Metamorphic evolution of garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Gongen area, Sanbagawa belt, Japan

Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks including clinopyroxenite, wehrlite and websterite locally crop out in the Higashi‐akaishi peridotite of the Besshi region in the Cretaceous Sanbagawa metamorphic belt. These rock types occur within dunite as lenses, boudins or layers with a thickness ranging from a few centimetres to 1 metre. The wide and systematic variation of bulk‐rock composition and the overall layered structure imply that the ultramafic complex originated as a cumulate sequence. Garnet and other major silicates contain rare inclusions of edenitic amphibole, chlorite and magnetite, implying equilibrium at relatively low P–T conditions during prograde metamorphism. Orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet shows bell‐shaped Al zoning with a continuous decrease of Al from the core towards the rim, consistent with rims recording peak metamorphic conditions. Estimated P–T conditions using core and rim compositions of orthopyroxene are 1.5–2.4 GPa/700–800 °C and 2.9–3.8 GPa/700–810 °C, respectively, implying a high P/T gradient (> 3.1 GPa/100 °C) during prograde metamorphism. The presence of relatively low P–T conditions at an early stage of metamorphism and the steep P/T gradient together trace a concave upwards P–T path that shows increasing P/T with higher T, similar to P–T paths reported from other UHP metamorphic terranes. These results suggest either (1) down dragging of hydrated mantle cumulate parallel to the slab–wedge interface in the subduction zone by mechanical coupling with the subducting slab or (2) ocean floor metamorphism and/or serpentinization at early stage of subduction of oceanic lithosphere and ensuing HP–UHP prograde metamorphism.     

大别山北部蛇绿岩的地球化学制约

常量元素,微量元素,稀土元素,Ｎｄ同位素及氧同位素地球化学特征表明,太别山北部变质镁铁－超镁铁质岩带中存在变质的蛇绿岩,它主要由变质橄榄岩,辉长岩（－辉绿岩？）和基性熔岩三部分组成,其中,变质的基性熔岩的亏损地幔模式年龄ｔＤＭ／Ｍａ＝１０３６．８～１２９３．８,εＮｄ（ｔ）＝７．２～７．７,表明它可能代表１０００Ｍａ左右形成于中等扩张速率（２ｃｍ／ａｄ左右）洋盆条件下的洋壳残片。     

扬子板块北缘中段多期褶皱构造的变形特征及叠加关系

扬子板块北缘在中生代期间经历多期构造变形,早期形成的构造样式多被后期的构造变形改造破坏,仅在大巴山弧形断裂和大洪山弧形带之间的南漳一带较好地保存了早期的构造变形样式。笔者通过对当阳复向斜北段发育的褶皱构造的构造要素测量统计和褶皱叠加关系的解析,在扬子板块北缘中段南漳一带识别出三期走向不同的褶皱叠加构造,按发育早晚顺序分别为NW-SE走向褶皱、NE-SW走向褶皱和近EW走向褶皱,分别对应扬子板块向北俯冲以及后期转入陆内变形、江南–雪峰褶皱逆冲带向NW逆冲推覆和晚侏罗世到早白垩世期间大巴山向SW推进等构造变形过程。     

孟加拉湾若开海域晚新生代构造变形及其对油气的控制作用

利用钻井、二维和三维地震资料,剖析了孟加拉湾若开海域晚新生代的构造变形特征,探讨了构造变形对油气的控制作用。区域深度地质剖面揭示,研究区南部仅发育底部滑脱层(深度10 km),而北部则发育底部滑脱层(深度12 km)和中部滑脱层(深度4 km);受滑脱层的控制,研究区南部仅发育一套构造层,而北部则发育变形不协调的上、下两套构造层;南部背斜的南北向延伸距离、波长及背斜间隔距离均明显大于北部。通过北部局部构造精细解析表明,研究区北部变形相对较复杂,上构造层主要发育近南北向的背斜和次级张扭性右旋走滑断层,二者形成时间分别为晚第四纪和晚第四纪末。若开海域晚新生代的构造变形对圈闭形成、油气运聚和保存条件具有重要的控制作用。指出研究区南部平缓褶皱带构造—岩性复合圈闭具备形成大油气田的条件,是下一步油气勘探的重要目标。     

Petrographic Characteristics and Alteration Geochemistry of Granite-hosted Tungsten Mineralization at Degana, NW India

Abstract. Vein type tungsten mineralization at Degana is genetically and spatially associated with the Degana Granite. The deposit is characterized by pervasive wall rock alteration around the mineralized quartz veins. Laterally three different alteration zones, greisen, silicification and potassic zones, are marked based on the field features, mineral assemblages and geo-chemical characteristics. In the present paper, systematic mineralogical and chemical variation in these alteration zones is reported. Thick mono-mineralic (zinnwaldite) selvages around the veins characterize the deposit. Plagioclase and alkali feldspar are low in the greisen zones while K-feldspar shows more increase than plagioclase in the potassic zone. Quartz is uniformly high in all the alteration zones, but it shows an anomalous value in the silicification zone. Al₂O₃ concentration shows initial depletion in greisen zone with gradual increase away from the contact. MgO and FeO are higher in greisen zone than silicification and potassic zones. The potassic zone is characterized by the depletion of Na₂O and higher value of K₂O.
The common presence of topaz and fluorite as both primary and secondary minerals and fluorine-bearing micas suggest fluorine partitioning in substantial amount between granitic melt and coexisting aqueous fluid phase and higher HF activity during the evolution of hydrothermal fluid. The mutual relationship of the fluorine minerals (topaz and fluorite) in the different alteration zones suggests an increase in the Ca²⁺ activity and decrease of H+ activity during the fluid evolution from greisenization towards alkali-metasomatised granite and the fluid is assumed to change from low to high activity ratio of Ca²⁺/H+.     

