黔西南贞丰中-上三叠统竹杆坡组微相与沉积环境演化

针对中- 晚三叠世扬子台地的淹没事件,分析了黔西南贞丰挽澜中- 上三叠统竹杆坡组的微相,并讨论了其沉积环境 演变。采用Flügel 标准微相的判别方法共识别出九种微相,包括：纹层状粘结灰岩、微晶藻球粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩、含生物 碎屑泥晶灰岩、棘皮泥晶灰岩、亮晶砂屑鲕粒生物碎屑灰岩、藻团块生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-P 和泥晶灰 岩-P。九种微相的有序组合和分布位置显示它们形成于快速的潮坪-台地边缘转变过程和漫长的深水陆棚及盆地环境。海 平面变化分析显示,黔西南中- 晚三叠世竹杆坡组沉积期的海平面变化不同于扬子台地主体,无论是二级旋回还是三级旋 回都响应于全球海平面变化。     

苏州西南部的推覆和伸展构造

根据大量的地质、钻孔资料,结合地球物理资料和岩组分析研究,发现苏州西南部中生代以来至少经历了两期重要的构造变动:先期的推覆、后期的伸展。推覆时代确定在早、中三叠世之后,晚侏罗世之前。其后该区便转入伸展构造发育期。推覆构造具有台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱组合的几何学特征。推覆动向大体从北西(340°±)向南东,并有左旋逆冲性质。根据平衡剖面恢复,确定最小推覆缩短量为18—20公里,缩短率为45.6—47.6％。伸展拉张为表层的重力滑动,浅层形成NNE走向为主的“堑—垒”式对称正断层体系。区域盆地构造走向,野外地质和岩组的研究表明拉张主方向大体为NW305°—SE115°,并具右旋运动性质。挤压和拉张、推覆和伸展的叠加改造,使得苏州西南部的地层,包括大部分岩体在内,均成为无根构造岩片的叠置。这对研究该区高岭土和多金属矿床的成矿机理和指导找矿有重要意义。     

确定南澜沧江缝合带的火山岩地球化学证据

本文着重根据火山岩的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征厘定了我国西南“三江”地区昌宁－孟连带Ｃ１—Ｐ２火山岩和南澜沧江带Ｐ—Ｔ３火山岩的构造－岩浆类型。昌宁－孟连火山岩带为洋脊／准洋脊型－洋岛型玄武岩、蛇绿混杂岩带,代表澜沧江洋或古特提斯的残迹;南澜沧江火山岩带是一个陆缘火山弧带,是澜沧江洋盆向东俯冲消减、碰撞以及陆内俯冲过程的产物。两带火山岩是成对分布的古特提斯缝合带的产物。     

湘西南金矿床的稀土元素地球化学研究

作者对湘西南主要的金矿床进行了稀土元素地球化学研究,认为该区金矿有着内在的成因联系,其成矿物质均来自赋矿地层;并探讨了该区基性脉岩提供成矿质的可能性。     

Causes and Predictability of the 2021 Spring Southwestern China Severe Drought

In the spring of 2021, southwestern China (SWC) experienced extreme drought, accompanied by the highest seasonal-mean temperature record since 1961. This drought event occurred in the decaying phase of a La Ni?a event with negative geopotential height anomalies over the Philippine Sea, which is distinct from the historical perspective. Historically, spring drought over SWC is often linked to El Ni?o and strong western North Pacific subtropical high. Here, we show that the extreme drought in the spring of 2021 may be mainly driven by the atmospheric internal variability and amplified by the warming trend. Specifically, the evaporation increase due to the high temperature accounts for about 30% of drought severity, with the contributions of its linear trend portion being nearly 20% and the interannual variability portion being about 10%. Since the sea surface temperature forcing from the tropical central and eastern Pacific played a minor role in the occurrence of drought, it is a challenge for a climate model to capture the 2021 SWC drought beyond one-month lead times.     

Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of Aquitanian and Burdigalian stratotypes in the Bordeaux area (southwestern France)

The historical stratotypes of the Aquitanian and Burdigalian in the Aquitaine Basin are studied here by using the tools of facies sedimentology and the concept of sequence stratigraphy. This analytical method combines recognition and sequential organization of facies, and several types of stratigraphic markers. This method allows identification of at least six depositional sequences within the Miocene of the Saucats area: the four lower ones belong to the Aquitanian, the fifth one to the whole Burdigalian, while the sixth sequence corresponds to the Serravallian. In addition, this method provides evidence of a period of emersion before each transgression, suggesting potential fluvial erosion. Nevertheless, these phases are of lower amplitude than those observed in the Rhodano-Provençal Basin.

Résumé

Les stratotypes historiques de l’Aquitanien et du Burdigalien, en Aquitaine, sont étudiés ici en termes de sédimentologie de faciès et de stratigraphie séquentielle. Cette méthode d’analyse combine la reconnaissance et l’organisation séquentielle des faciès à plusieurs types de repères stratigraphiques. Elle permet d’identifier au moins six séquences de dépôt dans le Miocène de la région de Saucats : les quatre premières dans l’Aquitanien, la cinquième pour le Burdigalien et la dernière pour le Serravallien. Elle a également permis de mettre en évidence des phases d’émersion anté-transgression, suggérant de possibles érosions fluviatiles, mais d’ampleurs inférieures à celles reconnues dans le Bassin miocène rhodano-provençal.     

