Delineation of a large ultramafic massif embedded within a major SW Pacific suture using gravity methods

Gravity studies have delineated the largest ultramafic massif in New Zealand, embedded within a buried major SW Pacific crustal suture zone. This suture records terrane collision onto the Gondwana margin during the Mesozoic and separates a forearc terrane from an outboard accretionary prism terrane. It can be traced throughout the length of New Zealand as the Junction Magnetic Anomaly and contains the Permian Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt, which in the South Island of New Zealand is characterized by a string of isolated ultramafic massifs in a sheared matrix of serpentinite and sediment. Our analysis reveals a steep gravity gradient at the suture boundary which is attributed to a newly recognised density contrast (0.1 Mg m^− 3) between terranes of the forearc and the accretionary prism. The massif itself is marked by the occurrence of a strong, elongate residual gravity anomaly (+ 120 g.u.) extending 50 km along the suture and coincident with the Junction Magnetic Anomaly. It is modelled, at its southern end, as a dense, 15 km wide source body, extending to at least 6 km in depth. In conjunction with detailed aeromagnetic data, this modeling indicates the presence of a spindle-shaped ultramafic massif, analogous to, but larger than similar bodies found within the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt elsewhere. This fabric of sheared serpentinites enclosing ultramafic massifs therefore extends at least the length of New Zealand and probably beyond. In part it may result from accretion of asperities in the subducting plate, but it is also due to disruption of larger ultramafic bodies during subsequent strike-slip motion, which caused the remarkable linearity of the Dun Mountain Belt. Given the common occurrence of the plate tectonic processes involved, it is likely that such structures can be found in other regions around the world using similar geophysical potential field methods.     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔中磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构

在中国大陆科学钻探主孔中部的榴辉岩样品B1021R642P40a、B1039R646P47a、B1046R648P4c和B1053R649P74k中,我们发现了磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构。磷灰石是该榴辉岩的主要副矿物,其自形程度较高,与石榴石共生。样品中几乎所有磷灰石均发育出溶结构,至少存在两组相互垂直的出溶棒。出溶棒形状规则,一样宽(<1μm),但长度变化大(5～50μm)。利用高分辨能谱仪测定表明,出溶棒主要由Fe和S两种元素组成。由于还不能准确地确定其Fe/S比值,初步确定其为磁黄铁矿(Fe_(1-x)S)。磷灰石由于含大量稀土元素和挥发性组分如OH、F、Cl和S,它的深循环因此可能对地球的水、硫以及其它挥发性组分的全球平衡具有重要影响。     

Provenance of Jurassic accretionary complex: Mino terrane, inner zone of south-west Japan – implications for palaeogeography of eastern Asia

Provenance and tectonic history of the Jurassic accretionary complex, Mino terrane, located in the Inner Zone of south‐west Japan, were studied using sandstone framework composition and mudrock geochemistry. Modal analysis of sandstones shows that the tectonic setting of the source area for the studied Mino terrane clastic rocks was uplifted basement, largely dominated by high‐grade metamorphic terrain composed of quartz and feldspar, especially plagioclase. The textural and mineralogical immaturity, extent of alkali and alkaline earth element leaching, low chemical index of alteration values and depleted rare earth element (REE) contents suggest rapid uplift and erosion within the source terrain and a relatively weak weathering intensity. Factor analysis revealed that grain‐size effects governed compositional heterogeneity in the studied sediments. Provenance of the sediments is interpreted as being plagioclase‐enriched felsic basement rock, such as granodiorite, within a continental margin and evolved arc tectonic setting rather than active volcanic arc. Lack of a contribution from active volcanic arcs may have resulted from the cessation of volcanism during the reorganization of the subducting plate system and/or erosion of arc volcanics and exposure of basement. Considering the previous studies on palaeogeography and palaeocurrent reconstruction, the north‐eastern part of the Yeongnam massif in the Korean Peninsula is interpreted as the most probable source area for the studied turbidites. The results of mixing calculation for Mino terrane sediments suggest that Precambrian leucocratic granite and the basement rock of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin shed large amounts of sediments to the Mino trench, whilst Precambrian granitic gneiss and the Triassic pluton supplied lesser amounts. The results of this study reveal that, although active subduction–accretion processes were occurring, the Mino trench was bordered by continental basement rocks. This knowledge contributes to enhanced understanding of the Jurassic palaeogeography of the east Asia continental margin.     

