http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000668

Microbial diversity in the hydrate-containing (sites SH3B and SH7B) and-free (sites SH1B, SH5B, SH5C) sediments collected from the Shenhu area of the South China Sea (SCS) was investigated using 16S rR...     

Deep Structure and Dynamics of Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Ocean of the Northern South China Sea

To study the deep dynamic mechanism leading to the difference in rifting pattern and basin structure from shelf to oceanic basin in passive continental margin,we constructed long geological sections across the shelf,slope and oceanic basin using new seismic data.Integrated gravity-magnetic inversion and interpretation of these sections were made with the advanced dissection method.Results show that the basement composition changes from intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the sheff to intermediate-basic rocks in the slope.The Moho surface shoals gradually from 31 km in the sheff to 22.5 km in the uplift and then 19 km in the slope and finally to 13 km in the oceanic basin.The crust thickness also decreases gradually from 30 km in the northern fault belt to 9 km in the oceanic basin.The crustal stretching factor increases from the shelf toward the oceanic basin,with the strongest extension under the sags and the oceanic basin.The intensity of mantle upwelling controlled the style of basin structures from sheff to oceanic basin.In the Zhu 1 depression on the shelf,the crust is nearly normal,the brittle and cold upper crust mainly controlled the fault development;so the combinative grabens with single symmetric graben are characteristic.In the slope,the crust thinned with a large stretching factor,affected by the mantle upwelling.The ductile deformation controlled the faults,so there developed an asymmetric complex graben in the Baiyun (白云) sag.     

工业革命以来南海珊瑚钙化生长对海洋升温的响应

珊瑚礁不仅滋养着近1/3的海洋生物, 同时也贡献了近一半的浅海碳酸盐沉积, 在海洋碳循环中扮演重要角色。然而, 在"CO2问题"的影响下, 珊瑚钙化受到来自海洋升温和酸化的双重胁迫, 致使珊瑚礁生态系统遭受到严重的扰动。我国南海由北至南分布有大量的珊瑚礁, 在近几十年来活珊瑚覆盖率和生物多样性都呈现退化的趋势, 但尚不清楚珊瑚钙化是否也同样受到气候变化的干扰而处于退化状态。本研究汇集了目前已报道的南海滨珊瑚钙化生长的重建记录, 分别对海南岛、西沙和南沙典型珊瑚礁区的滨珊瑚钙化生长演变特征进行了对比分析, 探讨了工业革命以来南海珊瑚钙化对海水温度变化的响应情况。研究结果表明, 南海近岸和离岸的滨珊瑚骨骼密度均呈现长期下降的趋势; 而骨骼生长速率呈现多年代际的波动变化, 近50年以来仅在西沙显示出下降趋势, 这使得珊瑚综合的钙化速率在西沙和南沙均出现明显退化。进一步分析表明, 海水温度对南海滨珊瑚钙化生长有显著影响, 并且不同海域的背景温度决定着珊瑚骨骼生长对海表温度变化的响应情况。具体来说, 西沙和南沙的滨珊瑚骨骼密度受温度影响显著, 随着海温升高而逐渐降低, 而骨骼生长速率和钙化速率对温度变化并无明显响应。与前两者不同, 海南东部滨珊瑚的骨骼密度与温度变化关系并不显著, 而其骨骼生长速率和钙化速率受升温影响而有升高的趋势。这些差异可能反映了海南岛较低的冬季温度限制了珊瑚骨骼的钙化生长, 因此升温对珊瑚生长有促进作用; 而西沙和南沙海域的冬季温度均保持在适宜珊瑚生长的温度范围, 且夏季温度较高, 因此温度的升高可能限制了珊瑚钙化生长。     

