盆地演化与地球动力学旋回

盆地演化受地球演化节律所制约，节律由多层次构成。地球动力学旋回主要有３个级序：（１）超级大陆旋回，主要由羽柱构造的地幔对流动力学所控制，产生超级大陆的裂解和拼合，形成全球性同步隆升与沉降的克拉通盆地；（２）地槽旋回或造山旋回，主要由板块构造的岩石圈运动学所控制，按威尔逊旋回进展，发育各类盆地和造山带，形成“区域性”穿时开合与“非对称”互补；（３）褶皱幕或裂陷幕，主要由地体构造与拆层作用几何学所控制，产生盆地内各种构造样式和沉积样式，形成地方性的穿时递进变形，发育幕式变形和幕式沉积作用等。     

Research on the Terrane Tectonics in China

This paper summarizes the latest advances in research on the terrane tectonics of China.The terranes of China distributed around various plates may be divided into four terrane belts of different ages and sizes.i.e.,the East China,Northwest China,Southwest China and Qilling-Dabie terrane belts.Among them,the East China belt may be subdivided into three composite terrane groups;each terrane proup is composed of several terranes that were formed roughly at the same time and have distince geologic histories.The accretion of China‘s terranes involver three types;the collision type,the flake-thrusting type,and the docking type.The results of the lates study in the five widening fields and some advances in the methods of research on the terrane tectonics in China are presented in the present paper.     

The Allochthony of the Argentine Precordillera Ten Years Later (1993–2003): A New Paleobiogeographic Test of the Microcontinental Model

Recent and new faunal data from the Cambrian to Silurian rocks of the Precordillera, Famatina and Northwest Argentina basins are used to discriminate between different paleogeographic models, and especially to establish to what extent they are compatible with a previous conclusion that the Precordillera is a Laurentian-derived microcontinent. There is no paleontological evidence to support a para-autochthonous Gondwanan origin of the Precordillera. The strong differences in the Cambrian trilobite faunas and lithologic successions preclude a common origin of the Precordillera terrane, eastern Antarctica and South Africa. Recent discoveries of brachiopods and organisms of the Phylum Agmata strengthened Laurentian affinities during the Cambrian. The latest Cambrian-early Ordovician faunas that inhabited the autochthonous Northwest Argentina basin, including the western Puna volcaniclastic successions, are mostly peri-Gondwanan. The early Ordovician brachiopods, ostracods and trilobites display mixed Laurentian, Baltic and Avalonian biogeographical links supporting a drifting of the Precordillera across the Iapetus Ocean. Increasing Gondwanan elements during the Llanvirn, along with varied geological evidence, indicate that the first stages of collision may have begun at that time, involving a major change in the plate kinematics. The distribution of facies and faunas, basin development, and timing of deformation are interpreted as resulting from a north to south diachronous closing of the remnant basin during the last phases of convergence and oblique collision of the Precordillera terrane with the Gondwana margin. The high level of endemism of Caradoc faunas may be a consequence of the rearrangement and partial isolation of sedimentary areas during the strike-slip movement of the colliding Precordillera plate with respect to the Gondwana margin. Suggested relationships between facies distribution, geographic barriers and faunal migrations before and during the collision are depicted in a series of schematic reconstructions at five time slices from late Cambrian to Silurian.     

Reconstructing the ancestral Yellowstone plume from accreted seamounts and its relationship to flat-slab subduction

