Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Southern North Sea waters: Optical characterization and possible origin

The variability and origin of the Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) were studied in the Belgian coastal and adjacent areas including offshore waters and the Scheldt estuary, through the parameters: absorption at 375 nm, a_CDOM(375), and the slope of the absorption curve, S. a_CDOM(375) varied between 0.20 and 1.31 m⁻¹ and between 0.97 and 4.30 m⁻¹ in the marine area and Scheldt estuary, respectively. S fluctuated between 0.0101 and 0.0203 nm⁻¹ in the marine area and between 0.0167 and 0.0191 nm⁻¹ in the Scheldt estuary. The comparative analysis of a_CDOM(375) and S variations evidenced different origins of CDOM in the BCZ. The Scheldt estuarine waters showed decreasing a_CDOM(375) values with increasing salinity but constant S value of ∼0.018 nm⁻¹ suggesting a dominant terrestrial origin of CDOM. On the contrary, samples collected in the marine domain showed a narrow range of a_CDOM(375) but highly variable S suggesting the additional presence of autochthonous sources of CDOM. This source was evidenced based on the sorting of the marine offshore data according to the stage of the phytoplankton bloom when they were collected. A clear distinction was made between CDOM released during the growth stage characterized by high S (∼0.017 nm⁻¹) and low a_CDOM(375) and the decay phase characterized by low S (∼0.013 nm⁻¹) and high a_CDOM(375). This observation was supported by CDOM measurements performed on pure phytoplankton cultures which showed increased CDOM release along the wax and wane of the bloom but decreasing S. We concluded that the high variability of the CDOM signature in offshore waters is explained by the local biological production and processing of CDOM.     

Establishment and closure of the directed Florida whiting (Menticirrhus americanus) fishery and implications for North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) conservation and management

Today, ocean and coastal marine resource management is extremely complex. Marine resource managers are charged with conserving and managing many diverse species. Southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus), commonly known as whiting, are found from southern New England to Florida. During the fall through winter, western North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) are primarily found in the coastal nearshore waters off South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, overlapping the whiting's range and habitat.     

湖南省主要内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征及动力机制

湖南省内生矿产资源丰富,内生成矿事件主要有加里东期(以志留纪为主)、印支晚期(晚三叠世)、燕山中晚期(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)等3期。以区域矿产资料为基础,结合大地构造、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对上述3期内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征和动力机制进行探讨。①受加里东运动自东南向西北扩展以及深部岩石圈结构差异控制,加里东期湖南省自东南往西北分为成矿特征有别的3个构造带。湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)发生后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动,于局部产生与岩浆活动相关的W、萤石等成矿作用;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)东部的雪峰冲断带(Ⅱ1)形成了以构造活化成因为主的金矿和锑金矿;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)西部的武陵低缓褶皱带(Ⅱ2)及湘西北构造抬升带(Ⅲ)内形成了与寒武纪同沉积断裂活动、加里东运动后的伸展活动以及相应的热液活动有关的汞铅锌矿。②印支晚期受深部岩石圈结构差异控制,湖南省自东南至西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)因后碰撞减压熔融而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,从而于其东南部形成钨锡铅锌多金属矿床,西北部形成锑金钨多金属矿床;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)可能无内生热液成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育小型脉型铅锌矿。③燕山中晚期,湖南省自东南往西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)受岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上隆、陆内碰撞后期增温减压、俯冲板块崩塌等深部构造作用控制而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,形成了大量的有色金属矿床和金矿床;雪峰西部构造带(Ⅱ)成矿作用弱,局部存在Au、Hg成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育少量低温热液充填型萤石矿和砷矿。     

北太平洋对人为二氧化碳吸收的数值模拟

采用一个开边界海盆尺度环流模式研究人为CO2在北太平洋的吸收和分布,并与闭边界模式的模拟结果进行了比较.模拟结果表明,西北太平洋和赤道东太平洋是两个重要的人为CO2汇.使用较大的等密度面扩散系数使得西北太平洋人为CO2通量增大,而赤道海区通量减小（RUN2）.与闭边界模式相比,开边界模式中该两个区域的人为CO2通量都增加了.1800～1997年间,北太平洋共吸收人为CO2 2375GtC(1Gt=1×1015 g, RUN1).副极地海区是人为CO2的一个重要输出区,能输出人为CO2吸收量的38％～54％,而20°N～30°N海区是人为CO2的一个重要贮存区,占整个北太平洋的24％.开边界对于10°N以南太平洋吸收和贮存人为CO2有很大影响.与基于观测资料的估计相比,虽然模式低估了西北太平洋的人为CO2的穿透,高估了东北太平洋的人为CO2的穿透,但总的说来,模式比较好地估计了人为CO2在北太平洋的贮存.     

