Geochronology and geochemistry of the Donglufang porphyry-skarn Mo-Cu deposit in the southern Yidun Terrane and their geological significances

The newly-discovered Donglufang Moe Cu porphyry-skarn deposit is located in the southern Yidun Terrane, southeast Tibet, with more than 80 million tonnes(Mt) of reserves(grading 0.15 wt.% Mo and0.48 wt.% Cu) hosted in Triassic strata and Late Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry. Ree Os dating of molybdenum ore yielded a weighted mean age of 84.9 ± 1.0 Ma and an isochron age of 85.2 ± 0.6 Ma.LA-ICP-MS Ue Pb dating of zircons from the granodiorite porphyry yielded206 Pb/238 U ages ranging from 87.4 Ma to 84.2 Ma with a weighted mean206 Pb/238 U age of 85.1 ±0.5 Ma, indicating a temporal linkage between granitic magmatism and Moe Cu mineralization. Geochemical analyses show that the granodiorite porphyries are I-type granites with Si O_2 contents of 64.3 -66.7 wt.%. These rocks are typically metaluminous with high K_2 O/Na_2 O ratios, low Mg O(1.32 -1.56 wt.%), Cr(5.6 -12.9 ppm), Ni(3.79 -10.81 ppm), Mg#(43 -52) values, and high Sr(304 -844 ppm), Sr/Y(21.2 -50.8) and La/Yb ratios(37.0 -60.1). They are enriched in light rare-earth elements(LREE) relative to heavy rare-earth elements(HREE), with slightly negative Eu anomalies, and are enriched in Th, U and large ion lithophile elements(LILE, e.g., K and Rb), and depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). They also show negative zircon εHf(t) values(-6.7 to -2.3) and negative whole rock εNd(t) values(à5.2 to-4.3), as well as old Hfe Nd model ages, indicating the magmas were derived from a thickened ancient lower crust within the garneteamphibolite facies. Considering the tectonic evolution of the Yidun Terrane, geochemical characteristics of granodiorite porphyry, and the ages of mineralization obtained in this study. We suggest that the Donglufang deposit was formed in a post-collisional setting, which has a genetic relationship with the emplacement of the granodiorite porphyry. The present study provide key information for the exploration of the Late Cretaceous metallogeny in the Yidun Terrane.     

Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: Major and trace element characteristics, Sr–Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution

The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous.     

滇西南昌宁—孟连带和澜沧江带古特提斯多岛洋构造演化

昌宁—孟连带位于保山—耿马和思茅一临沧地块之间,保存有多种缝合带记录和罕见的泥盆纪至中三叠世连续洋盆沉积序列,代表古特提斯多岛洋主支部位,临沧地块很可能是一个亲冈瓦纳的外来地体,晚二叠世前增生到思茅地块西缘。因此,澜沧江带和昌宁—孟连带晚二叠世前属于同一个洋盆,向南与泰国北部难河—程逸缝合带连接。古特提斯的最后封闭发生于晚印支期,以后又遭受新特提斯阶段喜马拉雅期构造运动的强烈影响。     

松潘－甘孜南部玛孜措石英闪长岩的地球 化学特征、同位素年龄及其构造意义

玛孜措石英闪长岩体位于松潘 甘孜地体南部的甘孜地体内,地处鲜水河断裂带西南侧。岩体具高钾（3.53%~3.86%）、富钙（4.91%~6.07%）、贫铝（14.60%~15.24%）,铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0.80~0.89）偏低的特征,岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土中度富集,δEu介于0.46~0.53之间,Eu中度亏损,岩石（87Sr/86Sr）i比值介于0.707407~0.707640,表明岩浆起源于壳 幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。在微量元素构造环境判别图上,样品都落在岛弧区,反映了石英闪长岩具有与岛弧型花岗岩相似的地球化学性质。岩体具较高的Rb（60.1×10-6~85.9×10-6）、Cs（4.01×10-6~19.62×10-6）含量和K2O/Na2O比值（1.31~1.82）,反映源区可能与黑云母的脱水熔融有关。玛孜措石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄为221±2.0 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世;而全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为207.0±2.0 Ma（R=0.9979）,显示岩体就位时代为晚三叠世晚期。玛孜措岩体形成于晚三叠世弧后构造环境,是幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物。     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in the Micangshan Foreland,South China

Lying at the junction of the Dabashan,Longmenshan and Qinling mountains,the Micangshan Orogenic Belt coupled with a basin is a duplex structure and back-thrust triangular belt with little horizontal displacement,small thrust faults and continuous sedimentary cover.On the basis of 3D seismic data,and through sedimentary and structural research,the Micangshan foreland can be divided into five subbelts,which from north to south are:basement thrust,frontal thrust,foreland depression-back-thrust triangle,fore...     

