基于GIS的攀西地区铂族元素成矿地质条件初步分析

攀西地区以良好的铂族元素(PGE)成矿地质背景，而成为我国铂族元素找矿热点地区之一。本文在建立攀西地区铂族元素矿床地质概念模型的基础上，用地理信息系统(GIS)分析了该地区的铂族元素成矿地质条件，包括地质构造、峨眉山玄武岩、基性一超基性岩和铂族元素地球化学异常特征。指出研究区的深大断裂对铂族元素的富集表现出很好的控制作用，峨眉山玄武岩为铂族元素的矿源层之一，岩浆岩为铂族元素的富集提供了成矿物质及成矿能量。     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

The geography information system of the 1303 Hongton M=8 earthquake has been established. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of damage and isoseismal of the earthquake are studies. By comparing with the standard earthquake intensity attenuation relationship, the abnormal damage distribution of the earthquake is found, so the relationship of the abnormal distribution with tectonics, site condition and basin are analyzed. In this paper, the influence on the ground motion generated by earthquake source and the underground structures near source also are studied. The influence on seismic zonation, anti-earthquake design, earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency responding produced by the abnormal density distribution are discussed. Foundation item: National important fundamental research “The Basic Research of Important Project in Damage Environment” and The important project “The Seismic Hazard Assessment Research and Anti-earthquake Structure Research” from China Earthquake Administration during the 10th Five-year Plan. Contribution No. 04FE1008, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

天山山区近40a年降水变化特征与南、北疆的比较

本文分析了天山山区近40 a来年降水变化的基本特征，并与南疆、北疆进行了比较，所得的主要结果如下：(1)天山山区在年降水量干湿变化阶段上与北疆的相似性强于南疆。(2)年降水量的空间分布的同步变化性以北疆为最好，南疆最差，天山山区居中，而年降水量的空间分布的反向变化性，以天山山区为最大，北疆最小，南疆居中。(3)天山山区与南疆从60年代到90年代，年降水均表现出了持续的增加的趋势，北疆年降水从60年代到90年代，除70年代外，不断增多。     

国家级气象资料存储检索系统的建立

对国家级气象资料存储检索系统的需求进行了分析，进而对系统进行了功能设计，并在技术调研和分析的基础上确定了功能实现的技术路线:在数据管理方面采用数据库和文件系统相结合的方式；在存储管理方面采用分级存储管理模式，并解决了数据库的分级存储管理技术；在检索应用方面提供了程序调用式检索方式，并通过采用中间件技术实现了基于B/S结构的程序调用式检索；通过选用HPSS技术解决了由异种机型构成的高性能计算机群存储池问题；通过分别建立实时数据库和综合数据库解决了气象资料的规范化存储和实时业务使用需求之间的矛盾；在应用软件开发方面严格按照有关规范进行。     

青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展

文中回顾了近 10a来吴国雄等在青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究方面的最新进展。通过分析东西风交界面的演变证明 ,由于青藏高原的春季加热 ,亚洲季风区对流层低层冬季盛行偏东风转变为夏季偏西南风最早发生在孟加拉湾东部 ,与其相伴随的激烈对流降水出现在其东面。因此孟加拉湾东部至中印半岛西部是亚洲季风最早爆发的地区。同时也指出盛夏伊朗高原和青藏高原加热所激发的同相环流嵌套在欧亚大陆尺度的热力环流中 ,从而加强了东亚的夏季风 ,加剧了中西亚的干旱 ;并通过其所激发的波动对夏季东亚的气候格局产生重要影响。文中还比较了夏季南亚高压的伊朗模态和青藏模态性质的异同及其对亚洲夏季降水异常分布的不同影响。     

赣南中侏罗世流纹岩地球化学及成因研究：上地壳成因的的微量元素和Pb-Nd-Sr同位素地球化学制约

江西南部龙南-寻邬地区余田群菖蒲组的流纹岩形成于中侏罗世(164．8．1Ma～174．9Ma)，为双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元，属弱过铝质(ACNK平均为1．04)钙碱性系列(σ平均为1．90)。稀土元素含量高(平均为278．9μg/g)，轻稀土富集(IMH平均为7．94)，Eu亏损中等(δEu平均为0．41)。微量元素以富集Rb，Ba，Th，U，Zr，Y，Pb，而亏损Sr，Nb为特征。Pb，Nd，Sr同位素组成为：(^206Pb/^204Pb)t=17．89～18．58，(^207Pb/^204Pb)t=15．58～15．70，(^208Pb/^204Pb)t=37．94～38．82；εNd(t)=-7．44～-11．9；ISr=0．71126～0．71228。对赣南流纹岩微量元素采用蛛网图和模糊聚类分析方法进行对比研究的结果及Pb-Nd-Sr同位素相关特征为其上地壳成因提供了地球化学佐证。赣南流纹岩是由进入上地壳内高位岩浆房的石英拉斑玄武岩浆的底侵作用直接使上地壳部分熔融形成的产物。     

