川西里伍式铜矿床成矿物质来源：电气石元素地球化学及硼同位素制约

川西江浪穹隆在大地构造上位于松潘-甘孜造山带东南缘。环穹窿腰部分布着一系列产状、矿床特征相似的铜多金属矿床——里伍式铜矿床,包括里伍、中咀、笋叶林、柏香林、挖金钩、黑牛洞等矿床。这些矿床的矿体主要呈似层状产出于中元古代里伍群中,其成因模式目前尚不明确。本研究选择里伍和黑牛洞铜矿中的含矿石英-电气石脉作为重点研究对象,对其中的代表性电气石单矿物进行了电子探针分析及LA-MC-ICPMS原位硼同位素测试,据此制约矿床的成矿物质来源。背散射及显微图像特征揭示两矿床的含矿电气石具有单一的流体来源;电子探针分析结果表明这些电气石在类型上均属镁电气石;硼同位素测试结果显示两矿床的电气石δ11 B值分别为-15.47‰±0.83‰~-13.06‰±0.77‰(n=10)及-13.19‰±0.57‰~-5.91‰±0.67‰(n=16),与花岗岩的δ11B值区间非常一致,表明这两个矿床属(区内燕山期)岩浆期后热液矿床。通过对比研究,本文进一步提出在松潘-甘孜造山带内很可能存在一条NE-SW向的铜多金属成矿带,即松潘-甘孜铜多金属构造成矿带。本次研究不仅可以丰富层状型矿床成矿理论,而且对指导该造山带中其他穹窿体的找矿具有较为重要的实际意义。     

弹性波反射法在探测软弱层中的应用

目的采用弹性波反射法确定桩基础、桩底下卧地层中的软弱层的新技术.方法:以某实际工程为背景,通过超前探测技术,结果经过实际开挖论证及竣工后的使用情况,证明此技术具有节省工时、造价低的优势.结论此技术既经济省时、又准确,可供设计及施工人员参考.     

西藏仲巴地体中433Ma伸展热事件：波库二云母花岗岩锆石年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素制约

喜马拉雅造山带中发育多期次淡色花岗岩,其成因与构造转换密切相关。波库二云母花岗岩位于仲巴地体西段,锆石U-Pb年龄为433.4±2.0Ma,εHf(t)=-11.18～-8.75。全岩地球化学显示具有较高的SiO2(72.38%～73.10%)、Al2O3(15.14%～15.38%)、CaO(1.54%～1.77%)、Sr(141×10-6～174×10-6)、Ba(386×10-6～574×10-6)含量和δEu值(平均0.8),以及较低K2O/Na2O(0.87～1.11)和Rb/Sr(0.86～1.09)比值,A/CNK=1.64～1.77,随着Ba含量的增加,Rb/Sr比值保持不变。这些特征表明波库二云母花岗岩为变泥质岩发生水致白云母部分熔融的产物,与原特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘俯冲后仲巴地体-特提斯喜马拉雅地体与冈瓦纳大陆亲缘性的陆块发生碰撞后板片断离伸展环境下的岩浆热事件相关,与特提斯喜马拉雅429Ma吉隆白云母脱水部分熔融形成的淡色花岗岩的成因不同表明它们发生部分熔融作用的物理化学条件不同,亦指示仲巴地体与特提斯喜马拉雅地体在早古生代可能具有不同的构造演化环境。     

西藏南拉萨地块西部鸭洼地区侵入岩的锆石年代学和Hf同位素特征

拉萨地块南缘发育了广泛的中、新生代岩浆作用,然而与中、东部地区相比,南拉萨地块西部地区的研究程度还相对偏低,尤其是缺乏中生代以前岩浆活动的发现和研究。本文对南拉萨地块西部鸭洼地区新发现的中、新生代侵入岩开展了详细的锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究,发现鸭洼地区发育了晚三叠世(210～208Ma)辉长岩和闪长玢岩、晚侏罗世(约155Ma)似斑状二长花岗岩和始新世(约50Ma)花岗斑岩。晚三叠世辉长岩和闪长玢岩具有相对亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,ε_(Hf)(t)值分别是+1.9～+6.2和-3.0～+7.4。晚侏罗世似斑状二长花岗岩和始新世花岗斑岩则具有明显富集的锆石Hf同位素组成,其ε_(Hf)(t)值分别是-10.0～-5.2和-7.9～-2.7,对应的地壳模式年龄分别是1534～1836Ma和1297～1624Ma,分别反映了古元古代和中元古代古老陆壳物质为主的再循环作用。结合区域文献数据,鸭洼-打加错地区中生代以来由于新特提斯洋的俯冲而发生了明显的地壳增生作用,新生地壳的生长从中生代到新生代早期逐渐进行,并且具有从陆内向海沟逐渐增加的趋势。     

