Shallow groundwater dynamics in North China Plain

The groundwater level of 39 observation wells including 35 unconfined wells and 4 confined wells from 2004 to 2006 in North China Plain (NCP) was monitored using automatic groundwater monitoring data loggers KADEC-MIZU II of Japan. The automatic groundwater sensors were installed for the corporation project between China and Japan. Combined with the monitoring results from 2004 to 2006 with the major factors affecting the dynamic patterns of groundwater, such as topography and landform, depth of groundwater level, exploitation or discharge extent, rivers and lakes, the dynamic regions of NCP groundwater were gotten. According to the dynamic features of groundwater in NCP, six dynamic patterns of groundwater level were identified, including discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, lateral recharge– runoff–discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, recharge–discharge pattern in the central channel zone, precipitation infiltration–evaporation pattern in the shallow groundwater region of the central plain, lateral recharge–evaporation pattern in the recharge-affected area along the Yellow River and infiltration–discharge–evaporation pattern in the littoral plain. Based on this, the groundwater fluctuation features of various dynamic patterns were interpreted and the influencing factors of different dynamic patterns were compared.     

改革开放以来江苏省区域空间结构变化

以县 (市 )域作为空间结构研究的点要素 ,对江苏省区域发展差异进行定量研究 ,分析了空间结构时空演变的区域发展原因。研究结果表明 :江苏区域发展在 2 0世纪 80年代 ,以域面要素变化为主　 90年代 ,以空间点要素变化为主。最后 ,通过分析江苏区域发展差异的空间机制得出 :当前各轴线的地位差异显著 ,以沿江轴线为主 ;各地空间结构发育程度存在差异 ,苏南以沪宁线为主要轴线 ,处于由轴线向网络化发展阶段 ,苏中处于由点向轴线发展的阶段 ,苏北处于增长极发展阶段     

干旱区典型绿洲热场分布规律研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

 全球气候变暖给整个地球的生态环境带来巨大的影响,在全球气候变暖背景下,绿洲热场的变化严重影响绿洲的生态稳定性,利用遥感卫星影像来监测热场分布规律具有很强的现实意义。采用Landsat7 ETM+热红外波段定量反演晴空状态下干旱区典型绿洲地表真实温度,运用影像叠加分析、直方图比对、缓冲区分析、空间自相关分析及剖面线分析方法,分析其热场分布规律。结果表明,绿洲热场分布具有显著的正的空间自相关特性,Moran’s I值为0.5489,z检验值为48.44,同时呈现出显著的局部空间集聚现象; 就全局而言,热场分布规律为水体温度<耕地温度<林草地温度<城镇温度<裸地温度<盐碱地温度,均温分别为21.65 ℃、27.86 ℃、35.59 ℃、36.52 ℃、40.06 ℃、42.07 ℃; 就局部而言,盐碱地温度低于周边裸地温度,盐碱地平均温度比周边300 m、900 m、1 500 m缓冲区裸地的均温分别低0.59 ℃、0.44 ℃、0.26 ℃。水体、城镇、盐碱地、裸地的温度波动较小,热力景观单一,热场分布均匀,而耕地和林草地的温度梯度大,热力景观复杂多样,热场分布极不均匀。绿洲荒漠交错带的面积较大,它可以降低荒漠对绿洲的热力侵蚀,对保护绿洲有重要作用。     

夏季流经东沙群岛北侧的一支偏西向海流

主要根据1992年8月中国科学院南海海洋研究所和香港理工大学合作进行的“南海环流试验”的调查资料，并引用中国科学院南海海洋研究所1982年7月、1985年8月在南海东北部的调查资料、黑潮合作调查（CSK）的资料，通过温、盐度分布特征的分析，并结合动力计算结果，指出夏季在南海东沙群岛北侧存在着一偏西向海流，它的流动路径与文献[5－7]中所说的南海黑潮分支的流动路径显著不同。对夏季南海海流的三维数值模拟也得到了相似的结果。     