南海北部海区软骨鱼类种类组成和资源密度分布

根据2006～2007年南海北部海区4季的调查资料,分析该海区软骨鱼类的种类组成和资源密度的分布．结果表明,软骨鱼类有32种,分隶于9目17科,优势种为斑鳐、曾氏兔银鲛、褐黄扁缸、橙黄鲨;渔获率D断面最高（10．19kg／h）,B断面最低（4．52kg／h）;渔获率有明显的季节变动,夏季最高（12．16kg／h）,秋季最低（3．71kg／h）,平均渔获率为7．05kg／h;密集分布于180m和140m水深处;其年均资源密度为94．00kg／km^2．文中并讨论合理利用和保护该类群的措施．     

龙门山断裂带南段地壳电性特征: 来自速度结构约束下大地电磁反演的证据

龙门山断裂带区域内大震频发、构造运动活跃, 其地史演化与隆升动力学机制一直未有定论.2013年4月20日雅安大地震后, 于小金至雅安段布设了一条垂直于龙门山构造带长约200 km的大地电磁剖面.为了克服龙门山地形起伏影响, 同时增强大地电磁反演的垂向分辨率, 本文采用宽角折/反射地震走时反演获得的速度模型作为结构约束, 通过交叉梯度项引入大地电磁非线性共轭梯度二维反演, 实现了考虑地形的速度结构约束大地电磁二维算法.设计地堑-地垒模型进行合成数据反演试算, 结果显示基于速度结构约束的带地形二维大地电磁反演算法能够减少由地形影响引起的假异常, 同时对异常体边界轮廓的刻画更加清晰.实测数据未加地震资料约束的大地电磁二维反演结果, 具有明显"低-高-低"的宏观电性特征, 与前人结果基本吻合.本文将新算法应用于实测数据反演的结果表明: 松潘—甘孜地块下方包含两部分低阻异常带, 并有相互连通趋势.西侧低阻体埋深更深, 分布于15~45 km范围内, 顶部有通道延伸至地表; 东侧低阻体相对变浅, 向东逐渐延伸至高阻异常体之上, 具有向扬子地体逆冲推覆的趋势.龙门山构造带薄皮盖层下方大规模高阻异常体厚约50 km, 以Moho面为底界, 且呈现北西倾向的特征, 与人工地震资料推测的龙门山三条主断裂的深部延伸的产状一致.     

Late Cenozoic transpressional ductile deformation north of the Nazca–South America–Antarctica triple junction

The southern Andes plate boundary zone records a protracted history of bulk transpressional deformation during the Cenozoic, which has been causally related to either oblique subduction or ridge collision. However, few structural and chronological studies of regional deformation are available to support one hypothesis or the other. We address along- and across-strike variations in the nature and timing of plate boundary deformation to better understand the Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Andes.Two east–west structural transects were mapped at Puyuhuapi and Aysén, immediately north of the Nazca–South America–Antarctica triple junction. At Puyuhuapi (44°S), north–south striking, high-angle contractional and strike-slip ductile shear zones developed from plutons coexist with moderately dipping dextral-oblique shear zones in the wallrocks. In Aysén (45–46°), top to the southwest, oblique thrusting predominates to the west of the Cenozoic magmatic arc, whereas dextral strike-slip shear zones develop within it.New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar data from mylonites and undeformed rocks from the two transects suggest that dextral strike-slip, oblique-slip and contractional deformation occurred at nearly the same time but within different structural domains along and across the orogen. Similar ages were obtained on both high strain pelitic schists with dextral strike-slip kinematics (4.4±0.3 Ma, laser on muscovite–biotite aggregates, Aysén transect, 45°S) and on mylonitic plutonic rocks with contractional deformation (3.8±0.2 to 4.2±0.2 Ma, fine-grained, recrystallized biotite, Puyuhuapi transect). Oblique-slip, dextral reverse kinematics of uncertain age is documented at the Canal Costa shear zone (45°S) and at the Queulat shear zone at 44°S. Published dates for the undeformed protholiths suggest both shear zones are likely Late Miocene or Pliocene, coeval with contractional and strike-slip shear zones farther north. Coeval strike-slip, oblique-slip and contractional deformation on ductile shear zones of the southern Andes suggest different degrees of along- and across-strike deformation partitioning of bulk transpressional deformation.The long-term dextral transpressional regime appears to be driven by oblique subduction. The short-term deformation is in turn controlled by ridge collision from 6 Ma to present day. This is indicated by most deformation ages and by a southward increase in the contractional component of deformation. Oblique-slip to contractional shear zones at both western and eastern margins of the Miocene belt of the Patagonian batholith define a large-scale pop-up structure by which deeper levels of the crust have been differentially exhumed since the Pliocene at a rate in excess of 1.7 mm/year.     

