Impacts of large-scale teleconnections on climate variability over Southwest Asia

The atmospheric low frequency variability at a regional or global scale is represented by teleconnection. Using monthly dataset of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) for the period 1971–2016, the impacts of four large-scale teleconnection patterns on the climate variability over Southwest Asia are investigated. The large-scale features include the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection patterns, as well as western tropical Indian Ocean (WTIO) sea surface temperature anomaly index. Results indicate that ENSO and EA are the first leading modes that explain variation of Southwest Asian precipitation, with positive (negative) anomalies during El Niño (La Niña) and the negative (positive) phase of EA. Variation of Southwest Asian near-surface temperature is most strongly related to WTIO index, with above-average (below-average) temperature during the positive (negative) phase of WTIO index, although the negative (positive) phase of NAO also favours the above-average (below-average) temperature. On the other hand, temperature (precipitation) over Southwest Asia shows the least response to ENSO (WTIO). ENSO and EA individually explain 13 percent annual variance of precipitation, while WTIO index explains 36 percent annual variance of near-surface temperature over Southwest Asia. Analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) data indicated establishments of negative (positive) geopotential height anomalies in the middle troposphere over Southwest Asia during El Niño (La Niña) or the negative (positive) phase of NAO, EA and WTIO. The response of precipitation variability over Southwest Asia to NAO is opposite to that expected from the geopotential height anomalies, but the correlation between precipitation and NAO is not statistically significant. Due to predictability of large-scale teleconnections, results of this study are encouraging for improvement of the state-of-the-art seasonal prediction of the climate over Southwest Asia.     

中亚五国局地暴雨及其环流特征

采用NCEP/NCAR全球逐日格点再分析资料,分析了中亚五国暴雨的落区特征,归纳了不同落区暴雨环流形势的天气学特点。结果表明：中亚五国暴雨次数较少,局地性强。暴雨三个相对集中的区域分别为哈萨克斯坦西部、北部和东部。中亚五国暴雨的环流可分为11个环流型。中亚五国暴雨的影响系统主要为东欧低值系统东南伸,西西伯利亚低值系统西南伸,以及中纬度西风带上东移的短波。伊朗脊是控制中亚五国降水的主要天气系统。中亚五国降水主要有3个水汽源地,分别是地中海,大西洋和北冰洋。     

中国东北冬季相邻两天降温特征及其年代际变化

利用1961-2012年CN05.2的日平均温度、日最低温度和日最高温度,将3种温度资料冬季相邻两天的降温情况分为弱降温、一般性降温和强降温3类,并分析了这3类降温的时空分布特征。结果表明：日平均温度和日最低温度的弱降温和一般性降温发生频次最大的地区位于大、小兴安岭地区和长白山山脉一带,而强降温发生频次最大的区域则为长白山山脉一带;这三类降温的高频发生时段均为20世纪60年代和70年代,随后开始减少,到21世纪初为发生频次最少时段。对日最高温度而言,弱降温和一般性降温高频发区为42°-45°N,呈带状分布,其北部和南部均为一般性降温发生频次的低发区,呈现"低-高-低"的频次分布特征,而强降温的高频发生区则位于长白山山脉一带;同日平均温度和日最低温度年代际变化特征一样,日最高温度3类降温均在20世纪60年代和70年代频次最大,其后发生频次开始减少。     

On the present habitats and ecology of Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 (Mollusca,Gastropoda, Vertiginidea) in Central Asia and its distribution history in Central and Eastern Europe

The small terrestrial gastropod Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 is one of the rarest glacial indicator species in the Pleistocene of Central and Eastern Europe. In all, this species has been found at only about 15 sites in Europe. V. pseudosubstriata was initially described as a fossil in Central Europe and was discovered only later alive in Central Asia. With regard to its modern distribution, 25 habitats with V. pseudosubstriata have been examined in Tien Shan and in the central and southern Altai. These findings seem to capture the contemporary distribution of the species and provide information on the boundaries of its ecological requirements. These data are of great significance for the interpretation of the fossil assemblages. Since the few fossil specimens in Europe date from very different glacial periods in the Elsterian, Saalian Complex and Weichselian, it can be concluded that V. pseudosubstriata apparently immigrated in at least three distinct waves. Most of the Pleistocene specimens in eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe are reported from archaeological sites of the Upper Middle Weichselian (Gravettian), roughly between 33 and 29 ka cal bp. In this paper, we review all reported modern and fossil occurrences and discuss the species' ecological range.     

