苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)——非地震方法

在北苏鲁超高压变质带(UHPM)上开展了深反射地震的同时,进行了大地电磁、地磁、放射性测量和重磁编图.本文介绍用这些方法取得的结果.两条区域性的地球物理剖面总长126km,经过二维反演取得了电阻率和磁性体剖面.结果表明:(1)大地电磁等综合地球物理资料与深反射地震剖面的推断结果基本一致,同样反映了UHPM岩块的俯冲折返与后期的隆升.(2)非地震地球物理资料不仅为地震解释提供约束,还可以提供地热流上涌、断裂和磁性体分布等更多的信息.(3)新发现莒南-海州北北西向断裂,对研究本区构造演化有重要意义.(4)根据地热流上涌、侵入体多和高波速体埋藏较深等特征,认为在本区进行科学钻探不够理想.     

北大别灰色片麻岩的岩石化学特征及大地构造背景

The principle component of the north Dabie metamorphic complex (NDC) is a suite of gray gneisses, which is compositionally comparable to the tonalite-trondjemite-granodiorite association. Gray gneisses, including amphibolite gneiss, amphibolite-plagioclase gneiss, quartzo-feldspar gneiss, have the SiO₂ contents ranging from 50％ to 75％ or more. On the SiO₂ variation diagram most of major oxide display a smooth trend from tonalitic gneiss to trondhjemitic or granitic rocks, implying a magmatic differentiation model for the origin of the gray gneisses. The differentiation was probably controlled by hornblende and plagioclase fractionation. The gray gneisses have lower ΣREE content with low grade fractionation of light REE/ heavy REE. On primary mantle-normalized REE fractional diagrams, the subparallel patterns indicate a cogenetic relation for all samples. All rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile (LIL) elements and depleted in high field strength (HFS) elements, as well as Nb at the level of primary mantle. The increasing of Nb depletion, the decreasing of Sr enrichment, and the transitional metal element Ti becoming greatly depleted with the increase of the SiO₂ in the rocks imply the fraction of mafic minerals and plagioclase. The granitoids have lower FeO, MgO, CaO contents, low FeO^*/ (FeO^*+MgO) ratios, and Nb and Y depletion. On Hf/3-Th-Ta (Nb) diagram, all plots set near the Hf-Th join and cumulate to Th corner, providing a calc-alkaline series of arc setting. All of these imply that the gray gneiss is of the calc-alkaline association formed in a volcanic arc.     

川渝地区构造动力学演化与盆岭-盆山耦合构造分析

以构造动力学演化为主线,从拉张与挤压的辩证关系出发,提出了川渝地区构造动力学演化经历了挤压-区域拉张-陆隆伸展-再挤压的构造动力学演化过程;川渝地区在T3-J2期间为盆岭耦合构造格局,在当时山岭与盆地之间过渡的斜坡带前缘(大致相当于理县至都江堰地域),出现印支、燕山期滑覆构造,表现为山岭斜坡前缘逆冲叠瓦状断层与紧闭甚至倒转、平卧褶皱的出现;J3以来,构造动力学背景由伸展转变为挤压,形成基底卷入的厚皮构造,龙门山迅速崛起,四川盆地最终定型,形成现今见到的松潘甘孜高原-龙门山-四川盆地构成的盆山耦合构造格局。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating from Sulu-Dabie dolomitic marble, eastern China: constraints on prograde, ultrahigh-pressure and retrograde metamorphic ages

Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircon from Sulu‐Dabie dolomitic marbles is characterized by distinctive domains of inherited (detrital), prograde, ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) and retrograde metamorphic growths. The inherited zircon domains are dark‐luminescent in CL images and contain mineral inclusions of Qtz + Cal + Ap. The prograde metamorphic domains are white‐luminescent in CL images and preserve a quartz eclogite facies assemblage of Qtz + Dol + Grt + Omp + Phe + Ap, formed at 542–693 °C and 1.8–2.1 GPa. In contrast, the UHP metamorphic domains are grey‐luminescent in CL images, retain the UHP assemblage of Coe + Grt + Omp + Arg + Mgs + Ap, and record UHP conditions of 739–866 °C and >5.5 GPa. The outermost retrograde rims have dark‐luminescent CL images, and contain low‐P minerals such as calcite, related to the regional amphibolite facies retrogression. Laser ablation ICP‐MS trace‐element data show striking difference between the inherited cores of mostly magmatic origin and zircon domains grown in response to prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphism. SHRIMP U‐Pb dating on these zoned zircon identified four discrete ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age groups: 1823–503 Ma is recorded in the inherited (detrital) zircon derived from various Proterozoic protoliths, the prograde domains record the quartz eclogite facies metamorphism at 254–239 Ma, the UHP growth domains occurred at 238–230 Ma, and the late amphibolite facies retrogressive overprint in the outermost rims was restricted to 218–206 Ma. Thus, Proterozoic continental materials of the Yangtze craton were subducted to 55–60 km depth during the Early Triassic and recrystallized at quartz eclogite facies conditions. Then these metamorphic rocks were further subducted to depths of 165–175 km in the Middle Triassic and experienced UHP metamorphism, and finally these UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid‐crustal levels (about 30 km) in the Late Triassic and overprinted by regional amphibolite facies metamorphism. The subduction and exhumation rates deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P–T conditions are 9–10 km Myr^?1 and 6.4 km Myr^?1, respectively, and these rapid subduction–exhumation rates may explain the obtained P–T–t path. Such a fast exhumation suggests that Sulu‐Dabie UHP rocks that returned towards crustal depths were driven by buoyant forces, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff at mantle depth.     

甘肃阳山金矿床花岗岩成因:来自地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素和年代学的证据

甘肃文县阳山金矿为西秦岭近十年来发现的超大型卡林–类卡林型金矿床,地处扬子板块西北部碧口地体北缘。本文选取阳山矿区与矿体在空间上密切相关的花岗岩样品,进行系统的元素地球化学特征分析,结合前人的年代学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据来探讨其成因。阳山花岗岩SiO_2含量为60.64%~80.77%、Al_2O_3为13.68%~23.71%,K_2O为0.74%~4.32%,A/CNK为1.34~6.02,富集Cs、U、K、Pb等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、La、Ce、Sr、Ti等元素,ΣREE=14.45×10–6~143.14×10–6,平均70.31×10–6,LREE/HREE=1.39~19.52,平均10.12,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N=1.48~37.26,平均17.08,球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.50~1.21,平均0.77),为过铝质钙碱性花岗岩。结合前人对花岗岩、碧口群和泥盆系三河口组的元素地球化学、年代学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素等测试数据以及区域构造演化历史,认为阳山花岗岩来源于碰撞增厚的地壳物质——碧口群的部分熔融,在上升的过程中与泥盆系发生混染。     

中国东南地区沉积盆地的构造演化

论述了中国东南地区沉积盆地的构造演化。提出本区的沉积盆地受地壳构造的运动体制所控制,其演化经历了三个大的旋回,分别形成三种性质不同的沉积盆地,前加里东—加里东旋回形成“地槽型”沉积盆地;华力西—早印支旋回形成“坳陷型”沉积盆地;晚印支以来形成“断陷型”沉积盆地。     