西藏冈底斯带南木林地区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

南木林地区属于冈底斯地块的南带,研究样品取自不同时代的火山岩地层,本文报道应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究构造活动的新成果。总计获得5个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果,其中3个样品属于同组年龄,分剐为5.9±0.7Ma,5.2±0.6 Ma和8.7±1.0Ma,平均径迹长度为13.0→13.2±2.2μm,并呈单峰分布,表明它们是最近一次构造热事件的体现。另2个样品属于混合年龄,系由7.1Ma、30Ma、9.6Ma、51Ma和100Ma等5组年龄组成。所有这些年龄值,先后与区内碰撞前、同碰撞、碰撞后和陆内快速隆升作用有关。自印度-亚洲大陆强烈碰撞以来,总体上具有2阶段热演化历史,其中6～0Ma期间冷却速率为11.3℃～16.7℃/Ma,隆升速率为0.85～0.99mm/a,总计隆升幅度达5100～5940m,是本区冷却隆升的主要时期。     

胶南岚山头地区A型花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征与原岩成因

胶南岚山头地区花岗质片麻岩的化学成分表现为SiO2含量普遍高,为68.4%~78.26%,Al2O3含量为11.34%~15.84%,而TiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO和MgO的含量明显偏低,其中Fe2O3为0.69%~2.12%,FeO为0.18%~1.56%,MgO为0.05%~1.53%;岩石明显富含Na2O、K2O强烈贫CaO,其中Na2O K2O的含量为8.32%~10.33%,K2O的含量为3.87%~5.24%,CaO的含量为0.19%~1.27%。稀土元素配分模式显示轻稀土明显富集、重稀土相对平坦,具较强的轻、重稀土元素分馏和强烈-中等的负Eu异常。具强烈富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Th)的特点,高场强元素Ti、Nb和Ta显示明显负异常,且所有样品均具明显负P异常。花岗片麻岩的原岩为A型花岗岩,指示其形成于拉张作用下的陆缘火山弧构造环境,原岩可能为新元古代下地壳富钾的变质玄武岩部分熔融而成,形成压力为0.8~1.0GPa,部分熔融程度小于10%。胶南A型花岗质片麻岩的原岩形成于新元古代,与扬子板块北缘新元古代陆缘火山活动有关,可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在苏鲁地区的强烈反响。     

大别-苏鲁地体超高压变质岩中的副矿物——锆石

激光拉曼和锆石阴极发光图像研究结果表明,大别-苏鲁强退变质岩石(包括正片麻岩、副片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、含蓝晶石石英岩、大理岩、云母片岩等)的锆石中,均保存以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包裹体,且记录了十分一致的超高压变质温压条件:T=732～866℃,p=2.8～4.0GPa,表明大别-苏鲁地体曾发生过巨量物质深俯冲-超高压变质的壮观的地质事件。     

Eclogites from the Chinese continental scientific drilling borehole, their petrology and different P-T evolutions