南海西南次海盆与东部次海盆地质与地球物理分析

在对南海西南次海盆和东部次海盆的地质和地球物理特征分析和对比的基础上,提出了南海东部次海盆的地球物理场异常和地质构造均呈EW向分布,而西南次海盆则表现为NE向分布。并利用插值切割法对南海深海盆的磁力异常场进行了分析处理,提出了其显示的地球动力学过程的差异,并对南海西南次海盆和东部次海盆的演化史进行了探讨：东部次海盆是在晚渐新世－早中新世通过SN向的海底扩张形成的,而西南次海盆是在中始新世至早渐新世通过NE向的大陆边缘裂谷作用形成的。     

Folding of a detachment and fault – Modified detachment folding along a lateral ramp,southwestern Montana,USA

The inversion of the Middle Proterozoic Belt sedimentary basin during Late Cretaceous thrusting in Montana produced a large eastwardly-convex salient, the southern boundary of which is a 200 km-long oblique to lateral ramp subtended by a detachment between the Belt rocks and Archean basement. A 10 km-long lateral ramp segment exposes the upper levels of the detachment where hanging wall Belt rocks have moved out over the Paleozoic and Mesozoic section. The hanging wall structure consists of a train of high amplitude, faulted, asymmetrical detachment folds. Initial west-east shortening produced layer parallel shortening fabrics and dominantly strike slip faulting followed by symmetrical detachment folding. “Lock-up” of movement on the detachment surface produced regional simple shear and caused the detachment folds to become asymmetrical and faulted. Folding of the detachment surface after lock-up modified the easternmost detachment folds further into a southeast-verging, overturned fold pair with a ramp-related fault along the base of the stretched mutual limb.     

鄂尔多斯西缘南华山古生代埃达克岩地球化学和年代学

鄂尔多斯西南缘地处北秦岭、北祁连、贺兰山构造带交接部位,构造带西段的南华山弧形构造带中发育有大量早古生代花岗岩体（岩株）,侵入于下元古界海原群以及中寒武统香山群、下奥陶统阴沟群中。岩性以花岗闪长岩为主,其次为二长花岗岩和石英闪长岩,并有少量角闪奥长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩等,其中普遍含有暗色闪长质包体。地球化学研究表明,岩石主要为准铝-过铝质、钙碱性系列,具有明显高Al₂O₃、低MgO特征,尤其是低Y和Yb、高Sr和Sr/Y比值特征,类似于典型的埃达克岩地球化学组成。同时,岩石明显亏损Nb、Ta、P 和Ti,富集Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb、Nd、Zr 等。综合分析认为,早古生代祁连俯冲洋壳板片熔融,熔体与楔形地幔熔体混合后上侵,并与下地壳熔体再次混合形成了南华山花岗岩。利用LA-ICPMS法测得花岗岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为416±14 Ma,代表了花岗岩结晶年龄。综合利用区域地质、地层特征和不整合接触关系,限定祁连-秦岭交接区俯冲、碰撞造山和地壳加厚发生在志留纪末期。     

滇西点仓山构造带新生代岩浆活动及其构造意义

点苍山构造带是哀牢山-金沙江大型走滑构造带的重要组成部分。构造带内新生代花岗岩以发生糜棱岩化韧性变形和含有富铝含水矿物-黑云母和白云母为特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明花岗岩和混合岩化花岗岩脉的形成时代分别为27.9±0.7Ma、28.5±0.5Ma和34.8±0.4Ma,样品11QDC-34中3个点206Pb/238U年龄22~24Ma是对后期叠加构造变形变质作用的响应。岩石地球化学分析结果表明花岗岩具有高硅(SiO270.95%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.16%~8.44%)、高钾(Na2O/K2O1.0)、富铝(Al2O313.48%,A/CNK多大于1.1)的S型花岗岩岩石学特征。花岗岩LREE/HREE比值变化较大,δEu在0.13~0.75之间,以及在微量元素蛛网图上展示出的大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb和K,放射性生热元素Th和U及亲岩浆元素Ce、La、Zr和Hf相对原始地幔强烈富集,高场强元素(HSFE)Nb、P、Ti、Sr和LILE中的Ba表现出明显的负异常,以及在Th/Yb-Ba/La和Th/Yb-Sr/Nd判别图解中,样品沿沉积岩熔融体演化趋势线分布,在Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr图解中分布于页岩和砂岩部分熔融区,揭示其岩浆来源于壳源物质低度部分熔融的产物。构造带中花岗岩体(脉)普遍发生不同程度糜棱岩化韧性变形、同一岩体不同部位糜棱岩化程度存在较大差异及锆石结晶温度远高于糜棱岩的角闪岩相变质温度说明点苍山深变质带大规模韧性走滑剪切作用发生于28Ma之后。