不同土层地震反应计算程序对比分析

目前在中、美两国场地土层地震反应分析中,应用比较广泛的计算软件为ESE和SHAKE,两者均采用频域等效线性化方法处理非线性的土层动本构关系。本文采用上述软件分别对三种典型场地进行计算,分析两者差别及造成差别的原因。研究结果表明,SHAKE软件在深软场地时,计算反应谱和加速度峰值均与实际统计结果差别较大,不适合工程应用。ESE软件计算结果比较合理。     

Damping reduction factors and code‐based design equation for structures using semi‐active viscous dampers

This study uses a semi‐active viscous damper with three different control laws to reshape the structural hysteresis loop and mitigate structural response, referred to as 1–4, 1–3 and 2–4 devices, respectively. The 1–4 control law provides damping in all four quadrants of the force‐displacement graph (it behaves like a standard viscous damper), the 1–3 control law provides resisting forces only in the first and third quadrants, and the 2–4 control law provides damping in the second and fourth quadrants. This paper first outlines the linear single degree of freedom structural performance when the three types of semi‐active viscous dampers are applied. The results show that simultaneous reduction in both displacement and base‐shear demand is only available with the semi‐active 2–4 device. To enable guidelines for adding a 2–4 device into the design procedure, damping reduction factors (RF_ξs) are developed, as they play an important role and provide a means of linking devices to design procedures. Three methods are presented to obtain RF_ξ and equivalent viscous damping of a structure with a 2–4 semi‐active viscous damper. In the first method, the relationship between RF_ξ and the damping of a semi‐active structure can be obtained by calculating the area under the force‐deformation diagram. The second and third method modified the Eurocode8 formula of RF_ξ and smoothed results from analysis, respectively. Finally, a simple method is proposed to incorporate the design or retrofit of structures with simple, robust and reliable 2–4 semi‐active viscous dampers using standard design approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)感染的动态病理学及病原分布研究

采用病理形态学方法与免疫组化法进行了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)感染的动态病理学与病原分布研究。结果表明, 感染鱼主要临床特征为游动缓慢, 旋游, 体表出血, 腹部膨大, 腹腔内充有淡黄色或含血的腹水, 肝、脾与肾肿大, 出血; 病理组织学上, 感染后8—12h, 肝细胞空泡变性和间质性肾炎; 24h后肝出现局灶性坏死, 肾小管上皮变性和更严重的间质性肾炎, 脾出血和淋巴细胞坏死; 48h 后, 肝、脾、肾坏死更严重, 致感染鱼死亡。感 染后8h, 在肝脏检测到病原菌阳性信号, 12h 后, 在肝、肾、脾中检出阳性信号, 48h 后, 在肝、肾、脾、心、脑、鳃、肠道等都检出阳性信号, 表明爱德华氏菌腹腔注射感染黄颡鱼首先侵袭肝、肾、脾, 然后是心脏、脑、鳃、胃肠等。     

重金属污染土壤萃取方法选择及参数优化

土壤重金属污染是国际土壤与环境研究的热点和难点问题之一。重金属在土壤中存在的形态和各种形态的比例是决定其迁移性和生态影响的关键因素。常用的形态分析方法包括Tessier五步萃取法、BCR三步萃取法和水萃取法等。在比较三种萃取方法的基础上,在法国北部冶炼厂周围土壤和焦作矿区土壤污染研究中采用水乙酸两步萃取法,采用蒸馏水和0 11 mol/L的乙酸,液固比20,25 ℃条件下恒温振荡16 h。     

真空预压法加固软土地基施工有关问题的讨论

对真空预压法软基加固施工中某些工序或工艺存在的问题做一简要的概述,提出相应的观点和解决办法,同时对此法施工中影响边界以外建筑的影响距离做了初步探讨,以期今后施工引起注意.     