Recent geodynamic analyses have emphasized the relationship between modern flat-slab subduction zones and the overriding of buoyant oceanic crust. Although most models for the evolution of the Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic Laramide orogeny in the southwestern United States involve flat-slab subduction, the mechanisms proposed are controversial. An examination of the geological evolution of the 60–50-Ma Crescent terrane of the Coast Ranges indicates that it was formed in a shallowing-upward Loihi-type oceanic setting culminating in the eruption of subaerial lavas. Plate reconstructions indicate that the Crescent terrane was emplaced into ca. 20-Ma crust, and the presence of subaerial lavas implies an uplift due to the plume of ca. 4.2 km, which we use to calculate a minimum buoyancy flux of 1.1 Mg s⁻¹, similar to that of the modern Yellowstone plume.Published paleomagnetic data indicate that the Crescent terrane was formed at a paleolatitude similar to that of the Yellowstone plume. The Crescent seamount was accreted within 5 My of the cessation of plume magmatism. Plate reconstructions indicate that it would have originated about 750 km to the west of the North American plate margin if it developed above a fixed Yellowstone plume, and are therefore consistent with the recorded very short interval between its formation and tectonic emplacement.We interpret the Crescent terrane as due to the ancestral Yellowstone plume. Such a plume would have generated an elongate swell and related plateau that would have been overridden by the North American margin. Taken together, the relationship between flat-slab and overriding of oceanic plateau in Laramide times would have been analogous to the relationship between modern Andean flat-slab subduction zones and the Juan Fernandez and Nazca oceanic plateaus.     

Late Jurassic (Tithonian) radiolarians from a clastic unit of the Khabarovsk complex (Russian Far East): Significance for subduction accretion timing and terrane correlation

A well-preserved radiolarian fauna from a clastic unit of the Khabarovsk accretionary complex (southern part of the Badzhal accretionary wedge terrane in the Russian Far East) is assigned to the basal part of the Pseudodictyomitra carpatica zone. The age of the fauna is most likely late Tithonian. This is the first reliable dating of the clastic unit and makes it possible to constrain the timing of subduction accretion in the Badzhal terrane. The Khabarovsk complex is correlated chronologically with the Bikin and Samarka terranes (Russian Far East), Mino, Southern Chichibu and North Kitakami terranes (Japan), and Nadanhada terrane (northeast China).     

Variscan terrane of deep-crustal granulite facies in Yushugou area, southern Tianshan

The Yushugou terrane of deepcrustal granulite facies in southern Tianshan consists of two parts, granulite and metaperidotite. The whole terrane is a metamorphism of (high-pressure) grunulite facies, and typical mineral associations are: Gt-Cpx-P1-Tit-Ilm (±Qz) (silica-saturated and oversaturated mafic rocks), Gt-Ky (pseudomorph)-P1-Ru-Ilm± Qz (metapelitic rocks) and Spi-Opx-Cpx-01 (meta-ultramafic rocks). The peak-stage P-T conditions are 795— 964°, 0.97—1.42 GPa, which are obtained with mineral chemistry, assemblage analyses and P-T estimation. The Sm-Nd isochron age of peak-stage metamorphic minerals is (315 ± 3.62) Ma. All of these indicate that the terrane is a deep-crustal body, which subducts to the depth of 40—50 km in the middle late-Paleozoic, undergoing metamorphism of (high-pressure) granulite facies, and exhumed again to the surface by tectonic uplifting. Project supported hy the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472135).     

北大别南部存在巨量隐伏燕山期岩浆作用:岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄、元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

