分很密的网格而言,新方法可以划分较为稀疏的初始网格,计算成本降低。最后,通过巴西劈裂算例与原FEM/DEM耦合分析方法对比,分析表明,新方法在一定程度上克服了裂纹扩展形态对初始网格的依赖性。     

数字化城市管理一体化数据建设研究——以郑州市为例

依据数字化城市管理对数据建设的要求,以及郑州市基础地理数据及城市管理数据现状情况,结合郑州市国土、规划等部门对基础地理空间数据的需求,本文提出了数字化城市管理数据建设一体化作业流程,将1∶500航测地形图、1∶1 000正射影像制作、城市部件测量、地理编码调查、以及数据综合建库等内容,按照其关联性进行流程设计和一体化实施。它充分利用了数字化航测成图、城市部件采集与建库、地理编码采集与建库在作业工序上的交互性,为较短时间内完成大范围城市基础地理空间数据、城市管理专题数据采集与建库提供了保证,满足了数字化城市管理、城市地籍测量等对基础空间数据的迫切需求。实践证明,一体化数据建设方案充分反映了数据之间的逻辑关系和共享可能性,既加快了数据建设进程、拓展了数据建设内容,同时又保证了数据建设质量,是一种可供借鉴应用的数据建设方式。     

风化壳型砂质高岭土矿床以钻代井取大样方法简介

本文仅就被第四系所覆盖、埋藏在潜水面下的风化壳型砂高岭土矿床以钻代井取大样方法简介。通过实践认为:此法特点是施工速度快、样品质量高、成本低、工作条件好,适用于风化壳型砂质高岭土矿床。     

Recursive calculation of hansen coefficients

Hansen coefficients are used in expansions of the elliptic motion. Three methods for calculating the coefficients are studied: Tisserand's method, the Von Zeipel-Andoyer (VZA) method with explicit representation of the polynomials required to compute the Hansen coefficients, and the VZA method with the values of the polynomials calculated recursively. The VZA method with explicit polynomials is by far the most rapid, but the tabulation of the polynomials only extends to 12th order in powers of the eccentricity, and unless one has access to the polynomials in machine-readable form their entry is laborious and error-prone. The recursive calculation of the VZA polynomials, needed to compute the Hansen coefficients, while slower, is faster than the calculation of the Hansen coefficients by Tisserand's method, up to 10th order in the eccentricity and is still relatively efficient for higher orders. The main advantages of the recursive calculation are the simplicity of the program and one's being able to extend the expansions to any order of the eccentricity with ease. Because FORTRAN does not implement recursive procedures, this paper used C for all of the calculations. The most important conclusion is recursion's genuine usefulness in scientific computing.     

Environmental behaviors of mercury and lead in the soil of polymetallic deposit areas in western Hunan Province

Western Hunan Province is one of the most typical assembling areas of cryogenic metallic deposit in China, as well as a main ore-forming zone for some heavy metals. In the region, Hg and Pb pollution was caused by abnormally high concentrations of Hg, Pb in the natural environment and Hg, Pb exploiting/smelting and other human activities, which make the damage to human health more complicated. Generally, heavy metal pollutants in soil are often long-lasting and consequent, with their emission and/or transport into the environment, resulting in growing hazards to human health posed by elevated heavy metal concentrations in air, water, and food. Therefore, monitoring and understanding their behaviors in soil environment is the most important and urgent task. In this paper, the environmental behaviors and pollution characteristics of soil polluted by Hg and Pb in typical Hg and Pb mining areas in western Hunan were studied. Main results are presented as follows： （1） Western Hunan Province is a high regional geochemical abnormal region on Hg and Pb. The concentrations of Hg and Pb in soils in mercury mining areas were 1 315 and 3. l times higher than the average background of soils in China, respectively. While those in soils in lead mining areas are 14.1 and 6.1 times higher. By using the index of geoaccumulation （Igeo）, it was found that either mercury mining area or lead mining area in western Hunan Province has been polluted by the two elements, the majority of soils in mercury mining areas are seriously polluted by Hg, moderately or light polluted by Pb, while the majority of soils in lead mining areas are moderately or moderately-highly polluted by Pb and moderately-highly polluted by Hg. （2） By the BCR extraction procedures, both Hg and Pb in soils are dominated by residual form, followed by organic-sulfide form. Fe-Mn oxides and acid-exchangeable form are rather low. The total concentrations and each species of Hg and Pb in soils show positive correlations with the concentrations of sands, and negative ones with the concentrations of clays in soils.     

基于有序聚类法的风化岩体定量分带研究

应用有序聚类法对辽宁省锦凌水库坝基的风化岩体进行定量分带,得出结果与地质观察方法、规范法等所得出的结果进行比较。并应用岩体风化差异系数计算各种方法下的各风化带的风化差异系数,综合分析,给出各最终推荐结果,按照有序聚类方法分析所得的结果进行风化岩体分带。     

地质勘探工程索赔探析

工程索赔是工程承包合同履行过程中的一项重要管理活动,也是地质勘探工作的薄弱环节。通过阐明索赔在地质勘探工程中的必要性,对索赔进行了分类,并对各类索赔进行了详细说明。全面介绍了索赔应收集证据的内容以及证据的保全方法,给出了索赔的程序,特别强调了28d是索赔的最佳时机。详细介绍了索赔报告的编写内容和编写中的具体要求,对今后地质勘探行业进行索赔活动有一定的借鉴意义。     

机载LiDAR点云的Delaunay三角网快速生成算法

为了提高机载激光点云的Delaunay三角网生成效率及稳定性,基于分块算法的思想,改进了点云数据的分块方式,利用点云的凸包及重心点进行数据分块,并结合子块中激光点个数阈值进行三角形子块的细分,从而避免了传统子块合并过程中复杂的相邻三角形搜索及优化处理,仅需简单的一步优化即可完成相邻子块的合并,大大提高了算法的效率。经实验证明,该算法简单、高效且稳定性好,尤其对于大数据量的机载LiDAR点云Delaunay三角网生成具有明显的优势。     

青海省公共应急地理信息系统原型设计与实现

从应急处置的角度着手,建立省级公共应急地理信息系统原型。以青海省为例探讨了基于GIS的应急事件处置流程,并围绕该处置流程,设计并实现了公共应急地理信息系统原型,实现了突发事件定位、影响范围分析、影响因素分析、救援资源分析、态势标绘等功能,为建设青海省公共应急地理信息系统探索了一条切实可行的技术路线。