移动IPv6中返回路由过程的安全问题

从移动IPv6工作原理入手，着重对返回路由过程进行了分析。虽然此过程加强了通信节点对移动节点的确认，但是其中仍然存在攻击者冒充测试报文、家乡地址或转交地址的安全威胁，从而达到中断正常通信、窃取信息等目的，所以在此过程中，还要加强对通信节点所处的共享链路保护，以及采取有效的绑定刷新机制，从而实现安全的移动IPv6系统。     

省级气象部门公文和Notes邮件在OA中的传输与实现

介绍了海南省气象局办公自动化系统的系统架构、运行环境及主要功能,并概述了系统所包含的公文系统、收文系统和文档管理系统,运用不同的公文模版实现了文、函等类型公文的拟稿、核稿、签发、审核、审批、盖章、文印、封发的流程管理、公文流转等多项功能,以及通过OA系统访问Notes邮件和个人E-mail邮件的功能,分析了实现相关功能所需的设计技术和实现方法,即运用工作流技术、职务岗位建模、权限控制、用户群组设计、公文痕迹保留等技术实现省级气象部门公文和Notes邮件在OA中的传输。     

Dynamic and equivalent static procedures for capacity design of controlled rocking steel braced frames

Controlled rocking steel braced frames (CRSBFs) have been proposed as a low‐damage seismic force resisting system with reliable self‐centring capabilities. Vertical post‐tensioning tendons are designed to self‐centre the system after rocking, and energy dissipation may be provided to limit the peak displacements. The post‐tensioning and energy dissipation can be designed using simple methods that rely primarily on the first‐mode response. However, the frame member forces are highly influenced by the higher‐mode response, resulting in more complex methods to design the frame members. This paper examines previous proposals and also proposes two new capacity design methods for CRSBFs. The first is a dynamic procedure that requires a truncated response spectrum analysis on a model of the frame with modified boundary conditions to consider the rocking behaviour. The second is an equivalent static method that does not require any modifications to the elastic frame model, instead using theory‐based lateral force distributions to consider the higher modes of the rocking structure. Neither method requires empirical calibration. The dynamic procedure is used to design two sets of CRSBFs with three, six, nine, twelve and eighteen stories, one set using a response modification factor of R = 8 and the other using up to R = 20. Based on the results of 800 nonlinear time history analyses, both methods are generally more accurate than the previous capacity design methods and at least as simple to implement. Finally, the displacement results suggest that taller CRSBFs designed using could still limit interstorey drifts to approximately 2.5% at the maximum considered earthquake level in the cases considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An efficient measure of compactness for two-dimensional shapes and its application in regionalization problems

A measure of shape compactness is a numerical quantity representing the degree to which a shape is compact. Ways to provide an accurate measure have been given great attention due to its application in a broad range of GIS problems, such as detecting clustering patterns from remote-sensing images, understanding urban sprawl, and redrawing electoral districts to avoid gerrymandering. In this article, we propose an effective and efficient approach to computing shape compactness based on the moment of inertia (MI), a well-known concept in physics. The mathematical framework and the computer implementation for both raster and vector models are discussed in detail. In addition to computing compactness for a single shape, we propose a computational method that is capable of calculating the variations in compactness as a shape grows or shrinks, which is a typical application found in regionalization problems. We conducted a number of experiments that demonstrate the superiority of the MI over the popular isoperimetric quotient approach in terms of (1) computational efficiency; (2) tolerance of positional uncertainty and irregular boundaries; (3) ability to handle shapes with holes and multiple parts; and (4) applicability and efficacy in districting/zonation/regionalization problems.     

多重贸易网络的空间演化特征及其影响因素——基于货物、服务和增加值贸易的比较

基于复杂网络分析与贸易增加值核算方法,借助ArcGIS、Ucinet和MATLAB等工具,对全球64个主要经济体货物、服务和增加值多重贸易网络的空间演化及其影响因素进行综合对比分析,结果表明：① 全球货物、服务和增加值贸易网络的紧密性和通达效率均呈现稳步提升趋势,服务贸易的网络化趋势更为显著;金融危机对网络的“互惠性”“异配性”产生较大影响;② 空间格局上均具有显著的“核心?边缘”等级性,区域层面上形成了亚太和欧盟地区两大“派系”,美、中、日、德为两大“派系”联系的枢纽节点;③ Top1网络表现出不同的演化特征,其中货物、服务和增加值贸易网络分别呈现“星型”“雪花型”和“星型+链式”空间组织结构。3类网络演化过程中中国的崛起态势令人瞩目;④ QAP（二次指派程序）分析显示,传统的GDP、地理距离、共同语言等因素对于3类网络的形成具有相似的较强解释力,要素禀赋差异和贸易制度是影响它们之间差异性的主要因素,但其显著性水平不高且趋于弱化。