大别造山带广泛分布着与造山作用有关的中生代花岗岩类,这些花岗岩类是研究造山带深部地壳物质组成、结构以及壳‒幔相互作用机制的重要窗口。目前对北大别晚中生代花岗岩类的研究主要集中于其北部,其南部晚中生代岩浆作用的研究相对薄弱。本研究对北大别南部两路口钨(钼)矿区的岩脉(株)进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学研究,以反演北大别造山带深部物质组成、燕山期岩浆作用时限及背景、岩浆物质来源及演化过程。锆石U-Pb定年表明,所有岩浆岩(辉绿岩、闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩、黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩)的侵位年龄值集中于133~129 Ma,在误差范围内基本一致,表明这些岩浆岩几乎同时侵位。地球化学研究表明,黑云母花岗岩和闪长(玢)岩类的主量元素Fe2O3 T、MgO、TiO2、CaO和P2O5,以及微量元素V、Sm+Eu和Eu/Eu*与SiO2均呈较好的负相关关系。结合黑云母花岗岩与闪长(玢)岩类较为一致的Sr-Nd同位素(分别为(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706492~0.707426,εNd(t)=−15.2~−16.0;(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706520~0.707916,εNd(t)=−19.9~−13.0)特征,说明它们可能具有相似的源区。另外,Hf同位素研究表明,辉绿岩、闪长玢岩和黑云母花岗岩具有几乎一致的Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)值分别为−23.1~−20.8、−22.6~−19.4和−21.6~−17.1;tDM2范围分别为2.5~2.6 Ga、2.4~2.6 Ga和2.3~2.5 Ga)。这进一步表明,两路口钨(钼)矿区的岩浆岩为同源岩浆演化的产物,其源区很可能来自于受俯冲熔体/流体交代形成的富集地幔的熔融。两路口钨(钼)矿区广泛出露的约130 Ma的基‒中‒酸性岩浆岩表明北大别南部存在隐伏燕山期岩浆作用,为壳‒幔相互作用的产物。壳‒幔相互作用机制可能与晚中生代古太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘俯冲有关。     

西藏拉萨地块北部晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙的成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学的制约

拉萨地块北部阿索地区新发现的晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙对于讨论班公湖-怒江洋盆闭合后的碰撞过程具有重要研究意义。本文报道了阿索地区目思基性岩墙的全岩地球化学组成和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄。研究表明,目思基性岩墙中一组最年轻锆石的U-Pb加权平均年龄为74Ma。岩墙内的辉绿玢岩SiO2含量介于51.90%~53.55%之间,MgO含量介于3.98%~4.97%之间,Mg^#为50.0~57.5,低Cr(51.30×10^-6~79.48×10^-6)和Ni(55.94×10^-6~74.17×10^-6)含量。岩墙具有轻稀土元素富集的特征,明显的负Eu异常。在微量元素方面,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素富集,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有Pb的正异常。La/Sm-Sm/Yb投图结果显示基性岩墙来自于尖晶石+石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区1%~5%的部分熔融,并在演化过程中发生了橄榄石、单斜辉石及斜长石的结晶分异,同时在岩浆上升过程中受到地壳混染。结合区域地质背景,拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞后下地壳增厚并发生榴辉岩化,导致拆沉作用。目思基性岩墙的锆石U-Pb年龄表明拆沉作用持续到晚白垩世晚期。     

Contrasting Peridotite Types in the Dabie UHP Belt, Eastern China: the Raobazhai and Bixiling Ultramafic-mafic Complex

The Dabie UHP metamorphic belt, central China,contains two contrasting types of mafic-ultramafic complex. The Bixiling peridotite in the southern Dabie terrane contains abundant garnet (21.1-32.2 vol% )and thus has high CaO + Al2O3 (9.81-15.9 wt% ).     

苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南缘高压与超高压变质带原岩的接触关系及其地质意义

苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南缘高压与超高压变质带接触关系的确定对该地区构造格局的建立具有重要的意义。研究表明苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南缘高压变质带内的锦屏群底部含砾岩层不整合覆盖于超高压变质带南部的朐山花岗片麻岩之上，含砾岩层中的砾石虽然经历了后期的塑性变形改造，但其地质特征仍展示出地层下部层位沉积砾石特有的性质。此外，同位素年代学研究揭示出朐山花岗片麻岩与锦屏群变质岩的原岩分别形成于859Ma和814Ma。这些都说明锦屏群变质岩与下伏朐山花岗片麻岩原岩之间的接触关系为角度不整合。在后期的构造运动过程中它们一起经历了高压-超高压变质变形作用，折返过程中锦屏群变质岩向北西西方向逆冲，形成叠加于不整合接触面的韧性剪切带。