Extensions of nonlinear error propagation analysis for explicit pseudodynamic testing

Two important extensions of a technique to perform a nonlinear error propagation analysis for an explicit pseudodynamic algorithm (Chang, 2003) are presented. One extends the stability study from a given time step to a complete step-by-step integration procedure. It is analytically proven that ensuring stability conditions in each time step leads to a stable computation of the entire step-by-step integration procedure. The other extension shows that the nonlinear error propagation results, which are derived for a nonlinear single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, can be applied to a nonlinear multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) system. This application is dependent upon the determination of the natural frequencies of the system in each time step, since all the numerical properties and error propagation properties in the time step are closely related to these frequencies. The results are derived from the step degree of nonlinearity. An instantaneous degree of nonlinearity is introduced to replace the step degree of nonlinearity and is shown to be easier to use in practice. The extensions can be also applied to the results derived from a SDOF system based on the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity, and hence a time step might be appropriately chosen to perform a pseudodynamic test prior to testing.     

Deconvolution of squared velocity waveform as applied to the study of a noncoherent short-period radiator in the earthquake source

We consider an inverse problem of determination of short-period (high-frequency) radiator in an extended earthquake source. This radiator is assumed to be noncoherent (i.e., random), it can be described by its power flux or brightness (which depends on time and location over the extended source). To decide about this radiator we try to use temporal intensity function (TIF) of a seismic waveform at a given receiver point. It is defined as (time-varying) mean elastic wave energy flux through unit area. We suggest estimating it empirically from the velocity seismogram by its squaring and smoothing. We refer to this function as observed TIF. We believe that one can represent TIF produced by an extended radiator and recorded at some receiver point in the earth as convolution of the two components: (1) ideal intensity function (ITIF) which would be recorded in the ideal nonscattering earth from the same radiator; and (2) intensity function which would be recorded in the real earth from unit point instant radiator (intensity Green's function, IGF). This representation enables us to attempt to estimate an ITIF of a large earthquake by inverse filtering or deconvolution of the observed TIF of this event, using the observed TIF of a small event (actually, fore-or aftershock) as the empirical IGF. Therefore, the effect of scattering is stripped off. Examples of the application of this procedure to real data are given. We also show that if one can determine far-field ITIF for enough rays, one can extract from them the information on space-time structure of the radiator (that is, of brightness function). We apply this theoretical approach to short-periodP-wave records of the 1978 Miyagi-oki earthquake (M=7.6). Spatial and temporal centroids of a short-period radiator are estimated.     

An Incremental Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure Based on Inelastic Spectral Displacements for Multi-Mode Seismic Performance Evaluation

The so-called Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) based on pushover analysis has been developed in the last decade as a practical engineering tool to estimate the inelastic response quantities in the framework of performance-based seismic evaluation of structures. However NSP suffers from a major drawback in that it is restricted with a single-mode response and therefore the procedure can be reliably applied only to the two-dimensional response of low-rise, regular buildings. Recognizing the continuously intensifying use of the pushover-based NSP in the engineering practice, the present paper attempts to develop a new pushover analysis procedure to cater for the multi-mode response in a practical and theoretically consistent manner. The proposed Incremental Response Spectrum Analysis (IRSA) procedure is based on the approximate development of the so-called modal capacity diagrams, which are defined as the backbone curves of the modal hysteresis loops. Modal capacity diagrams are used for the estimation of instantaneous modal inelastic spectral displacements in a piecewise linear process called pushover-history analysis. It is illustrated through an example analysis that the proposed IRSA procedure can estimate with a reasonable accuracy the peak inelastic response quantities of interest, such as story drift ratios and plastic hinge rotations as well as the story shears and overturning moments. A practical version of the procedure is also developed which is based on the code-specified smooth response spectrum and the well-known equal displacement rule. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Numerical characterization of dispersion coefficients by meshless‐based inverse analysis