西藏多龙矿集区热构造演化历史——来自磷灰石(U-Th)/He的证据

西藏多龙矿集区是西藏最重要的斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿集区。多龙矿集区经历了多期次的构造抬升-剥蚀事件,成矿后的埋藏-剥蚀历史对矿体的保存至关重要。本文运用磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据对多龙矿集区的低温热年代学进行研究。磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄平均值分布在85. 1±4. 0Ma到37. 9±2. 5Ma,记录了晚白垩世到古新世、始新世、渐新世的热-构造事件。热历史模拟显示,多龙矿集区主要经历4次冷却事件:Ⅰ) 100～75Ma,冷却速率约为4℃/Myr,剥速率约为0. 16km/Myr,与班公湖-怒江洋的闭合以及拉萨-羌塘地块的碰撞事件有关;Ⅱ) 75～45Ma,冷却速率约为0. 3℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 01km/Myr,与拉萨-羌塘地块的继续碰撞事件以及由碰撞作用引起的逆冲推覆构造事件有关;Ⅲ) 45～30Ma,冷却速率约为2℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 08km/Myr,与印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞抬升事件有关;Ⅳ) 30Ma至今,冷却速率约为1℃/Myr,剥蚀速率约为0. 04km/Myr,与渐新世以来印度-欧亚大陆的持续碰撞作用以及渐新世以来青藏高原发育的频繁构造事件有关。多龙矿集区斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿床形成后在强烈的隆升-剥蚀的环境下保存下来,得益于早白垩世美日切错组火山岩的覆盖,由拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞作用引起的逆冲推覆构造引起的上部地层加厚,以及印度-欧亚大陆碰撞事件在多龙矿集区产生的相对较弱的破坏效应。拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞作用引起的地层加厚对多龙矿集区矿床起主要的保护作用。     

青海海西州乌北地体晋宁期柯柯沙花岗片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄证据

在前人认为的震旦纪末期青海西部乌北地体柯柯沙花岗片麻岩中采集了2件同位素年龄样品,用LA-ICP-MS法测得其中锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为826±6Ma(MSWD=0.84,n=12)和810±7Ma(MSWD=0.93,n=10)。这2个年龄值表明,柯柯沙花岗片麻岩属于晋宁运动早期的岩浆作用产物,与中国众多的晋宁期花岗岩一起响应了全球罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆在中国西北部的汇聚或离散演化。     

P–T conditions of decompression of the Limpopo high-grade terrane: record from shear zones

The Southern Marginal Zone of the late Archean Limpopo Belt of southern Africa is an example of a high‐grade gneiss terrane in which both upper and lower crustal deformational processes can be studied. This marginal zone consists of large thrust sheets of complexly folded low‐strain gneisses, bound by an imbricate system of kilometre‐wide deep crustal shear zones characterized by the presence of high‐strain gneisses (‘primary straight gneisses’). These shear zones developed during the decompression stage of this high‐grade terrane. Low‐ and high‐strain gneisses both contain similar reaction textures that formed under different kinematic conditions during decompression. Evidence for the early M1/D1 metamorphic phase (> 2690 Ma) is rarely preserved in low‐strain gneisses as a uniform orientation of relict Al‐rich orthopyroxene in the matrix and quartz and plagioclase inclusions in the cores of early (M1) Mg‐rich garnet porphyroblasts. This rare fabric formed at > 820 °C and > 7.5 kbar. The retrograde M2/D2 metamorphic fabric (2630–2670 Ma) is well developed in high‐strain gneisses from deep crustal shear zones and is microscopically recognized by the presence of reaction textures that formed synkinematically during shear deformation: M2 sigmoid‐shaped reaction textures with oriented cordierite–orthopyroxene symplectites formed after the early M1 Mg‐rich garnet porphyroblasts, and syn‐decompression M2 pencil‐shaped garnet with oriented inclusions of sillimanite and quartz formed after cordierite under conditions of near‐isobaric cooling at 750–630 °C and 6–5 kbar. The symplectites and pencil‐shaped garnet are oriented parallel to the shear fabric and in the stretching direction. Low‐strain gneisses from thrust sheets show similar M2 decompression cooling and near‐isobaric cooling reaction textures that formed within the same P–T range, but under low‐strain conditions, as shown by their pseudo‐idioblastic shapes that reflect the contours of completely replaced M1 garnet and randomly oriented cordierite–orthopyroxene symplectites. The presence of similar reaction textures reflecting low‐strain conditions in gneisses from thrust sheets and high‐strain conditions in primary straight gneisses suggests that most of the strain during decompression was partitioned into the bounding shear zones. A younger M3/D3 mylonitic fabric (< 2637 Ma) in unhydrated mylonites is characterized by brittle deformation of garnet porphyroclasts and ductile deformation of the quartz–plagioclase–biotite matrix developed at < 600 °C, as the result of post‐decompression shearing under epidote–amphibolite facies conditions.     

