瞬态瑞雷面波法在公路工程地质勘察中的应用

结合安徽省高速公路建设工程实例,介绍瞬态瑞雷面波勘探技术在公路工程地质勘察中的应用,解决沿线高边坡、深路堑、桥梁、隧道进出口的岩土分层,给出基岩风化分带等工程地质问题,省时、省力,取得了良好的经济效益和环境效益.     

A log‐normal spectral analysis of inorganic grain‐size distributions from a Canadian boreal lake core: Towards refining depositional process proxy data from high latitude lakes

Better methods for interpreting grain‐size spectra will enhance current understanding of past transport–depositional processes. A high‐resolution inorganic grain‐size dataset has been measured from a freeze core extracted from ‘Alberta Lake E’ a boreal fresh water lake 40 km east of the Athabasca Oil Sands in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada. The grain‐size spectra are remarkably consistent throughout the core, exhibiting a structure comprising six persistent grain‐size distributions below ca 250 μm, plus a rare medium‐sand distribution. Automated deconvolution of the grain‐size spectra produced poor results. Constraining the modes of two of the distributions produced deconvolution solutions that were statistically excellent and consistent with the structure of each spectrum. Statistical analysis of the ‘constrained’ solutions indicates that deconvolution successfully extracted independent grain‐size populations. Conversely, the multimodal spectra generate traditional measures (for example, mean grain size) that are inconsistent combinations of different individual populations and thus are poor proxies of transport–depositional processes. Alberta Lake E is situated in a boreal wetland landscape where sediment delivery is dominated by overland flow transport during spring melt. This context means that the Alberta Lake E grain‐size spectra can be interpreted to reflect: (i) a bedload component transported during short‐duration high discharge events that reflect the intensity of the melt; and (ii) a finer suspended load component representing material whose magnitude is controlled by the volume of the spring melt. Stratigraphically, bedload and suspended load populations demonstrate different short‐wavelength and long‐wavelength cyclicity, suggesting that spring melt is likely to be driven by cyclic external forcing factors. The links between the grain‐size spectra and spring melt have potential for generating proxy records that better capture the external controls over spring melt in boreal systems and the risks associated with these energetic hydrodynamics. This is exemplified by the coarsest Alberta Lake E distributions, which indicate that more intense spring‐melt dynamics occurred in pre‐historical times.     

基于Janbu法的边坡整体稳定性滑动面搜索新方法

对于边坡整体稳定分析,找到了一种用随机角来搜索随机滑动面的新方法。在此过程中,采用简化Janbu法计算安全系数。这种新方法产生随机滑动面的过程是：先假定滑动面与边坡上、下缘的交点,在某一初始方向的情况下,以下缘交点为基点开始每随机一个角度方向,使其与对应的滑动体土条划分竖线相交,直到随机角度方向与上、下缘交点的连线重合,将这些交点依次连接,即可得到一条随机曲线（或随机滑动面）。通过随机模拟曲线,发现随机角物理意义明确,具有以下两个独特优点：①只有一个随机条件,随机因素易于控制,便于计算机编程;②为保证其随机曲线为一光滑曲线,可对随机角进行适当优化,并且在条分数足够大时,能够模拟任何曲线。针对以往随机搜索精度不高的问题,采用近似曲线来代替随机曲线的方法加以改进,并且将近似曲线的生成进行了简化。经各种实例对比分析后,得出此方法计算得出的安全系数与以往研究成果颇为接近,得到的最危险滑动面亦与实际情况相符,因而可说明此方法能够适用于边坡整体稳定性分析。     

两种膨润土的土-水特征曲线

用滤纸法和压力板法对Kunigel-V1和高庙子两种膨润土进行试验研究,量测不同孔隙比情况下的土-水特征曲线,研究土-水特征曲线与孔隙比之间的关系以及两种膨润土的土-水特性。试验结果表明：用吸力与含水率的关系表示土-水特征曲线时,在吸力较大的情况下,孔隙比对土-水特征曲线的影响不大;用吸力与饱和度的关系表示土-水特征曲线时,土-水特征曲线随着孔隙比的减小向右上方移动,即在吸力一定的情况下,饱和度随着孔隙比的减小而增加,并且此变化接近于线性变化。另外,孔隙比相同时,Kunigel-V1和高庙子膨润土的土-水特征曲线比较接近,即两种膨润土的持水特性比较相近     

