Using hydro‐chemograph analyses to reveal runoff generation processes in a Mediterranean catchment

The paper deals with the hydro‐chemical analysis performed in order to reveal processes, sources, paths and timing of the runoff generation in an experimental catchment representative of the hilly, terrigenous and forested watershed in the Mediterranean humid eco‐region of southern Italy. The analysis is based on the data recorded at the outlet of the catchment during 2013–2014. A mixing law procedure was applied on discharge (Q) and electrical conductivity (EC) data, by using the Q–EC end members previously collected at selected groundwater, sub‐surficial and surficial stations. In this way, we found four bound curves delimiting fields in a Q–EC plot, each with hydro‐chemograph value ranges. At annual time scale, the analysis revealed a seasonal behaviour of the hydrological response, different for the wet period, when the aquifer is recharging, and the dry periods, when the aquifer is discharging, despite frequent summer rain showers. At event time scale, the catchment seems to show the behaviour of a typical hydro‐geomorphic threshold system. We interpreted this behaviour as due to a progressive addition of water from distinctive components (i.e. deep aquifer, riparian corridor, hillslope and hollow), each with originally different mechanisms of runoff production (i.e. groundwater, groundwater ridging, saturation excess, infiltration excess and soil pipe exfiltration) and response time. During the event, the contributing areas enlarge upward the riparian corridors and the zero‐order basins, where the aforementioned components become superposed and the mechanisms interact more and more. We hypothesize that the threshold values between different states of the system are defined by the intersections of the boundary curves on the Q–EC plot. Different patterns in the Q–EC hysteretic cycles are prevalently related to the pre‐event soil saturation and groundwater contributions to stormflow and recharge mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study of a stiff wave barrier in gelatine

Railway induced vibrations and re-radiated noise in buildings can be mitigated by means of wave barriers in the soil. Numerical simulations demonstrate that a stiff wave barrier, consisting of a material that is stiffer than the surrounding medium, can be very effective if the stiffness contrast between the barrier and the medium is sufficiently large. This paper presents results of a lab experiment that has been carried out to validate these findings, using gelatine instead of soil in order to reduce the wavelengths and thus the scale of the test setup. An expanded polystyrene beam is employed as wave barrier, while a non-contact measurement procedure is applied for visualizing the waves in the gelatine, based on reflections of a grid of laser rays. The experimental results are found to be in line with the numerical predictions, confirming the vibration reduction effectiveness of stiff wave barriers.     

基于ObjectARX的土地整理竣工测绘内业系统设计与实现

介绍了基于ObjectARX设计与实现土地整理竣工测绘内业系统,实现在AutoCAD环境下完成土地整理竣工测绘的内业工作,实现方便快捷的工程量统计,取代烦琐的统计方式,从而达到图表数据一致的要求,规范了内业生产流程,提高了生产效率。     

三峡大坝特深倒垂孔倒垂线的施工安装

倒垂线作为大型建筑物变形监测的基准设施,广泛应用于大型水利枢纽工程中。对深达110m的倒垂线的安装,在国内尚属首次。工程实践中通过不断试验、摸索及总结以往的施工经验,抓住安装过程中的难点和关键工序进行创造性思维,采用新的安装工艺,顺利实现了特深倒垂孔倒垂线的安装,并归纳出一套系统的、实用的施工安装方案。     

隧道危岩块体稳定性的地质-几何简明分析法

隧道围岩局部块体稳定性分析是隧道设计和施工过程中必不可少的环节。以地质素描图为出发点,借助投影几何学的地质-几何简明分析法,通过对块体几何作图分析的简化,可以迅速地确定隧道危岩块体的位置、几何形态、塌滑类型以及稳定性系数,从而直接及时地指导围岩支护加固的重点。最后,运用该方法对曼歇3号隧道局部危岩块体的稳定性进行了评价,得出了该处危岩块体的主要破坏方式是直接塌落的结论,指出了隧道围岩支护加固的重点,在地质工程实践中达到了预期的效果。     

黑龙江省新一代地市级预报业务流程建设

在ＭＩＣＡＰＳ系统支持下的地市级预报业务流程包含了工作子系统、会商子系统、信息子系统、预报制作分发子系统、预报管理子系统、监控子系统等６个子系统。从此改变了资料获取、天气会商、天气预报制作、信息传递、预报产品制作、指导预报等工作的传统方式,实现预报制作无纸化、预报产品传递自动化、产品格式规范化、预报评分客观化。这里简要介绍了该系统的研制技术及其各项功能和特点。     

随机动力处理在天气形势预报中的应用及微机业务系统

本文运用欧洲中期天气预报中心的数值预报产品，组成平均高度场，通过具有耗散强迫低阶动力学系统的控制方程，作随机动力处理，对有限区域500 hPa高度场作下一旬的平均高度场预报，经试验证明其结果能给中期预报提供依据。     

雷电防护接地电阻降低方法及应用

从理论上深入探讨了几种降阻的方法,根据接地工程的实践,借鉴一些地网降阻失败的经验,提出了解决接地降阻典型方法和步骤的＂程序法＂,并在110 kV石门变电站地网改造中进行了应用和检验,供防雷工程人员在接地设计、施工中参考。     

城市酸雨预报方法及业务系统

应用欧拉酸沉降数值模式、基于主分量的神经网络预报方法、动态统计预报方法,建立了广西城市酸雨预报模型,进而根据酸雨预报业务流程,将预报方法、Sybase数据库和网页技术等有机地结合起来,研制了广西城市酸雨预报业务系统。一年多的业务应用表明,该酸雨预报系统性能稳定、技术成熟、自动化程度高。     

基于BORLANDC^＋＋的统计符号库设计与实现

统计符号库的设计与实现是GIS与CAC中的难点，一直制约着统计地图制国软件的开发和实用化。本文首先分析了矢量符号产生的过程化方法及其局限性，进而基于OO思想和BORLANDC 语言提出了统计符号库设计与实现的新方法。