南雄断裂带构造演化及铀成矿作用

文章从粤北地区受南雄断裂带控制的南东侧盆地沉积建造组合、构造岩成分特征等入手,探讨南雄断裂带的发生发展、构造动力演化及不同阶段断裂组合形式和铀矿床区域定位规律,提出与南雄断裂带强烈挤压阶段相配套的北西向张性断裂系统是幔源岩浆作用及其深部热流体侵入通道和铀矿体赋存部位的观点。下一步工作重点应针对北西向张性断裂的隐蔽性特点,选择有效的地球物理和地球化学勘查手段,查明北西向断裂地表出露的确切位置、产状变化及其空间展布规律,配合钻探工程揭露验证,不断深化对区域铀成矿规律的认识,扩大找矿效果。     

东营凹陷王家岗地区王古1潜山构造特征及油气成藏条件

进一步了解王古1潜山的构造特征及成藏条件,利用渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷王家岗地区的大量三维地震剖面和一些钻井资料,并结合东营凹陷南坡缓坡带区域构造背景及成藏条件分析认为,王古1潜山初始发育于印支期,后经燕山期拉张断陷,切割为断块并抬升,最后于燕山期定型,为典型的缓坡盆倾残丘潜山。该潜山被NW向和NE向断裂切割,潜山高部位侵蚀风化严重,上覆孔店组盖层及沙河街组烃源岩,油气通过断层和不整合面运移至潜山顶部形成侵蚀残丘型油气藏。     

南美洲成矿区带划分及其地质特征

南美洲是全球成矿规律研究的热点地区,区内优势矿产资源铜、铁、铝土矿、锡、铌、锂、金、银等在世界上占有重要地位,也是全球矿产勘查投资的重点地区。根据大地构造单元划分,结合实际矿床(点)空间分布、主要成矿类型及其成矿背景,对南美洲开展了三级成矿区带划分,共划分出2个Ⅰ级成矿区,9个Ⅱ级成矿省和42个Ⅲ级成矿带。阐述了南美洲成矿区带划分原则、命名规则、优势矿种、主要成矿时代等。以圭亚那地盾成矿省(Ⅱ-1)泛亚马孙成矿带(Ⅲ-2)为例,概述了Ⅲ级成矿带的优势矿种、矿床类型、赋矿岩系、控矿因素等,总结了区域构造演化、变质作用、岩浆活动等与成矿的关系。     

西藏列廷冈铁多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其地质意义

列廷冈铁多金属矿床不仅是西藏林周盆地已发现的众多铁多金属矿床中工业价值、找矿远景最好的矿床之一,而且是冈底斯成矿带Fe、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等多矿化元素组合的典型代表。本次研究利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学测试方法,对列廷冈矿床8件辉钼矿进行了精确定年,首次明确了矿床成矿时代。测试结果表明,辉钼矿模式年龄为(60.97±0.92)Ma~(63.19±0.93)Ma,等时线年龄为(62.28±0.66)Ma(MSWD=0.74),矿床形成于古新世,与印度—亚洲大陆主碰撞阶段在冈底斯成矿作用有关。矿床辉钼矿Re含量变化于0.54×10-6~84.72×10-6,指示矿床成矿物质来源主要为壳幔混源。列廷冈矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源的厘定,对于区域上开展古新世铁多金属矿床的找矿预测具有十分重要的意义。     

柴北缘-东昆仑地区的造山型金矿床

柴北缘－东昆仑是中国西部秦祁昆褶皱山系的一部分，它的显生宙造山经历了加里东和晚华力西－印支两个旋回，并以多岛洋／裂陷槽、软碰撞和多旋回造山为特点。该区已发现多个造山型金矿床，它们具有相似的地质－地球化学特征。有两组成矿年龄：一是是加里东期（相当于加里东造山晚期）；二是晚华力西－印支期（处于该造山旋回晚期）。前期为性地中地壳顶部－上地壳底部的金矿化，后期则形成于较浅层次（1．2－5．7km）的金矿体侵位自区域北部向南部，矿床元素组合由Au-As向Au-Sb转化，金矿成矿年龄由老变新，成矿深度相应变浅。研究认为，与碰撞有关的热事件以及逐步升高地热增温率，驱动被加热的建造水和大气降水流体沿碰撞带和大型剪切等长距离地迁移、活动，并淋取围岩的成矿元素，形成含金流体。在进入到矿床或矿体构造后，由于构造性质转换，物理化学条件亦随之改变，含金流体沉淀，形成金矿体。这些金矿形成于造山晚期，是造山作用的产物，后者为前者提供了空间、热－动力条件。