Water ecological function zoning in Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

Rapid urbanization coupled with increase in population growth rate in recent years has accelerated economic pressure on the ecological environment leading to a gradual deterioration of global and regional environment. This has particularly resulted into water contamination and shortage of water resources thus posing a great threat to human survival. How to guaranteeing sustainable use of basin water resources has attracted more and more attentions. The Heihe River Basin is the secondary longest river inland China and the significantly water source of Hexi Corridor, the problem of water pollution, ecological environment deterioration and the shortage of water has seriously threatened the ecological system of the Heihe River Basin. In this study, through depicting the characteristics of natural environment, human activities, water ecosystem services and other factors in Heihe River Basin we delineated the water ecological function in Heihe River using the principal components analysis and the K-means clustering method. In the study, Heihe River Basin is divided into 3 primary level areas and 8 secondary level sub-areas. Water ecological characteristics analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the water ecological function of Heihe River Basin was not uniform, which are mainly showed in three aspects, function of windproof and sand fixation, function of soil erosion prevention and function of water sources conservation. The results of this study can provide effective and scientific theoretical references for the integrated water sources management and the ecological function optimization of the Heihe River Basin.     

强震前地磁总场F02测值的空间相关特征研究

收集全国102个地磁台站2008年至2015年数字化地磁资料, 运用地磁空间相关法计算每日凌晨02时各台站地磁总场F之间的空间相关系数。 在使用相同的异常判别标准的情况下, 研究时段的17个中强地震中发现在2009年9月19日陕西宁强5.1级地震, 2011年11月1日四川青川5.4级地震, 2013年1月23日辽宁灯塔5.1级地震, 2013年7月22日甘肃岷县6.6级地震和2013年10月31日吉林前郭5.5级地震前均具有较为明显的空间相关低值异常现象。 通过总结5个震例的异常特征, 笔者发现其异常形态极其相似, 且平均的异常持续时间为20天, 而地震就发生在异常开始后3个月内; 同时, 地震发生在异常集中区中心附近, 且这个异常区域大小在500 km左右。 这一研究结果对于进一步分析地震前地磁空间相关异常特征积累了丰富的资料。     

Towards models of strategic spatial choice behaviour: theory and application issues

Models of spatial choice behaviour have been around in geography urban planning for decades to assess the feasibility of planning actions or to predict external (competition) effects on existing destinations. Although these models differ in terms of complexity and key concepts, they all have in common that spatial choice behaviour is predicted as a function of the attributes of the choice alternatives and distance or travel time separation only. None of these models do take into account that the attributes of choice alternatives and travel time may be highly non-stationary and that often the utility that people derive from visiting a particular location also depends on the choice behaviour of other individuals. Under these circumstances, individuals may exhibit strategic choice behaviour. That is, they will choose particular choice options taking into account their expected behaviour of others such as to maximize their own utility. The purpose of the proposed paper is to discuss possible models of strategic choice behaviour for these urban planning problems. Theory will be outlined and some critical issues in the application of such models to problems of spatial choice will be discussed.     

Spatial variation of the intertidal sediments and macrozoo-benthic assemblages along Eighty-mile Beach, North-western Australia

The extensive intertidal flats along Eighty-mile Beach in North-western Australia appear to be monotonous and homogeneous and seem ideally suited to study tidal zonation in macrozoo-benthic communities and their possible correlates with characteristics of the sediment. In October 1999, we sampled benthic invertebrates and sediments at a total of 895 sampling stations distributed over six different locations, each location separated by 15 km of unsampled foreshore along Eighty-mile Beach. To test for the presence or absence of patterns of tidal zonation (distinct height-related zones of specific sediment grain sizes or zoobenthic taxonomic groups) or patchiness (distinct patches of specific sediment grain sizes or zoobenthic taxonomic groups not related to tidal height) each location was divided into three along-shore sections and each section (transect) was examined at two or three tidal heights. Zonation was observed for sediment grain sizes. Sediments were coarser at the highest intertidal level and finer towards the low water line. Benthic assemblages also differed among tidal heights, but in terms of species-composition the differences were not consistent among the locations. Each location supported a unique collection of benthic invertebrates. Therefore the hypothesis of the presence of distinct zones of specific species or zoobenthic taxonomic groups was rejected; the presence of benthic patches was confirmed. The distribution of sediments and the composition of benthic assemblages were surprisingly poorly correlated compared to those reported in 12 previous quantitative studies around the world. One possible explanation might be that super-cyclone Vance, which hit the study-area only six months before this study, contributed to this poor correlation. Alternatively, the poor correlation may indicate that biotic interactions are more important than the assumed abiotic structuring.     