南苏鲁超高压带和高压带边界的准确限定——来自变质岩锆石中矿物包体的证据

南苏鲁地区由 4个岩片组成 ,自西北至东南依次为正片麻岩岩片 (Ⅰ )、表壳岩岩片 (Ⅱ )、含蓝晶石石英岩大理岩岩片 (Ⅲ )和副片麻岩变火山岩片岩岩片 (Ⅳ )。上述构造岩片均经历了强烈的角闪岩相绿片岩相退变质作用的改造。采用激光拉曼、阴极发光和电子探针分析技术 ,对南苏鲁方圆约 380 0km2 范围内 93件锆石样品中的矿物包体进行了系统鉴定。结果表明 ,在第Ⅰ和Ⅱ岩片样品的锆石中均发现以柯石英为代表的超高压 (UHP)矿物包体 ,而在第Ⅲ和Ⅳ岩片锆石中则保存以文石和多硅白云母为代表的高压 (HP)矿物包体。由此推断 ,第Ⅰ和Ⅱ岩片应归属超高压变质带 ,而第Ⅲ和Ⅳ岩片应归属高压变质带。结合变质作用温压条件的研究结果 ,确定超高压岩石峰期变质温压条件为t=72 3～ 85 2℃ ,p≥ 2 .8× 10 3 MPa ;而高压变质岩石峰期变质温压条件为t =5 0 0～ 6 0 0℃ ,p =1.2× 10 3 ～ 2 .5× 10 3 MPa。最新区域填图结果表明 ,南苏鲁东海地区超高压和高压带之间的接触界线为一典型的韧性剪切带。     

中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)榴闪岩的地球化学组成及其地质意义

预先导孔(CCSD-PP2) 位于苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南部的北苏鲁超高压变质表壳剪切叠覆岩片中, 岩心主要由榴闪岩(包括角闪岩)、花岗片麻岩、副片麻岩和榴辉岩组成.镜下鉴定和激光拉曼测试结果表明预先导孔(CCSD-PP2) 第一段榴闪岩的主要矿物为角闪石、石榴石、黑云母和钠长石, 是榴辉岩退变质作用的产物.地球化学数据显示榴闪岩的化学成分与正常型榴辉岩相对应, 稀土元素组成及配分模式与主孔榴辉岩基本相似, 但微量元素特征及在地球化学判别图解上存在一定差异, 说明该段榴闪岩与主孔榴辉岩的原岩虽然都是形成于板内环境玄武岩类, 但它们并不完全相同, 其差异可能是由原岩性质的多样性及榴辉岩退变质过程中流体组分的加入引起的.榴闪岩及其下部花岗片麻岩内锆石中柯石英、绿辉石等矿物包裹体的发现及岩石学和地球化学特征等与主孔花岗片麻岩相似的性质, 以及在接触面附近榴闪岩中的SiO₂含量具有逐渐增高的趋势等, 说明榴闪岩与花岗片麻岩曾一起俯冲到地下深处, 并在折返过程中经历了强烈的退变质作用, 它们之间可能存在一定程度的物质交换.      

华中大别山高压变质地体的形成和差异岩石隆升－剥露：来自火成岩的证据

根据花岗岩类资料，分析了大别造山带自古生代以来的岩石隆升－剥露历史。认为北淮阳地块、大别地块西段及大悟地块的岩石隆升－剥露主要发生于侏罗纪之前，而大别地块东段在白垩纪之后还发生了强烈岩石隆升－剥露．本文指出，含超高压变质岩的大别地块东段自海西期以来的岩石隆升－剥露幅度达２０ｋｍ．这一深度的负荷压力与大陆碰撞过程中超过压和高应变条件的结合，有可能形成柯石英榴辉岩，但高压变质地体中的金刚石，更可能是早期慢源岩浆挟带到地壳中的捕虏晶。     

拉萨地体南部早侏罗世岩浆岩的成因和构造意义

本文从拉萨地体南部原来被认为是前寒武纪变质基底的冈底斯岩群中厘定出了一套早侏罗世的岩浆岩.锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,这些岩浆岩侵位于202～ 180Ma.岩石类型包括辉长闪长岩、二长岩和花岗闪长岩,是一套中酸性、偏铝质钙碱性、Ⅰ型花岗岩类.微量元素表现出消减带富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,并具有岛弧花岗岩的亲缘性.锆石Hf同位素研究表明,加查地区中酸性岩石来自新生地壳物质的熔融,偏基性岩石来自于亏损地幔.而桑日地区的酸性岩石来自于古老地壳物质的重熔.本文认为包括研究区在内的南拉萨地体中的晚三叠世-早侏罗世岩浆岩为俯冲到南拉萨地体之下的松多洋壳断离或回卷,软流圈地幔上涌,地幔楔熔融并加热上覆地壳的产物.