南海北部自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构和生物多样性

A quantitative study on the community structure and biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes and their relationship with environmental factors in the northern South China Sea were carried out based...     

华南三水盆地白垩纪—早第三纪古纬度漂移与南海演化

本文主要依据三水盆地古地磁数据所反映的华南地块的古纬度漂移讨论南海的演化模式。结果认为,华南在南海的形成演化中居主导地位,南海基本上是晚白垩世至中新世期间通过华南的南漂及其后的北向回漂过程中,华南大陆南部的拉张、断裂、解体并自东向西扩展的方式形成的,而南海中散布的微大陆碎块则是在华南回漂时被滞留下来的。演化过程中,其周缘菲律宾岛弧自南向北漂,直到上新世后才构成南海的东界;印支地块则仅起转换边界作用;加里曼丹则基本土没有明显的漂移。     

海洋沉积物微量元素地球化学特征对天然气水合物勘探的指示意义

天然气水合物与资源和全球环境变化等重大科学问题密切相关。前期关于甲烷渗漏区地球化学特征的研究主要集中于浅表层沉积物（＜20 m）,而浅层沉积物（＞20 m）地球化学特征知之甚少。为探讨海洋浅层沉积物微量元素特征与天然气水合物勘探的相关关系,对南海神狐海域沉积物进行了4个站位的钻探取样,分析了样品主、微量元素和有机碳地球化学特征,并采用氧化还原状态以及Mo与TOC相关关系的分析方法进行探讨。结果显示,沉积物主量元素特征主要受到陆源碎屑物质输入的主导,与天然气水合物富集无明显关系。水合物赋存段及附近沉积物中Ba和Mo元素高度富集,存在明显的“Ba峰”和“Mo峰”,主要是由于天然气水合物分解释放大量甲烷产生的硫化环境所导致。因此,沉积物中的Ba和Mo富集特征可作为识别可能存在天然气水合物分布的重要地球化学指标。     

南海北部最小含氧带水下滑翔机观测结果初步分析*

最小含氧带(Oxygen Minimum Zone, OMZ)是指海洋中层水体处存在的稳定的溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen, DO)极小值层, OMZ的分布与变化对南海生态系统和生地化循环具有重要意义。本文利用2019年7—9月“海翼”号水下滑翔机(Sea-wing Glider)在南海北部陆坡区的组网观测数据, 对南海北部陆坡区OMZ的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果显示, 在垂向上, 研究区域内DO极小值层出现在深度约700~900m处, 其浓度约为80~100μmol·L^-1, 且700~900m深度范围内DO浓度变化不大, 形成了厚度约为200m的OMZ。在水平方向上, OMZ自陆坡西南部起向东北方向延伸, 厚度由西南至东北逐渐变薄, 整体呈楔形分布, 并在靠近吕宋海峡处逐渐消失。此外, 本研究还选取了两台水下滑翔机7—8月连续两周内的观测数据, 经计算显示, OMZ区域内的DO浓度在跨陆坡方向上的平均变化速率为0.023μmol·L^-1·d^-1(增加), 在沿陆坡方向上为-0.034μmol·L^-1·d^-1(减少)。沿吕宋海峡入侵南海的高氧水能够解释OMZ东北部DO浓度局部升高的现象, OMZ的分布特征和形成原因与海水的平流运动、水团分布和水体层化等物理过程, 以及生物呼吸、有机物分解和还原性物质的氧化等多种影响因素有关。