胶东晚中生代三期成矿岩体和3. 5 Ga锆石的发现及成矿动力学背景

胶东地区在晚中生代发生了大规模岩浆活动和"爆发式"成矿作用。为了深入研究岩浆活动的时代及其对成矿的影响,本文在对胶东晚中生代花岗岩类侵入岩及大规模成矿作用进行综合分析基础上,选择福山邢家山钼钨矿区、栖霞香夼铅锌矿区和福山王家庄铜矿区,对成矿岩体进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试。测试结果表明,幸福山斑状二长花岗岩体(邢家山矿区)和香夼花岗闪长斑岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为159.3±1.6Ma和130.4±1.2Ma,养虎山石英闪长玢岩体(王家庄矿区)的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为116.1±5.1Ma和119.8±1.8Ma,由此确定了三期岩浆活动及与之相对应的三期成矿事件。在晚侏罗世幸福山岩体中测得了前寒武纪残余锆石的年龄信息,三组年龄分别为3548±12Ma、2472.9～2400Ma和2192～1725Ma,指示岩浆物质来源于前寒武纪结晶基底的再循环作用。3548±12Ma是胶东地区迄今为止获得的最大年龄值,指示胶东地区存在古太古代早期的古老结晶基底。综合分析认为,胶东晚侏罗世岩浆活动和160Ma±的成矿事件是华北克拉通与扬子克拉通碰撞造山后续过程的产物,形成于挤压构造背景;早白垩世早期的岩浆活动及130Ma±成矿事件与太平洋板块俯冲有关,形成于挤压向伸展转化背景;早白垩世中晚期岩浆活动形成于拉张环境,与华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈伸展减薄有关,由此产生的胶东热隆-伸展构造体系,为115Ma±的金、银及有色金属等热液矿床大规模爆发式成矿提供了有利成矿条件。     

Phase equilibria and metamorphic evolution of garnet‐mica‐plagioclase gneisses from the Qiliping terrane in the western Dabie Orogen,central China

The extensive gneisses in the high‐pressure and ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic terrane in the Dabie‐Sulu orogen usually show no evidence of eclogite‐facies metamorphism. The garnet‐mica‐plagioclase gneisses from the Qiliping region in the western Dabie Orogen, comprise garnet, phengite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile, ilmenite, chlorite, epidote, and hornblende. The garnet porphyroblasts, with inclusions of quartz, epidote, and rutile, exhibit slight compositional zonations, from core to mantle with an increase in pyrope and a decrease in spessartine, and from mantle to rim with a decrease in pyrope and grossular and an increase in spessartine. The high‐Si phengite indicates that the gneisses may be subjected to a high‐pressure metamorphism. By the P–T pseudosections calculated in a system NCKMnFMASHTO (Na₂O‐CaO‐K₂O‐MnO‐FeO‐MgO‐Al₂O₃‐SiO₂‐H₂O‐TiO₂‐O) for two representative samples, the metamorphic P–T path, reconstructed by the compositionally zoned garnet, shows that the prograde metamorphism is characterized by a temperature increase with a slight pressure increase from the conditions of 17.6 ± 1.5 kbar at 496 ± 15°C to the peak‐pressure ones of 21.8 ± 1.5–22.7 ± 1.5 kbar at 555 ± 15–561 ± 15°C; the early retrograde stage is dominated by decompression with a temperature increase to the maximum of 608 ± 15–611 ± 18°C at 10.3 ± 1.5–11.0 ± 1.5 kbar; and the late retrograde one is predominated by pressure and temperature decreases. The mineral assemblages in the prograde metamorphism are predicted to contain garnet, glaucophane, jadeite, lawsonite, phengite, quartz, rutile, and/or chlorite, which is different from those observed at present. Such high‐pressure metamorphism can partly be reconstructed by the P–T pseudosection in combination with the high‐Si phengite and garnet compositions in the core and mantle. This provides an important constraint on the subduction and exhumation of the terrane during the continent–continent collision between the Yangtze and Sino‐Korean cratons.     