Abstract Four phengite‐bearing eclogites, taken from different depths of the Chinese continental scientific drilling (CCSD) borehole in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure terrane, eastern China, were studied with the electron microprobe. The compositional zonations of garnet and omphacite are moderate, whereas phengite compositions generally vary significantly in a single sample from core to rim by decrease of the Si content. Various geothermobarometric methods were applied to constrain the P‐T conditions of these eclogites on the basis of the compositional variability of the above minerals. The constrained P‐T path for sample B218 is characterized by pressure decrease from ca 3.0 GPa (ca 600°C) to 1.3 GPa (ca 550°C). Eclogite B310 yielded P‐T conditions of 3.0 GPa and 750°C. The path for eclogite B1008 starts at about 650°C and 3.6–3.9 GPa (stage I) followed by a pressure decrease to 2.8–3.0 GPa and a significant temperature rise (stages II and IIIa, 750–810°C). Afterwards, this rock cooled down to 620–660°C at still high pressures (2.5–2.7 GPa, stage IIIb). Retrograde conditions were about 670°C and 1.3 GPa (stage IV). Eclogite B1039 yielded a P‐T path starting at ca 600°C and 3.3–3.9 GPa (stage I). A pressure decrease to about 3.0 GPa (stage II, 590–610°C) and then a moderate isobaric temperature increase to ca 630°C (stage III) followed. Stage IV is characterized by temperatures of 650°C at pressures close to 1.3 GPa. During and after this stage (hydrous) fluids partially rich in potassium penetrated the rocks causing minor changes. Relatively high oxygen fugacities led to andradite and magnetite among the newly formed minerals. We think that the above findings can be best explained by mass flow in a subduction channel. Thus, we conclude that the assembly of UHP rocks of the CCSD site, eclogites, quartzofeldspathic rocks, and peridotites, cannot represent a crustal section that was already coherent at UHP conditions as it is the common belief currently. The coherency was attained after significant exhumation of these UHP rocks.     

藏东义敦地体早古生代构造格局：来自碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素的约束

位于藏东的义敦地体是研究青藏高原和古特提斯构造演化的关键区域,其在早古生代时期的古地理位置及构造演化过程尚不明确。沉积岩中碎屑锆石记录了物源区丰富的地质信息,被广泛应用于示踪沉积物源和古地理重建。本文对义敦地体三件下古生界浅变质沉积岩样品开展了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究,结果显示：三件样品均具有“多峰”的碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,其U-Pb年龄主要集中在约2535～2350 Ma、约1000～900 Ma、约890～750 Ma和约590～520 Ma四个区间,对应的ε_Hf(t)值分别为-8.8～13.1、-11.8～10.0、-20.1～12.6和-27.6～6.1。综合本次研究结果和前人数据,提出义敦地体下古生界变沉积岩中约2535～2350 Ma和约890～750Ma年龄段的锆石主要来自邻区松潘-甘孜地体和华南地块,而约1000～900 Ma和约590～520 Ma年龄段的碎屑锆石主要源自东冈瓦纳大陆Rayner-Eastern Ghats、Prydz-Darling和Kuunga造山带的岩浆岩。对比该地层与区内新元古界碎屑岩及相...     

青藏高原拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁结果及其构造意义

报道拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁研究的初步结果。古地磁样品来自措勤县敌布错北缘新发现的海相三叠纪地层,共采集6个采点67块独立定向样品。岩石磁学实验表明,样品中含有大量中低矫顽力中等阻挡温度的磁性矿物和一定量的磁铁矿。于4个采点的47块样品中分离出现代地磁场的低温粘滞剩磁（分量A）,在6个采点66块样品中获得白垩纪的次生剩磁分量（分量B）,5个采点28块样品获得高温特征剩磁分量（分量C）。分量C仅可在少数以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物的样品高温区间（525~585℃）获得,可通过标准褶皱检验,为岩石形成时期的原生剩磁信息。计算得出拉萨地块三叠纪的古地磁极位置：φρ=17.4°N、λρ=205.9°E、（dp=6.7,dm=3.7）,该结果表明拉萨地块三叠纪处于南纬中低纬度地区。结合羌塘古地磁结果推测,羌北地块与拉萨地块之间班公湖—怒江缝合带所代表的特提斯洋盆可能在早三叠世打开,早三叠世—晚三叠世期间快速扩张并推动羌北地块快速北移,促使了羌北地块与欧亚大陆南缘的拼合。