非接触极化曲线视反应电位差区分矿体矿物成分及确定其边界的实验研究

本文用非接触极化曲线视反应电位差区分矿体矿物成分和确定矿体边界的基本原理，着重阐述矿物非接触极化曲线视反应电位差特征的实验研究方法和结果，并指出非接触极化曲线视反应电位差区分矿体矿物成分和确定矿体边界是有可能的。     

基于Excel的Q=f（S）及q=f（S）曲线判别

鉴于传统的手工方法或CAD绘制抽水试验过程中Q=f（S）及q=f（S）曲线中出现的效率低、精度不高的问题,利用Excel的计算、图表功能．以内蒙古鄂尔多斯某井田203孔8煤至17煤抽水试验资料为例,详细阐述了图表法和数值法绘制Q=f（S）及q=f（S）曲线的具体步骤及判别啦线是否正常的方法,为野外水文地质技术人员提供了一个很好的参考范本。     

M L Determination for Local and Regional Events Using a Sparse Network in Southwestern Germany

A method for the determination of consistent local magnitude M _L values (Richter scale, or M _WA) for earthquakes with epicentral distances ranging from 10 km through 1000 km is demonstrated. The raw data consists of nearly 1300 amplitude readings from a network of six digital seismographs in Baden–Württemberg (Southwestern Germany) during 26 months starting in 1995, later extended by another 1000 amplitude readings until 1999. Relying on most of the basics introduced by C.F. Richter a three-parameter attenuation curve (distance correction, magnitude-distance relation) for Baden–Württemberg and adjacent areas is presented. Station corrections are evaluated and the attenuation curve is calibrated with respect to other agencies for distances greater than 650 km. Reasonable parametrisations are discussed and meaningful error bars are attributed. Finally, a seventh station is incorporated by means of its station correction alone, without needing to update the attenuation curve.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩开裂刚度计算

以基本的力学理论为依据,对双筋矩形截面混凝土墩柱的受力模式进行简化,通过力学平衡方程,从理论上分析了墩柱受力过程中开裂区域的刚度。在此基础上,引入了三段式的概念,并通过三段式思想推算出截面刚度的简化公式。根据简化公式计算出力-位移曲线,继而推算出混凝土墩柱整体刚度。     

西沙群岛大气中海盐粒子的分布特征

分析了在西沙永兴岛观测的Ｃｌ＾－海盐核资料，主要结果有：（１）东北季风期干直径大于２μｍ的Ｃｌ＾－核平均浓度８７８个／Ｌ，平均含盐量１０５．４μｇ／ｍ＾３，其中干直径大于４μｍ的特大核平均为１９０个／Ｌ，最大间观测到干直径５７μｍ的Ｃｌ＾－粒子，均较该地在１９８７年５月西南季风盛行期的观测值高。谱型呈准单调下降的幂函数递减谱。（２）随距海面高度增加海盐粒子浓度与含盐量均有所减小。（３）Ｃｌ＾－粒子     

红阳猕猴桃种植基地自动站温度对其生长季的影响

利用贵州西部发耳、米箩、猴场、蟠龙、鸡场、顺场、杨梅、勺米共8个红阳猕猴桃基地2013—2015年物候期观测资料、猴场基地红阳猕猴桃果实生长期生长速率及其产量资料以及各基地2005—2015年温度资料,运用C值逼近法和决定系数(R~2)最大化法拟合红阳猕猴桃果实生长曲线,采用相关性分析方法,分析了温度对红阳猕猴桃物候期的影响。结果表明,红阳猕猴桃各个物候期出现的时间及其日数与温度变化具有一致性,但各个物候期对温度的响应表现出不一致。红阳猕猴桃开花期对平均温度、平均最高温度的响应最为明显,其相关性达到极显著水平(p0.001)。平均最高温度对果实生长期日数的影响呈负相关性,其相关性达到极显著水平(p0.005)。果实生长量的75.69%受时间影响,24.31%受气候因素影响。