议京西大台地区的燕山运动

作者研究了京西大台地区的燕山运动，初步研究表明：这里不存在强烈的挤压变形迹象和显著的角度不整合．缺乏磨拉石建造。龙门组是厚度有限的河流相沉积，九龙山组是具有弱火山活动的湖相一滨湖相沉积。在隆起带和沉降带之间侏罗系地层显著的厚度变化率、大安山一斋堂滑覆构造及其派生的髫髻山断陷盆和大量高角度滑动面理，都显示了伸展构造背景下基底断块的差异升降。髫髻山组与壳幔相互作用有关的一套火山岩显示了上述运动的深部背景。     

南太行山闪长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因研究

南太行山符山和东冶角闪闪长岩岩体的精细SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和元素-同位素地球化学研究表明:符山角闪闪长岩体形成于126.7±1.1Ma,东冶角闪闪长岩体形成于125.9±0.9Ma,与区内基性侵入岩和北太行地区侵入杂岩具有相似的形成年龄,表明晚中生代(±130Ma左右)太行山地区经历了与华北陆块同期的重要构造岩浆事件。区内闪长质岩石SiO_2=54.84％～65.75％,MgO=1.31％～3.89％,K_2O Na_2O=6.53％～11.40％,mg值=0.36～0.58,(La/Yb)_(cn)=9.86～22.77,(Gd/Yb)_(cn)=1.51～2.00;Eu/Eu=1.00～1.23,以富集LREE、LILE元素和明显亏损Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf-Ti等高场强元素为特征。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)=0.705363～0.706165,ε_(Nd)(t)=-13.8～-16.8,源自于EMI型富集岩石圈地幔,可解释为新生地幔底侵物质熔融后经过结晶分异作用的产物。与华北克拉通内部其他地区一样,早白垩世南太行山地区处于软流圈上涌的岩石圈伸展构造背景。     

PNN网络在预测MCS移动中的应用

神经网络是空间数据挖掘的一种重要手段。本文运用概率神经网络(PNN网络)对1998年夏季影响青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCS)东移的环境物理量场的空间分布特征进行了研究，得到了高原上MCS移动方向与环境物理量场空间分布之间的关系。研究表明，使用概率神经网络预测中尺度对流系统的移动具有较好的效果，从而为研究高原上MCS东移与环境场之间的关系提供了一种新的方法和思路。     

Retrograded textures and associated mass transfer: evidence for aqueous fluid action during exhumation of the Qinglongshan eclogite, Southern Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, eastern China

The Qinglongshan eclogites in the Southern Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane show very different retrograded textures from their counterparts in the Northern Sulu terrane, implying a different thermal history. Scanning electron and optical microscope observations indicate that the peak assemblage of the Qinglongshan eclogite is anhydrous, composed of Grt + OmpI + Rt + (Ky + coesite). These primary minerals were replaced by second and third stage minerals, resulting in symplectite pseudomorphs or coronas. The following relationships are inferred: OmpI → OmpII + Ab + Fe‐oxide symplectite (type I) and Rt → Rt + Ilm intergrowth; and, Ky → Pg, OmpII (+Pl) → Amp (+Pl) symplectite (type II), and Grt → Prg (+Fe‐oxide). Mineral chemistry and mass‐balance demonstrate that the pseudomorphed textures were developed by metasomatism involving dissolution and precipitation intensified by fluids along grain boundaries. The formation of symplectite type I produced Fe, Mg and Na but consumed Ca and Si. The Mg and Fe diffused to garnet where exchange of (Mg, Fe) with Ca of the garnet resulted in compositional zonation with decreased Ca towards the edge of garnet grains where Ca was consumed during symplectite formation. The replacement of kyanite by paragonite consumed the extra Na. In the later stage, fluid infiltration partially transformed symplectite type I to type II, and narrow rims of pargasite resorbed garnet from their boundaries. Mass balance suggests that the transformation and resorption would have been coupled during fluid infiltration. In the latest stage, epidote and quartz were precipitated at very late stage as a result of fluid activity along microfractures. Tentative P–T conditions based on mineral reactions and thermocalc software suggest that the retrograded eclogite did not record the granulite facies retrograde evolution characteristic of eclogites from the Northern Sulu terrane. The difference in retrograde evolution between the Southern and Northern Sulu eclogites suggests a different exhumation history.