苏南都市圈城市地下空间资源开发利用现状与地质调查对策

地下空间资源是地表基质层中宝贵的自然资源之一,其作为城市有机体的重要组成部分,在未来城市建设中起着举足轻重的作用。苏南都市圈城市地下空间资源开发在全国处在领先地位,地下空间规划管理方面已形成较为完善的体系,城市地质调查也在全国率先实现全覆盖。依据地下空间资源开发现状和地质结构 “软硬”两个方面条件对苏南都市圈城市地下空间资源进行分类,划分为宁镇丘陵岗地型、苏锡常平原型和长江中下游冲积平原型三种类型。不同类型城市地下空间资源开发的地质背景和城市需求不尽相同,需根据实际情况定制不同的地下空间调查、规划、建设、管理体系。城市地下空间资源地质调查作为城市地质调查工作的延伸,需要提出更高的要求。本文从城市地下空间资源地质调查精度和深度、多参数多尺度一体化建模、地下空间资源评价、多种地下资源协同利用、地质资料信息数据库与平台建设等方面提出对策建议,用于指导未来城市地下空间资源调查的工程实践,为地质调查成果支撑城市地下空间全生命周期发展提供借鉴意义。     

高分三号山地冰川表面运动提取与分析

冰川表面运动提取在冰川动力学与物质平衡变化研究中具有重要意义。针对当前我国自主遥感卫星数据在冰川运动监测应用中存在的不足,选用GF-3卫星FSI模式下获取的2019—2020年间覆盖亚洲高山区典型冰川的SAR数据,借助并行化偏移量跟踪算法获取了研究区冰川表面流速分布。研究结果表明：优化后的偏移量跟踪算法极大地提高了运行效率;全局形变拟合估计、地形偏差校正及滤波降噪后,冰川运动分布形态更加直观,精度可达0.5 m;通过与准同期Landsat-8影像提取的冰川流速对比以及对非冰川区位移残差的统计分析,验证了GF-3影像在监测不同区域冰川流速结果方面的可靠性及适用性;GF-3影像凭借其良好的空间分辨率,在规模较小、运动缓慢的冰川运动提取方面具有显著的优势,能够更好地体现冰川运动细节信息及其差异性。该研究有助于分析气候变化背景下青藏高原地区冰川的运动规律及其时空演变特征。     

夏季东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射变化的联系及季风环流异常:季节趋势影响

利用2000—2013年MODIS-Terra卫星产品提供的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)方法,分析了夏季东亚地区AOD与到达地面太阳辐射(downward solar radiation flux,DSRF)相联系的主要模态,并分析了其与夏季风变化的关系。夏季多年平均的AOD分布显示,在东亚地区存在两个AOD大值区(0.9),分别位于山东、河南、河北交界处附近以及苏中部分地区。而在福建、台湾及其附近洋面上,夏季AOD的值小于0.4。地面太阳辐射总体上呈现出由南往北递增的分布。比较发现,AOD与地面太阳辐射的气候分布较为相似。在保留季节趋势的情况下,运用SVD方法对两者进行分解,结果表明东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射表现出较好的正相关关系。由于相对于年际变化而言,季节趋势是更为主要的部分,因而这种同相关系可归因于季风活动的季节性进程。利用SVD1左场时间系数进行相关分析发现:6月(2013年除外),当中国东部气溶胶AOD大而地面太阳辐射亦大时,在中国东南部以及日本岛南部地区,由于气流辐合增强和存在较强的上升运动,降水偏多,而由于副高位置偏南,使得中国中东部偏北地区水汽供应偏弱,降水偏少。由于地面净太阳辐射增强,华北部分地区异常增暖。8月,大陆上空AOD为负(时间系数为负),地面太阳辐射减少,北方降水增多而南方降水减少,华北地区有一小范围的异常降温。上述结果表明北方气溶胶明显偏少时,云量增加,降水将增多,且辐射明显减弱;说明夏季风的季节进程对气溶胶、到达地面的太阳辐射变化等具有重要影响。     