This study presents the preliminary development of a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis. Two goals are desired to be attained: (a) identifying fewer quantities in an indirect inverse analysis and (b) getting the interpolation results of spatial variation of a quantity insensitive to the replacement of one or few interpolation points with other points. This idea is illustrated by modifying a meshless local Petrov‐Galerkin (MLPG) formulation of a two‐dimensional (2D) contaminant transport problem under the concept of boundary control. Thus, dispersion coefficients to be identified are solved from measured or prescribed pollutant concentrations. A field problem is introduced to test the performance of resulting meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis procedure. This test finds a major motive and a minor one for performing a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis. The major motive is attaining the aforementioned Goal (b), while the above‐mentioned Goal (a) is the minor motive. In conclusion, the development of a meshless‐based indirect inverse analysis procedure can be a valuable application of the MLPG method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快速精确的二维频率空间域弹性波数值模拟

二维频率空间域的数值模拟方法具有以下的优势:多炮模拟时,计算成本比时间域方法低;无累计误差;在地震反演中处理多震源模拟时,只需要有限的几个频率就可以得到好的反演结果.差分离散化形成的稀疏系数矩阵,需要求解一个巨大规模的线性方程组,最大瓶颈是需要海量的计算机内存,导致计算量庞大.本文在前人研究的基础上,采用嵌套剖分网格排序法,极大限度减少对计算机内存的需求,从而减少了计算量.针对弹性波数值模拟的特征,提出二维频率空间域弹性波多炮模拟的快速计算流程.数值模拟试验证明使用嵌套剖分排序法的弹性波多炮数值模拟比压缩存储法具有节省存储量、计算效率高等优势,为后续的二维频率空间域弹性波全波形反演奠定了很好的基础.     

The cause of unproportionately large higher mode contributions in the inelastic seismic responses of high‐rise core‐wall buildings

In the conventional seismic design of high‐rise reinforced concrete core‐wall buildings, the design demands such as design shear and bending moment in the core wall are typically determined by the response spectrum analysis procedure, and a plastic hinge is allowed to form at the wall base to limit the seismic demands. In this study, it is demonstrated by using a 40‐story core‐wall building that this conventional approach could lead to an unsafe design where the true demands—the maximum inelastic seismic demands induced by the maximum considered earthquake—could be several times greater than the design demands and be unproportionately dominated by higher vibration modes. To identify the cause of this problem, the true demands are decomposed into individual modal contributions by using the uncoupled modal response history analysis procedure. The results show that the true demands contributed by the first mode are reasonably close to the first‐mode design demands, while those contributed by other higher modes are much higher than the corresponding modal design demands. The flexural yielding in the plastic hinge at the wall base can effectively suppress the seismic demands of the first mode. For other higher modes, however, a similar yielding mechanism is either not fully mobilized or not mobilized at all, resulting in unexpectedly large contributions from higher modes. This finding suggests several possible approaches to improve the seismic design and to suppress the seismic demands of high‐rise core‐wall buildings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bulk sampling of coarse clastic sediments for particle-size analysis

A guide is provided to the minimum sample masses required to obtain reproducible measures of the particle-size distributions of coarse sediments. This is based on studies of the actual particle-size distributions of a range of clastic deposits. Procedures are given to enable representative bulk samples of tills, fluvial gravels and beach gravels to be taken.     

SELECTION OF SUITABLE METHODS FOR TERRAIN MODELLING FOR RIVER ENGINEERING

LINTRODUCTIONTerrainmodellingisatermtodescribetheprocessofrepresentingthesurfaceoftheEarth.Mathemahcally,theproblemcanbedescribedas;Givenasetofn(3sn相似文献   

CINRAD/SB伺服系统线路设计特点和维修方法

总结了CINRAD/SB型新一代天气雷达交流变频调速数字伺服系统线路技术特点和与CINRAD/SA线路设计上的差别。根据数字伺服系统信号流程、电源控制保护原理,从状态监测信息、FC文件信息、报警信息、关键点参数测量和关键信号的传输路径入手,详细介绍了数字伺服系统故障诊断方法和技巧,并列举了两个不同类型的典型故障个例的理论分析和处理步骤。提出了伺服系统维修方面的一些建议,为新一代大气雷达技术支持和保障提供借鉴。