DEM制作检查及精度问题的解决方法

介绍了通过数字化仪手扶跟踪及扫描仪半自动采集现有地形图等高线的步骤,再通过内插方法生成DEM,并对如何提高DEM精度提出了解决方案。     

情境驱动的室内位置地图动态表达

室内位置地图可以根据用户的"位置"及环境变化,动态地表达位置服务信息,是实现室内位置个性化和精准化服务的重要平台。重点研究情境驱动下室内位置地图的动态表达。在分析室内位置地图特征的基础上,提出影响室内位置地图表达的情境类型;设计地图表达图层及构成要素,提出情境驱动的室内位置地图表达过程与技术方法;给出商场购物活动中不同情境条件下地图动态表达的应用示例。     

二维非均匀饱和土体的地震反应分析

将饱和土体视为由弹性骨架和不可压缩流体组成的两相孔隙介质,取固相位移,液相位移,孔隙水压力为场变量。从两相孔介质的动力耦合微分方程出发,利用伽辽金原理和Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ法导出了三场有限元积分方法,该方法可进行二维非均匀饱和土体的地震反应分析,文中通过算例讨论了非均匀饱和土体地震反应的一些特征。     

中国湖泊综合分类原则、级别划分及分类程序之初探

在略述了国内外湖泊分类研究现状的基础上,探讨了开展我国湖泊综合分类的原则、级别划分以及综合分类所应该遵循的程序。主导因素与综合因素相结合,建立分类的主导标志,是湖泊综合分类系统中高层次分类的关键;区域相似性（相对一致性）与差异性的对比分析是低层次分类的重要环节。在此基础上,还应充分考虑到人类经济活动的方式与强度对湖泊诸自然因素的影响,以便使湖泊综合分类工作既具有理论上的意义,同时又具有实用价值。级     

土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化

重金属在污染土壤中的形态分布决定着重金属的迁移性和危害的程度。土壤重金属形态分析应用最多的是Tessier和BCR连续提取法。Tessier和BCR连续提取法没有考虑土壤样品的特征。美国环保署危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准法虽然考虑土壤pH值,但没有划分形态。采集不同pH土样,结合Tessier、BCR和毒性浸出鉴别方法的特征,优化出针对不同pH值土壤的连续提取方法,将土壤中重金属划分为活性态、次生碳酸盐结合态、次稳定态和稳定态。用优化的连续提取方法对土样进行连续提取,重金属回收率为85%~115%。优化连续提取方法的结果与Tessier和BCR结果对比显示优化连续提取方法克服了Tessier连续提取法对非石灰质土壤提取过量BCR连续提取法对石灰质土壤提取不足的缺点。优化后的连续提取方法数据稳定可靠,可作为重金属形态分析方法使用。     

Extended consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating seismic responses of one-way asymmetric plan tall buildings considering soil-structure interaction

Performance based design becomes an effective method for estimating seismic demands of buildings. In asymmetric plan tall building the effects of higher modes and torsion are crucial. The consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure is one of the procedures that consider these effects. Also in previous studies the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in pushover analysis is ignored. In this paper the CMP procedure is modified for one-way asymmetric plan mid and high-rise buildings considering SSI. The extended CMP (ECMP) procedure is proposed in order to overcome some limitations of the CMP procedure. In this regard, 10, 15 and 20 story buildings with asymmetric plan are studied considering SSI assuming three different soil conditions. Using nonlinear response history analysis under a set of bidirectional ground motion; the exact responses of these buildings are calculated. Then the ECMP procedure is evaluated by comparing the results of this procedure with nonlinear time history results as an exact solution as well as the modal pushover analysis procedure and FEMA 356 load patterns. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the ECMP procedure.     

Geochemical baseline of trace elements in the sediment in Dexing area,South China

A baseline might be used as a point of reference to monitor change from some specific data without concern for whether the baseline determination is natural or has been changed by human activity. We selected 326 sediment samples from Dexing area, South China, and analyzed for 17 chemical elements. The geochemical baseline was predicted with the method of the normalization procedure combined with the relative cumulative frequency curve. The results indicate Al was the best reference element for the normalization procedure among four potential reference elements (Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn). The baseline value range obtained from the normalization procedure method included both the regional geochemical background of the sediment and the median value of the measured contents. The median value of baselines obtained from relative cumulative frequency method was lower than that obtained from normalization procedure method. In contrast to the geochemical patterns of heavy metals in 1987, the spatial distribution of anomalies sprawled in 2004 in study area, especially for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, and Cr.     

大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析

基于美国规范ATC-40和N2方法,建立了大跨预应力混凝土框架结构竖向地震反应的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析方法。编制了预应力混凝土构件截面弯矩-曲率的计算程序。这些为评价大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的竖向抗震能力提供了有益的参考。结合具体工程实例进一步说明了该方法的实施步骤。     

Determination of microscopic parameters of quartz sand through tri-axial test using the discrete element method

A calibration procedure, in which coupled effects of microscopic parameters are considered, is proposed to determine the values of the microscopic parameters in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Fujian quartz sand. Laboratory tri-axial tests are conducted to be compared with the DEM simulations and the effects of end restraint in the laboratory tests are eliminated through a digital image measurement system. Sensitivities of the macroscopic behaviour of the specimen to the microscopic parameters are analyzed through DEM simulations. Four coupled effects of the microscopic parameters on the macroscopic behaviour are investigated through a graphic method and then considered in the calibration procedure.