A mixed mid-Permian marine fauna from the Yanji area, northeastern China: A paleobiogeographical reinterpretation

Abstract Paleobiogeographically mixed marine faunas have been well recognized from many Permian marine sequences in northeast China. These mixed faunas are normally associated with Monodiexodina fusulinid assemblages. The mixed faunas are characterized by an admixture of both paleo-tropical Cathaysian taxa and cool-temperate elements. In addition, endemic taxa, especially at a specific level, and anti-tropical forms, are also very distinctive.
Previously, the presence of anti-tropical taxa in these mixed faunas has been used to argue that some of the northeast Asian terranes may have originated from northern Gondwana during the Permian, where they may have been m close proximity to Tibet. However, this interpretation is contrasted by the view offered in this paper. It is argued that the anti-tropical distribution of marine taxa is a normal, predictable biogeographical phenomenon that is probably controlled by certain climatic conditions. Permian anti-tropicality seems to have occurred most strongly during the Late Artinskian to Ufimian, probably in association with the presence of distinct mesothermal climatic zones at the time. In the present study we report a mixed mid-Permian marine fauna (fusulinids and brachiopods) from the Dasuangou Formation of the Yanji area in the eastern Jilin Province of northeast China, and discuss its possible origin in the context of Permian paleogeography and the climates of eastern Pangea.     

怀玉山地体略论

地质，地球化学和地球物理的综合分析表明，以赣东北断裂带，东乡－江山－绍兴断裂带和宁波－嵊泗断裂带围限的地区是一外来地体，其形成的构造环境与边缘海相当。晋宁期，该地体与扬子大陆边缘九岭区发生碰撞拼贴造山作用，相伴形成了一系列的碰撞造山构造。     

An oxygen isotope study of quartz veins within eclogites from the Dabie terrane

The oxygen isotope composition of minerals from quartz veins and host eclogites in the Dabie terrane was measured in order to place geochemical constraints on the origin and transport of metamorphic fluid. The results are discussed together with structural and petrological relationships between quartz vein and wallrock. The quartz veins can be temporally classified into three groups: (1) synmetamorphic vein which would be formed prior to eclogite-facies recrystallization when they were exhumated from mantle depths to deep crustal levels; (2) early retrogressive vein which was formed in the early stage of eclogite exhumation subsequent to the recrystallization, the vein-forming fluid is still relevant to the eclogites; (3) late retrogressive vein which was formed in the late stage of eclogite exhumation from deep crustal to upper crustal levels, oxygen isotope fractionation between vein quartz and host eclogite significantly deviates from equilibrium values and the vein-forming fluid was principally derived from granitic gneiss hosting the eclogites. For the synmetamorphic vein, it appears that local advective transport of fluid is the predominant mechanism in the processes of vein precipitation; the scale of oxygen isotope homogenization within the veins is much larger than that within the associated eclogites. The vein-forming fluid would be derived from the exsolution of dissolved hydroxyls within eclogite minerals due to significant pressure decrease. Fluid flow prior to the eclogite-facies recrystallization and the early retrogression may occur mainly along pressure gradients.