Evaluating conditions for transboundary Marine Spatial Planning: Challenges and opportunities on the island of Ireland

Transboundary cooperation is viewed as an essential element of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). While much of the MSP literature focuses on the need for, and benefits of, transboundary MSP, this paper explores the political and institutional factors that may facilitate the effective transition to such an approach. Drawing on transboundary planning theory and practice, key contextual factors that are likely to expedite the transition to transboundary MSP are reviewed. These include: policy convergence in neighbouring jurisdictions; prior experience of transboundary planning; and good working relations amongst key actors. Based on this review, an assessment of the conditions for transboundary MSP in the adjoining waters of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is undertaken. A number of recommendations are then advanced for transboundary MSP on the island of Ireland, including, the need to address the role of formal transboundary institutions and the lack of an agreed legal maritime boundary. The paper concludes with some commentary on the political realities of implementing transboundary MSP.     

History,effort distribution and landings in an artisanal bottom longline fishery: An empirical study from the North Atlantic Ocean

Commercial fishing data were used to reconstruct historical spatio-temporal patterns of fishing effort and landings in the bottom longline fishery of the Azores. Key events during an important 15-year period were charted, through fisher interviews together with GIS analysis. While effort distribution varied over time, the prevailing pattern was a shift in focus from eastern to western areas and from shelf/slope to offshore banks and seamounts in response to policy measures (e.g. banning bottom longline inside 3 NM, public aids for modernization of the fleet) and reduced fishing yields. Areas 12–50 NM from shore represented the most vital fishing grounds in terms of fishing effort and production. Declining landings of the major demersal species, in recent years, indicate that present catch levels are not sustainable and further measures need to be taken in order to sustain fisheries resources. Knowledge of fleet behavior and the distribution of fishing effort, particularly in patchy environments, provide valuable insights into the impacts of past management decisions and help predict the outcome of new policies both in this region and elsewhere.     

国土空间规划的海洋分区研究

国土空间分区作为国土空间规划编制和自然资源统一管理的基础,对整个规划体系具有重要的支撑作用。在统一的国土空间规划体系下,用海分区既有其独立性与特殊性,也面临着陆海统筹、生态文明建设、海洋高质量发展等政策提出的 新要求。文章系统梳理了 1983 年以来海洋功能分区体系 4 次演变历程,结合国土空间规划改革对分区体系的内在需求,指出海洋功能分区体系存在未覆盖海域全域,分区层级的尺度、分工、内容和结构与国土空间规划的要求不一致,分区方案未考虑用途管制的需求,以及陆海统筹不足等问题。在剖析现有各类规划政策分区、管制分区和功能分区在国土空间规划体系中的定位和作用的基础上,提出以海洋主体功能区为基础,海洋生态红线为底线,以原海洋功能区划分区为主体,将无居民海岛纳入规划范围,并在生态、农业、城镇空间的大框架下统筹协调海陆分区,形成国土空间规划中的海洋分区体系。全国和省级国土空间规划统筹海陆主体功能,划定主体功能区,并建立海洋产业保障区名录、无居民海岛保护与利用名录和海洋自然保护地名录。市县级国土空间规划划定“功能+管制”的利用分区,共划分出海洋保护区、海洋发展区和海洋保留3个一级分区以及核心保护区、一般控制区、海水增养殖区等 12 个二级分区。     

世界各国日像仪主要性能比较

本文是世界各国日像仪的天线阵性能汇集,包括日、俄、法、中、美等专用日像仪及美国、印度、巴西等兼作日像仪的天线阵,列出了几个典型天线阵列排列及接收系统。附录中列出了等口径及不等口径天线阵列的灵敏度及动态范围计算公式,同时列出了视场、角分辨率等公式。便于读者自行分析,计算,比较各天线阵列性能。     

New doubly-symmetric families of comet-like periodic orbits in the spatial restricted (N + 1)-body problem

For any positive integer N ≥ 2 we prove the existence of a new family of periodic solutions for the spatial restricted (N +1)-body problem. In these solutions the infinitesimal particle is very far from the primaries. They have large inclinations and some symmetries. In fact we extend results of Howison and Meyer (J. Diff. Equ. 163:174–197, 2000) from N = 2 to any positive integer N ≥ 2.      

空间因子分析与沉积地球化学旋回元素组合的确定

１９９５年５月,引用地矿部“七五”东北太平洋ＣＣＡ１２１柱状沉积物的８个元素地球化学分析数据,利用空间因子分析方法确定两种周期度（Ｄ１＝６５ｃｍ,Ｄ２＝１０５ｃｍ）内的沉积地球化学旋回元素组合,并据此探讨多金属结核成矿与物源环境的关系,研究表明,与小尺度周期（Ｄ１＝６５ｃｍ）对应的元素组合：Ｕｄ１（Ｍｎ,Ｃｏ,Ｃｕ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＳｉＯ２和Ｕｄ２（Ｆｅ,Ｃａ,Ｃｏ,Ｃｕ）与大尺度周期对应的元素组合为