1992年美国加州兰德斯地震——地壳结构不均匀性对地震发生的影响

为了理解地震的发生和地壳结构不均匀性的关系,利用南加州地震台网的固定台和临时台所记录的2863个兰德斯余震和区域地震,共计107401个P波和19624个S波高质量的到时数据,采用地震层析成像方法得到了兰德斯地震区P波和S波的精细的三维速度结构和泊松比分布．结果显示,地震的发生和分布与地壳结构的横向不均匀性有密切的关系．总体上看,兰德斯地震区余震成丛分布,并被低速块体截断,其中4级以上地震大多分布于P波高、低速异常过渡区域或偏向高速块体一侧,这可能是因为高速区多属地壳脆性介质,易于造成应力集中,导致地震;反之,低速度区则可能代表破碎程度较高、富含流体或温度较高区域,因而更倾向于产生无震变形．基于兰德斯地震区强震震源位置、地震区P波、S波速度异常与泊松比分布推断,兰德斯地震区可能有流体存在．地壳流体易使地壳岩石弱化,从而引发大地震．     

湖南仁里稀有金属矿床岩相学和矿物学特征及其地质意义——以5号脉ZK708号钻孔为例

仁里矿床是中国近年新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,文章针对其稀有金属矿化富集规律、成岩成矿演化特征及找矿标志等问题,以5号主矿脉钻孔ZK708全孔岩芯及岩体内、外伟晶岩为研究对象,采用了电子探针、能谱仪分析和全岩地球化学分析等方法,开展了伟晶岩岩相学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究工作.研究结果表明:①仁里矿床伟...     

A study of variability of annual river flow of the southern African region

Abstract

Variability of river flow is investigated in 502 river flow gauging stations in nine countries of the southern African region with a view to document the spatial variability of the river flow regimes. Those regions where there is strong evidence of declining or increasing trend in annual runoff have been identified. The study has shown that runoff in the region ranges from over 320 mm year^?1 in the Lower Zambezi and the highlands of Tanzania to less than 10 mm year^?1 in the deserts of Namibia and the Kalahari. There is also evidence of declining runoff in parts of Zambia, Angola, Mozambique and the High Veld in South Africa. The recent decline seems to have started from around 1975.     

湖南滑石矿床类型的划分及找矿方向

湖南滑石矿床类型可分为变质型、沉积风化残余型、中低温热液交代型三类。变质型又可分为区域动力变质和接触变质交代两个亚型。据湖南滑石矿床分布特点、成矿地质条件,全省滑石矿可划为四个成矿带、九个远景区,作为今后滑石找矿方向。     

湘西南采金“信”的地质解释

在湘西南民间开采脉金的活动中,人们积累了很多识别金富集的标志,简称“信”。本文收集列举了25种“信”,并相应地作了地质解释,评估了含金情况。从金的地球化学特性,论述了“信”与金富集的内在联系。     

Radar observations of prevailing winds and waves in the Southern Hemisphere mesosphere and lower thermosphere

HF radar stations (utilizing the spaced-antenna partial-reflection technique) located at Adelaide (35°S, 138°E) and Mawson Station (67°S, 63°E) have observed horizontal mesospheric winds continuously since mid-1984. Observations in the period 1984–87 are compared with the Northern Hemisphere [latitude conjugate] stations of Kyoto (35°N, 136°E) and Poker Flat (65°N, 147°W), and with satellite-derived circulation models. Particular reference is made to the equinoctial changeovers in zonal flow and to the temporal and altitude variations in the planetary wave activity at Mawson and Adelaide.