Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand

While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally.     

江西北部岩溶地貌陆生贝类物种多样性

作者于2013年5月至6月调查了位于江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类63种及亚种(含5个未定种),分别隶属于12科21属,其中1个新种,即石钟山弯螺(Sinoennea shizhongshanensis sp.nov),优势种为雪土鸥螺(Georissa niva)、细纹喇叭螺(Boysidia gracilis)、囊喇叭螺(Boysidia dorsata)和灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida ravida)。区系成分以东洋界成分为主,占总种类数的61.90%。计算了江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类多样性指数,其中Margalef丰富度指数(dMA)为2.205~4.273,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为1.960~3.374,Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)为0.448~0.681。与邻近自然保护区比较,江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类较为丰富,与其他自然保护区物种相似性较低。     

综合物化探方法在深冲矿区铀多金属矿勘探中的应用

通过研究深冲铀矿区γ能谱铀异常、氡浓度异常特征和激电异常特征,探索矿区范围岩体、断裂构造和蚀变带与物化探信息显示特征的关系。据此,结合矿区地质特征,总结物化探方法应用效果,矿致异常综合特征。     

莫桑比克东部沿海锆钛砂矿矿石质量特征——以赞比西亚省5004C矿区为例

滨海砂矿是目前全球最大的潜在海洋矿产资源之一,仅次于石油与天然气。莫桑比克东部沿海滨海砂矿资源丰富,在世界上占有重要地位。该文结合莫桑比克赞比西亚省5004C矿区锆钛砂矿,分析矿石结构与构造、矿石物质组成、矿物含量及变化等矿石质量特征,为莫桑比克东部沿海锆钛砂矿的勘探和开发提供有利信息。     

基于傅里叶变换质谱的烃源岩成熟度评价方法及地质意义

<正>伴随非常规油气资源的勘探开发,油气资源开采的广度和深度进一步扩大,一定程度上缓解了我国油气供需矛盾、保障了我国能源安全,同时有力推动了能源结构战略转型。但同时也对能源地质研究工作提出了新的挑战。有机质成熟度是油气评价的重要参数之一,不同成熟阶段的有机质会对应产出不同成因、不同性质、不同质量的油气,如何准确评价沉积有机质成熟度是当前油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一。前人在科研实践工作中从光学、化学、谱学等角度提出了适用条件各异的成熟度评价方法,在部分地质环境中获得了良好的应用效果,但已有的成熟度指标多受测定方法原理的制约导致其适用性不同程度受限(肖贤明等,2020),制约了油气资源的高质量勘探开发。     

Electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors

Standard methods to identify microbial contaminants in the environment are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. This study investigated electrochemical detection of microbial contaminants using commercially available, hand-held instruments. Electrochemical assays were developed for a red tide dinoflagellate (Karenia brevis), fecal-indicating bacteria (Enterococcus spp.), markers indicative of human sources of fecal pollution (human cluster Bacteroides and the esp gene of Enterococcus faecium), bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus), and a viral pathogen (adenovirus). For K. brevis, two assay formats (Rapid PCR-Detect and Hybrid PCR-Detect) were tested and both provided detection limits of 10 genome equivalents for DNA isolated from K. brevis culture and amplified by PCR. Sensitivity with coastal water samples was sufficient to detect K. brevis that was "present" (相似文献   

可控源音频大地电磁法深部找矿实验效果

为了考查电磁法在探测深部金属矿及地质构造方面的实际效果,用可控源音频大地电磁法分别在埋深为500 m和1 100 m的两个已知隐伏铁、铜矿体上进行了实验工作。实验结果表明地电异常显示了矿体、断层以及岩层接触带的分布。在矿体埋藏深度小于500 m、矿层较厚时,地电异常十分明显;若矿体埋藏深度大于1 000 m,地电异常主要反应了控矿、容矿构造。     

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究。在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要性。     

洼地开采地下水的地质环境效应研究——以天津市黄港洼应急水源地为例

天津市是我国水资源缺乏、人均占有淡水资源最少的城市之一,也是我国地面沉降最为严重的地区之一。地面沉降现已成为天津市的主要地质灾害,并在一定程度上制约着天津城镇的可持续发展。天津市平原区洼地众多,这些洼地大部分是天津市的湿地分布区。在洼地内建设应急地下水水源地,既可以起到为城区供水,缓解城区的地面沉降,又可以改善洼地生态环境的作用。     

西天山喇嘛苏铜矿成矿斑岩的岩石学、地球化学特征及成因探讨

位于西天山别珍套-科古琴晚古生代岛弧西段的喇嘛苏铜矿床是区内最大的铜矿床,与成矿作用有着密切关系的斑岩体为英云闪长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩,是同源岩浆分异演化的产物,且花岗闪长斑岩可能属于岩浆演化晚期的产物。本区成矿斑岩的主量、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征表明,其富集大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损高场强元素,出现了较为明显的Ta、Nb负异常,初始锶同位素ISr和εNd(t=390Ma)值分别为0.7072～0.7076和-0.32～0.17,显示壳幔混合源的特征,利用Sr和Nd同位素估算其源区物质约有50%来源于地壳。岩石地球化学特征指示了其为典型钙碱性火山弧花岗岩,暗示其形成于大陆弧环境。结合区域地质背景,推测本区成矿斑岩是在洋壳俯冲作用下发生部分熔融,交代原先的地幔楔,并混合了部分下地壳的物质,经历分离结晶作用的产物,其形成可能与晚古生代准噶尔洋板块向南的俯冲作用有关。结合东西天山的成矿斑岩的地球化学特征对比研究,岩浆源区的差别可能导致不同类型斑岩型矿床的形成,斑岩型铜矿床的形成较斑岩型钼矿床可能有更少的地壳物质贡献。