青海岗察岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

青海岗察岩体位于西秦岭造山带的西段,由闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斑状花岗闪长岩体组成,各岩体虽然地质特征和岩性有所差异,但成因和形成的时间基本一致,是不同时期同一成因的产物,由早向晚由中性向酸性演化,属"I"型花岗岩系列。尽管前人对其中个别阶段岩体进行过年龄测定,但没有对多期岩体进行过系统的年代学精测。本文在运用阴极发光技术对岩体中锆石进行细致的内部结构分析的基础上,利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb原位定年方法,系统测定了岩体中单颗粒锆石的206Pb/238U年龄,结果显示岩体经历了243.8~242Ma、238~234Ma、215Ma三个侵入阶段,是同源、不同期次岩浆脉动形成的产物。岗察岩体周边的铜、金、钨、钼、铁矿床成矿与岩体关系密切,成矿流体、成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,成矿作用与岩体的形成时间一致,形成统一的成岩成矿地质事件,与区域西秦岭-东昆仑三叠纪构造岩浆作用和成矿时代一致,构成西秦岭北缘斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-钼-金成矿系统的一部分。通过构造环境分析,得出岗察岩体产于后碰撞(晚碰撞)构造环境,由挤压向伸展转换的地球动力学背景,为西秦岭造山带与祁连造山带的碰撞拼合提供了依据。     

黑龙江佳木斯地块南端及邻区深部三维电性结构及其构造意义

佳木斯地块及邻区位于中亚造山带(CAOB)的东部, 由于受到了古太平洋板块俯冲和牡丹江洋闭合的影响, 该地区形成了复杂的构造. 为了揭示该区深部电性结构, 探讨其动力学机制等科学问题, 我们采用基于非线性共轭梯度算法的三维大地电磁反演, 获得了一个长约400 km的大地电磁剖面电性结构模型, 该剖面反映了松嫩地块东北缘、佳木斯地块南端和完达山地体的深部岩石圈电性结构特征. 并结合研究区地质资料和其他地球物理资料, 我们对剖面所经过的主要地质构造单元展开了综合分析. 结果表明: (1)松嫩地块东北缘的小兴安岭岩石圈电性结构以巨厚的高阻体为主, 可能与多期次形成的花岗岩叠置作用有关; (2)三个地块之间的缝合带下方均存在高导异常, 这些高导异常可能与软流圈物质上涌有关; (3)牡丹江断裂、跃进山断裂和敦化—密山断裂可能为地壳尺度的深大断裂, 这些断裂可能作为微板块的边界, 与块体之间的古缝合带重合; (4)佳木斯地块南端存在大规模高阻异常体, 表明古老的佳木斯地块南端具有较冷的刚性块体特征, 我们推测可能是冈瓦纳大陆或塔里木克拉通的一部分.

     

西昆仑甜水海地体早寒武世花岗岩浆作用及其构造意义

瓦仍孜拉甫岩体和阿依里西岩体出露于西昆仑造山带的甜水海地体中。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,阿依里西岩体的花岗质斑岩的侵位年龄为（530±6）Ma,瓦仍孜拉甫岩体的黑云母二长花岗质片麻岩的侵位年龄为（515±2）Ma,都形成于早寒武世。岩石地球化学特征表明,阿依里西岩体中花岗质斑岩的SiO2含量为67.7%~69.4%,具有较高的Mg#值（44~46）,A/CNK值为0.81~0.93;K2O含量为2.15%~3.02%,呈钙碱性至高钾钙碱性特征;其εHf（t）值为-3.3~-0.8;以轻重稀土分异较为明显,富集Cs、Rb、K、Th、Zr、Hf、Y等元素,而亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti等元素为特点,是由幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆发生混合作用而成。瓦仍孜拉甫岩体黑云母二长花岗质片麻岩的SiO2含量高其变化范围为75.0%~76.3%,Mg#值比较低,为18~26;A/CNK值为1.01~1.30,K2O含量为4.31~4.98,表现为高钾钙碱性、过铝质特征,其εHf（t） 值为+2.5~+4.3;属于高分异I型花岗岩,源于高钾钙碱性的安山岩和玄武质安山岩的部分熔融。根据这些地球化学特征,结合西昆仑不同地质单元中早古生代花岗岩体的分布特征、地质年代学和岩石成因特征,研究认为这2个花岗质岩体形成于岛弧环境,其为进一步深入研究西昆仑造山带早古生代的构造演化过程提供了新的地质资料。