Teleconnection between Winter Arctic Oscillation and Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon in the Pre-Industry Simulation of a Coupled Climate Model

A 600-year pre-industrial simulation with Bergen Climate Model(BCM)Version 2 is used to investigate the linkage between winter Arctic Oscillation(AO)and the Southeast Asian summer monsoon(SEASM)on the inter-decadal timescale.The results indicate an in-phase relationship between the AO and SEASM with periods of approximately 16–32 and 60–80 years.During the positive phase of winter AO,an anomalous surface anti-cyclonic atmosphere circulation appears over North Pacific in winter.The corresponding anomalies in ocean circulation and surface heat flux,particularly the latent and sensible heat flux,resemble a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)-like sea surface temperature(SST)pattern.The AO-associated PDO-like winter SST can persist into summer and can therefore lead to inter-decadal variability of summer monsoon rainfall in East and Southeast Asia.     

福建政和粗面安山岩的年代学、地球化学特征：对中国东南沿海晚中生代挤压-伸展构造的启示

福建政和粗面岩和粗面安山岩出露于政和-大埔断裂带北段。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb定年法测定粗面安山岩成岩年龄为101±1.5 Ma（MSWD = 0.38,n = 18）。粗面岩和粗面安山岩主量元素具有富硅、钾和过铝质的特征,且MgO、FeOt、CaO 等含量较低;岩石具有富集LILE 和LREE, 亏损HFSE 的特征, LREE/HREE 为14.09～20.48,(La/Yb)_N = 17.42～28.59,(La/Sm)_N = 5.56～7.75,并且具有Eu 负异常特征（δEu = 0.60～0.66）。粗面岩和粗面安山岩具有较高的87Sr/86Sr 初始比值（ISr = 0.714 17 和0.714 47）和较低的εNd(t)值, ε_Nd(t)= -9.0～-8.9,以及变化范围大的ε_Hf(t)值,ε_Hf(t)= -10.67～+2.72,二阶段年龄（T_DM2）为1.84～0.99 Ga,表明岩浆主要来源于中-新元古代地壳的重熔,并且伴有不同程度的新生地壳或幔源物质的加入。构造环境判别图解上,粗面岩和粗面安山岩所有样品均位于VAG 及syn-COLG 区域,表明其形成于一个挤压的构造环境,说明华南大陆东南缘在白垩纪并非一直处于伸展构造环境,而是在早晚白垩世之交存在一期由挤压向伸展的构造转换事件,本次研究的粗面岩和粗面安山岩应为这次构造转换的产物,其成岩年龄则代表一期挤压构造事件的上限年龄,它对揭示中国大陆东南缘在晚中生代伸展环境中存在间歇性挤压的构造活动有重要意义。     

中新经济走廊地质矿产特征及找矿潜力

中新经济走廊纵贯东南亚中南半岛,地处全球著名的特提斯成矿域,矿产资源丰富,但资源勘查开发水平滞后,成为中国"一带一路"战略实施的优选地区之一。该区一大批矿床的发现和一系列新矿山的陆续建成投产,必将为区域经济发展和社会进步注入新的活力。通过对中新经济走廊的大型或代表性矿床的地质特征和成矿背景的总结,并对研究区主要矿床的成矿作用、成矿模式及找矿潜力进行讨论,旨在提高对中新经济走廊矿产资源重要性的认识水平,进而为实施"一带一路"战略在东南亚地区的工作部署提供科学依据。     

Structural styles of Albian rafts in the Espírito Santo Basin (SE Brazil): Evidence for late raft compartmentalisation on a ‘passive’ continental margin

In recent years, hydrocarbon exploration offshore SE Brazil has been focusing on Lower Cretaceous strata deformed by gravity gliding above Aptian salt. A three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume from the Espírito Santo Basin, SE Brazil is here used to: a) test the parameters considered to control raft tectonics on a margin tectonically reactivated in the Cenozoic, and b) investigate the impact of prolonged halokinesis on raft deformation. Offshore Espírito Santo, the combined effects of halokinesis and multiple (Andean) tectonic phases are expressed by local collapse, fault reactivation and late segmentation of Albian rafts. As a result of this deformation we observe four main raft geometries: a) rolled-over rafts, b) tabular rafts, c) collapsed rafts, and d) folded and tilted rafts on the flanks of salt rollers. This work shows that salt rollers formed buttresses to moving Albian-Cenomanian rafts, with withdrawal of salt from underneath some of the rafts leading to their collapse and welding onto pre-salt strata. This process occurred in the studied part of the Espírito Santo Basin with minimum control of post-raft overburden thickness on raft compartmentalisation. Salt withdrawal from underneath the rafts is an important phenomenon as it enhanced connectivity between pre-salt and post-salt units, potentially promoting the migration of hydrocarbons from syn-rift source units into post-salt reservoirs.     

Private provision of public information in tuna fisheries

Private enumeration of landings data and traceability is an emerging phenomena in developing world tuna fisheries. The general goal of these systems is to facilitate compliance with mandatory market requirements such as the European Union’s Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fisheries regulation, as well as support aspirations for voluntary requirements such as the Marine Stewardship Council. The long-term success of these systems appears to be dependent on their ability to complement and extend government data and information systems. Developing and maintaining the credibility of these voluntary private enumeration and traceability systems requires strong market incentives as well as strong state support and assurance. If this credibility can be maintained private fisheries information systems may provide a promising basis for innovative stock assessment and management approaches relevant for complex developing world fisheries such as tuna.     

