长江口北翼海滨地区海水入侵的地球化学特征初步研究

利用2009年2月和8月两次在长江口北部滨海地区地下水调查取得水化学数据,综合运用数理统计法、Piper三线图法,分析长江口北翼滨海平原海水入侵区浅层地下水的地球化学特征,识别不同季节浅层地下水水化学类型的特征.研究结果表明:(1)研究区地下水主要靠大气降水及地表水体渗透补给,季节变化对区域内地下水水化学空间变异性影响...     

沈阳市不同功能区地表土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征研究

采用高效液相色谱法对沈阳市地表土壤中的多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs）进行了定量分析,研究了沈阳市地表土壤中PAHs在不同功能区的含量及分布特征。结果表明：从土壤PAHs总量来看,居民区最低,其次是商业区,交通干道、文教区和公园排在商业区之后,工业区的PAHs总量最多;从PAHs的空间差异来看,靠近工业区以及机动车车流量较大的地区PAHs含量较高,靠近文教区和居住区的地区PAHs含量较低;从PAHs种类来看,所有功能区样品中PAHs的组分分布状况较为一致,以四环PAHs含量最多,其次是五环PAHs和三环PAHs;参考美国EPA沉积物PAHs质量标准和治理标准,沈阳市内五区PAHs总量超过质量标准的功能区有工业区、交通干道（4个采样点,占比36.3%）、文教区（3个采样点,占比75%）和公园区（4个采样点,占比40%）,超过治理标准的功能区有工业区,公园区（1个采样点,占比10%）,文教区（1个采样点,25%）。     

章丘市增减挂钩试点工作探析

章丘市严格规范增减挂钩试点程序,积极走群众自主、自愿、自治的路子,突出"四个创新",实现"四个突破",坚持"五项制度",保障农民群众的知情权、参与权、监督权,真正让农民群众得到实惠,实现了拆迁前农民群众同意、拆迁中农民群众高兴、拆迁整理后农民群众满意的目标。     

环新疆经济圈视角下新疆主体功能区划分研究

环新疆经济圈是以中国新疆为中心区域构建的经济圈,为新疆主体功能区的划分和建设提供了全新的视角.从资源承载能力、开发密度和发展潜力三大方面选择指标,利用因子分析等现代统计分析方法,在调研数据的基础上实证研究新疆主体功能区的划分问题,并以县级区域为单位将新疆划分为重点开发区、限制开发区、禁止开发区和战略后备区.基于环新疆经济圈视角做出的新疆主体功能区划分结论为当前新疆实施的跨越式发展和跨国区域经济合作提供了重要的参考依据.     

城市低碳消费模式的选择

从全球气候变暖、资源枯竭以及发达国家完成了工业化与城市化进程3个方面,分析了低碳消费产生的社会历史背景;根据低碳经济的内涵,提出了城市低碳消费模式选择的"科学、节约、环保、愉悦"原则。城市低碳消费模式具体体现在生产性和非生产性两大领域,前者是指从事物质资料和有形产品的生产部门,后者是指第三产业、政府管理与公共服务、居民生活3个部门。建设低碳城市,必须树立正确的消费观念,并从社会、经济、制度、法律、政策等多个层面开展工作。     

北京城市边缘区典型乡镇发展有序协调度研究

大城市边缘区是人口、用地、经济、社会和生态等发展最无序的区域。基于城市边缘区有序协调发展的机理,综合运用影响程度法、层次分析法和专家评判法等方法,从时间、空间、数量和功能4个维度上评价并分析北京城市边缘区3个典型乡镇(旧宫镇、长陵镇和永清镇)发展的有序协调程度。研究结果表明,旧宫镇的有序协调程度最高,其次是长陵镇,永清镇最低。     

略论美国小都市区

在美国预算与管理总署于2000年推出的核心基础统计区（CBSA）里,首次出现了小都市统计区概念,成为与大都市统计区概念并列的的一个新城市化发展衡量标尺。小都市区概念能够扩充人们对非大都市区内在多样性的认识,增强对美国整体城市化水平的了解,其应用到实际,就是美国本土都市区地域面积首次超过农村地区,标志着美国城市化已进入全方位发展阶段。     

中国贫困地区类型划分及开发研究提要报告

从区域的角度,将我国贫困地区划分为6大类21个区,并对各类地区的特点,问题和发展方向进行了分析,为我国贫困地区的经济开发规划提供了依据。     

Experimental study of water fluxes in a residential area: 1. Rainfall,roof runoff and evaporation: the effect of slope and aspect

An experimental study of water fluxes from roofs in a residential area has quantified water fluxes from different types of roof and identified the major controls on the process. Roofs with pitches of 0°, 22° and 50° and orientations of 15° (from true north) (NNE) and 103° (ESE) were selected. A novel automatic system for monitoring has been developed. Noticeable differences in rainfall, runoff and evaporation were found for different roof slopes, aspects and heights. Depending on height, flat roofs collected 90 to 99% of rainfall recorded at ground level. Roofs with a 22° slope; facing south‐south‐west (i.e. facing the prevailing wind) captured most rain, whereas east‐south‐east facing roofs with slopes of 50° received the least. Depending on the roof slope, the average rainfall captured ranged from 62 to 93% of that at ground level. For the same slope, the results indicated that from roofs orientated normal to the prevailing wind; (i) captured rainfall was higher, (ii) evaporation was higher and (iii) runoff was less than that from roofs having other aspects. Monthly variations in the runoff–rainfall ratio followed the rainfall distribution, being lowest in summer and highest in winter. The highest mean ratio (0·91) was associated with the steeper roof slope; the lowest ratio (0·61) was for roofs facing the prevailing wind direction. For the same amount of rainfall, the runoff generated from a steeper roof was significantly higher than that generated by a moderate roof slope, but the lowest runoff was from roofs facing the prevailing wind. The results have also shown that the amount of runoff collected (under UK climatic condition) was sufficient to supply an average household in the studied area with the major part of its annual water requirements. The use of this water not only represents a financial gain for house owners but also will help protect the environment by reducing demand on water resources through the reduction of groundwater abstraction, construction of new reservoirs, and a reduction of the flood risk as its in situ use is considered a preventive measure known as a source control. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pollen‐inferred palaeoclimate reconstructions in mountain areas: problems and perspectives

Transfer functions are an efficient tool for the quantitative reconstruction of past climate from low to mid‐elevation pollen sites. However, the application of existing methods to high‐altitude pollen assemblages frequently leads to unrealistic results. In the aim of understanding the causes of these biases, the standard ‘best modern analogue’ method has been applied to two high‐altitude pollen sequences to provide quantitative climate estimates for the Lateglacial and Holocene periods. Both pollen sequences (Laghi dell'Orgials, 2130 m, SW aspect and Lago delle Fate, 2240 m, E aspect) are located in the subalpine belt, on opposing sides of the St. Anna di Vinadio Valley (Italian Maritime Alps). Different results were obtained from the two sequences. The largest differences occurred in palaeotemperature reconstruction, with notable differences in both the values and trends at each site. These biases may be attributed to: (1) a lack of high elevation ‘best modern analogues’ in the database of modern samples; (2) the problem of pollen taxa that have multiple climatic significance; (3) problems related to the complexity of mountainous ecosystems, such as the phenomenon of uphill transport of tree pollen by wind. Possible improvements to the reconstruction process are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.