沙漠边缘地区果园幼树越冬技术措施的研究

调控２年生苹果树灌水次数、时期和土壤管理试验，使７月下旬１００ｃｍ上层含水量为土壤田间持水量的５０％左右，促进幼树根系向下生长、新梢适时停止生长、提早进入休眠准备；１０月上旬冬灌，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，使苹果幼树正常越冬率由对照的５２．４％提高到９７．１％，差异极显著。     

甘肃武都龙家沟盆地地层时代及发育特征

根据化石组合，龙家沟盆地的地层可划分为中侏罗统龙家沟组，上白垩统及上中新统保德组。龙家沟组是盆地的主体沉积，含有多层煤层及油页岩。保德组中发现有我国著名的“龙家沟三趾马动物群”．是保德期庙梁亚期的主要代表动物群之一。     

珠江口盆地的沉积充填与珠江的形成演变

沉积物元素地球化学分析表明,南海北部地区沉积物渐新统与中新统明显不同,两者之间存在物源突变事件。这一沉积地质事件在时间上与南海扩张轴发生跳跃、滇西高原以及东喜马拉雅构造结的快速隆升等一系列地质构造事件十分吻合,是珠江以及珠江口盆地搬运—沉积—充填演化史上一次重大的转变。Ca/Si、CIA以及Al₂O₃等参数变化显示,珠江侵蚀区极有可能由渐新世近源硅酸盐为主的华南沿海地区拓展为中新世远达青藏高原东麓的云贵高原碳酸盐为主的地区,流域范围突然扩大。同时伴随沉积物供给增大,造成珠江口盆地从渐新世富砂为主的沉积堆积体系转变为中新世以来以泥为主的沉积堆积体系,显示出珠江的发育演化以及中新世以来的青藏高原隆升在南海北部的沉积充填演变中扮演了重要角色,对南海北部地区油气藏的形成影响深远。     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China

The Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ³⁴S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ³⁴S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ³⁴S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ³He/⁴He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.     

Comparison of the Ordovician-Carboniferous Boundary Between Korea and NE China: Implications for Correlation and Tectonic Evolution

There is a great hiatus between Ordovician and Carboniferous strata in the Northeast China and Korean Peninsula. In order to understand geology and tectonic evolution, and to find out the similarities and differences in both regions, two sections in the Western Hill near Beijing in NE China and several sections in the Korean Peninsula were selected to examine their geologic boundaries between Lower and Upper Paleozoic strata to compare their characteristic features. At four sites in the two sections in the Western Hill near Beijing were examined their contact relations. The Hui Yu section is the same horizon where one site is top of a quarry hill and the other of down hill. Mid-Carboniferous Qingshuijian Formation rests on the Ordovician Majiagou Formation. Limestone beds are more commonly intercalated with shale and sandstone at site 2 of the Hui Yu section, while at site 1, conglomerate beds are dominant. Site 1 of the Se Shu Fen section shows eroded and concealed karst topography and conglomerate beds are intercalated within shale beds. Silurian and Devonian strata are absent in these areas. In the Korean Peninsula, most O-C contacts occur between Ordovician limestone formation and Carboniferous strata, although Silurian strata occur beneath the Carboniferous strata in the Jeongseon area and Pyeongnam Basin. Most contact relations are parallel unconformity and angular unconformity is rarely seen. The O-C relations in both regions are similar to each other, and these indicate that the Korean Peninsula was located near or belonged to the Sino-Korean paraplatform during Paleozoic time.     

下江群沉积地质特征及其对华南新元古代构造演化的约束

华南西部新元古代裂陷纪大地构造属性和原型盆地性质是一个涉及到扬子古陆在全球构造中的定位、且争议较大的基础地质问题.新元古代下江群发育于强变形变质的盐边群和弱变形变质的板溪群之间,处于以滨浅海沉积为主的板溪群向深海沉积转化的过渡带内.下江群以浊流沉积的杂砂岩为主,沉积物扩散方向指向西.下江群清水江组砂岩骨架颗粒统计分析表明,物源来自再旋回造山带.常量元素地球化学特征显示,下江群碎屑岩系形成于活动陆缘区的弧后盆地靠大陆一侧.结合盐边群、苏雄组大地构造属性及其与下江群的空间关系,推测当时的华南西部处于汇聚型板块边缘内,总体属弧后伸展型盆地.