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901.
S. Chakhar V. Mousseau 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11-12):1159-1196
Multicriteria analysis is a set of mathematical tools and methods allowing the comparison of different alternatives according to many criteria, often conflicting, to guide the decision maker towards a judicious choice. Multicriteria methods are used in spatial context to evaluate and compare spatial decision alternatives, often modeled through constraint‐based suitability analysis and represented by point, line, and polygon features or their combination, and evaluated on several space‐related criteria, to select a restricted subset for implementation. Outranking methods, a family of multicriteria methods, may be useful in spatial decision problems, especially when ordinal evaluation criteria are implied. However, it is recognized that these methods, except those devoted to multicriteria classification problems, are subject to computational limitations with respect to the number of alternatives. This paper proposes a framework to facilitate the incorporation and use of outranking methods in geographical information systems (GIS). The framework is composed of two phases. The first phase allows producing a planar subdivision of the study area obtained by combining a set of criteria maps; each represents a particular vision of the decision problem. The result is a set of non‐overlapping spatial units. The second phase allows constructing decision alternatives by combining the spatial units. Point, line and polygon feature‐based decision alternatives are then constructed as an individual, a grouping of linearly adjacent or a grouping of contiguous spatial units. This permits us to reduce considerably the number of alternatives, enabling the use of outranking methods. The framework is illustrated through the development of a prototype and through a step‐by‐step application to a corridor identification problem. This paper includes also a discussion of some conceptual and technical issues related to the framework. 相似文献
902.
N. Dendoncker C. Schmit M. Rounsevell 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1013-1030
This paper evaluates errors and uncertainties in representing landscapes that arise from different data rasterization methods, spatial resolutions, and downscaled land‐use change (LUC) scenarios. A vector LU dataset for Luxembourg (minimum mapping unit: 0.15 ha; year 2000) was used as the baseline reference map. This map was rasterized at three spatial resolutions using three cell class assignment methods. The landscape composition and configuration of these maps were compared. Four alternative scenarios of future LUC were also generated for the three resolutions using existing LUC scenarios and a statistical downscaling method creating 37 maps of LUC for the year 2050. These maps were compared in terms of composition and spatial configuration using simple metrics of landscape fragmentation and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in landscape composition and configuration between the three cell class assignment methods and the three spatial resolutions were found to be at least as large as the differences between the LUC scenarios. This occurred in spite of the large LUC projected by the scenarios. This demonstrates the importance of the rasterization method and the level of aggregation as a contribution to uncertainty when developing future LUC scenarios and in analysing landscape structure in ecological studies. 相似文献
903.
Majid Esmaelian Francisco J. Santos Arteaga Sommayeh Mohammadi 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1187-1213
Earthquakes occurring in urban areas constitute an important concern for emergency management and rescue services. Emergency service location problems may be formulated in discrete space or by restricting the potential location(s) to a specified finite set of points in continuous space. We propose a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System to identify shelters and emergency service locations in urban evacuation planning. The proposed system has emerged as an integration of the geographical information systems (GIS) and the multicriteria Decision-Making method of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation IV (PROMETHEE IV). This system incorporates multiple and often conflicting criteria and decision-makers’ preferences into a spatial decision model. We consider three standard structural attributes (i.e., durability density, population density, and oldness density) in the form of spatial maps to determine the zones most vulnerable to an earthquake. The information on these spatial maps is then entered into the ArcGIS software to define the relevant scores for each point with regards to the aforementioned attributes. These scores will be used to compute the preference functions in PROMETHEE IV, whose net flow outranking for each alternative will be inputted in ArcGIS to determine the zones that are most vulnerable to an earthquake. The final scores obtained are integrated into a mathematical programming model designed to find the most suitable locations for the construction of emergency service stations. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms in an earthquake emergency service station planning case study in the city of Tehran. 相似文献
904.
905.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1673-1690
ABSTRACTEconomically the most important iron deposits of Turkey occur as: (1) skarn-hosted (SH)-type ore deposits, occurring along the contacts between syenitic-monzonitic intrusives and limestone or serpentine; (2) vein-type deposits, found between the serpentine and limestone (SLH); or (3) ore deposits that are entirely within the limestone (LH).Elemental associations are defined as: Fe+Ni+Cr+U+Bi+Rb+Mg+Ga for the SH-type ores; Fe+Cr+Mn+Nb+V for the SLH-type ores; and Fe+Ag+Au+Cr+Ba+As+Pb+Sb+Ni for the LH-type ores. Positive correlations between Fe, U, Bi, and Rb for the SH type indicate that late magmatic hydrothermal input was related to monzonitic intrusions. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the 14 deposits show very weak light/heavy REE (LREE/HREE) fractionation. Similarities of REE patterns, particularly between the SH and LH types, may indicate a common source of REEs and Fe. Ce depletion in the LH ores indicates long-term fluid flow and interaction with marine sediments. Ni, Cr, and V enrichment of all deposits indicates that iron was scavenged from the serpentinized ultra-basic-basic rocks and transported along fracture zones by hydrothermal solutions driven by intrusions. The iron deposits were formed around the magmatic bodies, or tectonic contacts between the serpentine and the limestone. 相似文献
906.
南平下明洋铅锌钼多金属矿区土壤测量发现Pb、Zn、Mo、W、Bi等异常。北部西部以Pb-Zn组合为主,元素相互套合较紧密,异常浓度以外带为主;东南部岩体接触带附近以Mo-W-Bi组合为主,元素相互套合紧密,异常浓度高,浓集中心清晰,分布连续,规模较大。分析认为矿区土壤Pb、Zn、Mo、W异常为矿致异常。 相似文献
907.
908.
909.
基于ESDA方法与空间计量模型的旅游影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)发现,中国省域之间的旅游发展存在明显的空间自相关性,在空间分布上呈现聚集状态。进一步建立空间计量经济学模型进行实证研究,空间滞后模型的极大似然估计结果表明,旅游总收入模型和国内收入模型的参数ρ显著为正,说明邻近区域之间旅游收入空间联系十分密切,且国内旅游的溢出效应大于总体旅游的溢出效应。经济发展水平是总体旅游、国内旅游和入境旅游发展的重要影响因素。旅游上层设施、人力资源、旅游基础设施在统计上十分显著,是总体旅游和国内旅游发展的重要影响因素。入境旅游模型则整体拟合较差。 相似文献
910.
各种比例尺地形图担负着不同的社会、经济职能,多尺度地形图生产和建库,是基础地理信息系统建设的重要内容,也是信息库建设的重点和难点。以往获得较小比例尺地形图成果,一是按照尺度划分规则分别测绘,二是采用制图综合软件逐级梯度缩编,无论哪种方法都存在着效率低、时间长、更新困难、质量因人而异的缺陷。研究采用新的技术方法,基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编,借助空间信息数据库的整体性、适应性、拓展性、算法先进性和超强分析能力,运用空间信息拓扑关系,建立基本比例尺图形数据库,在信息数据库中智能化完成梯级比例尺缩编、跨比例尺缩编及任意比例尺缩编,自动建立相应比例尺图形数据库,同时保障多尺度图形数据库及时更新和维护,克服传统方法测制与缩编各级比例尺地形图的弊端,保障系列比例尺地形图与基本比例尺图形数据库的一致性、实时性,满足各层次、各行业用图需求,方便快速建立城市DSM地表模型和空间真三维地理模型。该方法具有成本低、速度快、精度高、通用性强、按需供图的特点和优势。湘潭市数字城市工程实践证明:基于基础信息源数据进行地形图智能化缩编的体系、架构、理论和方法是可行的,且具有广泛的社会推广应用价值。 相似文献