Quadrant-Averaged Structure and Evolution Mechanisms of a Northeast Cold Vortex during Its Mature Stage

A Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV) that maintained from 0200 UTC 3 July to 0500 UTC 3 July 2013 and caused several heavy rainfall events was analyzed in detail to reveal its quadrant-averaged structure and main maintaining mechanisms during its mature stage. Results indicated the vortex’s intensity, divergence, ascending motions, precipitable water(PW), and thermal structures were all characterized by significant unevenness, and their main pattern changed gradually during the mature stage. Mechanisms accounting for the maintenance of the NCCV were also characterized by remarkable unevenness. Within different quadrants, dominant factors for the vortex’s evolution may have differed from each other significantly. The NCCV-averaged vorticity budget revealed that the vertical advection of vorticity, which is closely related to convective activities, was the most favorable factor for maintaining the NCCV, whereas the tilting effect, which is closely related to the vertical shear of the horizontal wind(horizontal vorticity), was the most detrimental factor.     

东北亚地区Ms5.0以上地震前后空间电场时空演化特征研究

本文利用2005年1月—2009年12月DEMETER电磁卫星观测的极低频/甚低频(ELF/VLF)39 Hz~6 kHz频段电场功率谱密度(PSD)观测量, 将研究频段划分为5个子频段对东北亚地区(38°N~58°N; 105°E~145°E)内发生的8个M_S≥5.0地震前后空间电场时空演化特征进行研究。 研究发现同一地震不同频段异常扰动区域并不完全在同一位置, 且同一地震的不同频段地震前后扰动形态也并不一致; 8个地震40次统计中有25% 的统计数据虽然基本在地震前后所有时间段都超过阈值2σ, 但未见明显扰动规律, 其余75%的统计数据中发现其扰动特征可以归纳为3类: 52%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度增大, 达到最大时发震, 震后持续降低; 7.5%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度达到高值, 而后下降过程中发震; 15%的统计数据在震前扰动幅度一直在增加且绝大部分时间低于2σ, 直至震后超过2σ, 且出现这种类型的异常均为震例的第五频段演化特征。 异常扰动区域主要集中在震中±4°以外的区域。     

PCBs and its coupling with eco-environments in Southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

In this paper, the spatial distribution and source of the PCBs in surface sediments of the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and influencing factors, such as the sediment characteristics (components, relative proportions and total organic carbon contents), and hydrodynamic conditions were analyzed. PCB concentrations in the surface sediments ranged from 518-5848 pg/g, with average values of 1715 pg/g decreasing sharply compared to last year. In the study area, the PCB pollution level in the middle area was the highest, followed by that of the east coast and the west coast, respectively. Although the PCB level in the coastal areas was lower than that in the middle areas, it was proven in our study that the Yellow Sea obtained PCBs by virtue of river inputs. There was a positive and pertinent correlation between the clay proportion and PCB concentrations, and the increase of the PCB concentrations was directly proportional to the increase of TOC contents, with r=0.61, but it was contrary to the sediment grain size. Consequently, the factors controlling PCB distribution had direct or indirect relationships with sediment grain size; moreover, the hydrodynamic conditions determined the sediment components and grain size. In conclusion, hydrodynamic conditions of the Yellow Sea were the most important influencing factors effecting the distribution of PCBs in the surface sediments of the SYS.