基于地学知识的大尺度土地利用/土地覆盖精细化分类方法研究

人类活动对生态环境具有显著影响,大尺度土地利用/覆盖变化（Land Use/Cover Change,LUCC）作为人类活动最直接的表征,能够很好地反映这一过程,因此进行精确而迅速的大尺度土地利用/覆盖分类与提取方法研究尤为关键。全球覆盖产品GlobCover（2005/2006）数据已经具有良好的空间精度和数据准确度,但仍然存在一些分类误差。为提高地表覆被分类精度,本文以GlobCover（2005/2006）的巴西数据为例,以2005年Landsat TM/ETM影像为主要信息源,结合相应地学知识与辅助数据,利用人机交互逐栅格修改方法得到2005年土地利用数据产品。结果表明：通过对GlobCover数据和本次成果数据进行精度评价与对比分析,GlobCover数据巴西地区的总体精度为67.17%,Kappa系数为0.58,改进后产品总体精度为93.39%,Kappa系数为0.91。此外,改进后数据显示巴西常绿阔叶林面积最大,面积比例达45.67%;农地/自然植被镶嵌面积次之,比例为19.19%;封闭灌丛面积最小,比例为12.34%。农地/自然植被镶嵌和灌丛与草地2种地类的修改比例最大,其中混合像元地类比例减少3.54%,灌丛与草地比例增加3.81%。综上,改进方法可以有效地提高土地利用/覆盖分类的效率和精度,为后续大尺度LUCC产品的制作和以LUCC产品为基础的相关研究提供参考。     

中国东南大陆边缘中新生代地幔柱活动的岩石学记录

东南大陆边缘华北陆块与扬子陆块的碰撞造山以及华夏陆块西南部离散块体拼合（230 ～150 Ma） ,是受中特提斯消减作用的影响,其后叠加了古太平洋对古欧亚大陆的伸展—走滑—扩张（145 ～70Ma） ,新生代后研究区进入了大陆裂谷期。从晚中生代—新生代,岩浆来源由上地壳源—中下地壳源—大陆岩石圈地幔源—软流圈地幔源,构成了一个漫长而巨大的构造岩浆旋回。145±5Ma和20±5Ma两次重要的地质转换是联系板块构造和幔柱构造的纽带。     

台湾海峡地区横向构造及其对东南沿海地震的作用

台湾海峡两岸存在一系列断续分布、横贯台湾海峡的NW向断裂,研究表明为一系列具有走滑运动的横向构造,根据地壳运动、区域变形和断裂特征分为巴士断裂带、台中-晋江断裂带和宁德-三貂角断裂带。中部的台中-晋江断裂带是一条控制地壳运动南北差异的重要分界断裂,断裂带以北的东南沿海北部和台湾北部地壳整体向东运动,与琉球俯冲带右行走滑运动方向基本相同,形成一致的变形取向;断裂带以南处于华南地块与菲律宾海板块相向运动挤压变形环境,地壳变形比北部强烈。东南沿海地震强度增强趋势、地震南强北弱与该应变场和横向走滑有关:(1)由于该断裂以南比以北地区应力应变场变化大,多场耦合复杂,耦合程度降低,造成蠕动变形不均产生应力闭锁,孕育地震发生。(2)福建东部比台湾海峡地壳均一性差、地球物理场变化明显,组成更为复杂的多元、多场耦合,耦合场稳定性差,容易受横向构造活动干扰,产生弹性变形而孕育地震强度增强。     

The Serra da Graciosa A-type Granites and Syenites, southern Brazil: Part 2: Petrographic and mineralogical evolution of the alkaline and aluminous associations

The Serra da Graciosa Granites and Syenites comprise five distinct plutons in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Graciosa A-type Province, southern Brazil. Six petrographic series can be identified in these plutons: (1) Alkaline series 1, composed of amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar syenites with varied mafic mineralogy and quartz contents, from alkali feldspar syenites with calcic amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine and allanite to alkali feldspar quartz syenites with sodic–calcic amphibole and chevkinite–perrierite and to alkali feldspar granites with sodic amphibole; (2) Alkaline series 2, characterized by amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar granites, with limited modal variations but amphibole compositions also varying from calcic to sodic; (3) Alkaline series 3, of limited occurrence, which includes alkali feldspar syenites with olivine and clinopyroxene and no amphibole; (4) Aluminous series 1, of widespread occurrence, with various petrographic facies of biotite granites with amphibole; (5) Aluminous series 2, characterized by alkali feldspar granites with biotite and only minor amphibole; (6) Monzodiorites, typically with biotite, calcic amphibole and augitic clinopyroxene, partially mingled with granitic magmas. The mafic minerals present are, in general, Fe-rich with correspondingly low Mg and Al contents. In Alkaline series 1, amphiboles crystallized in progressively more oxidizing and alkaline conditions, while in Alkaline series 2, the initial conditions were somewhat more oxidizing and shifted to reducing in the final stages. In Aluminous series 1 and Aluminous series 2, amphiboles are calcic and comparatively homogeneous. The amphiboles in the monzodioritic rocks, while also homogeneous, are more Mg-rich and show compositions quite distinct from the calcic varieties in the other associations, and this is also the case for clinopyroxene. Mg# in biotite decreases from the monzodioritic rocks to Aluminous series 1 and further to Aluminous series 2. Contrasting evolution of the various associations suggests that several coeval magmatic series are present in the Serra da Graciosa granites.     

Compilation of serial maps on karst geology of China and Southeast Asia

The compilation of serial maps of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia is a project under the “One Belt One Road” geological survey plan granted by China Geological Survey. This paper summarized the research trend of geoscientific mapping in China and Southeast Asia and introduced the significance, contents, technical routes, operating methods and progress of the project. Through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, this project builded an international cooperation platform for mapping and completes the preliminary compilation of related karst geological maps in China and Southeast Asia, thus filling up the blank of karst geological maps in this region.