秦巴山区根类中药材气候适宜性区划

2008年秋冬季节长治市出现了严重的干旱。本文通过对2008年11月-2009年1月份北半球500hPa位势高度场和距平场的分析,发现西太平洋副高较常年强度偏强、脊线偏北、位置较常年同期偏东,西南暖湿气流异常不活跃是造成长治市长时期无降水的主要原因。通过对长治市2008年秋冬季气候要素的描述,分析了大气异常环流造成长治市秋冬季严重干旱的成因,并对秋冬季干旱对农业的影响作了详细分析,提出了干旱应对措施。     

Homogeneous freezing of single sulfuric and nitric acid solution drops levitated in an acoustic trap

The freezing temperatures of single supercooled drops of binary and ternary sulfuric and nitric acid solutions were measured while varying the acid concentration. An acoustic levitator was used which allows to freely suspend single solution drops in air without electrical charges thereby avoiding any electrical influences which may affect the freezing process. The drops of typically 500 µm in radius were monitored by a video camera during cooling cycles down to − 85 °C to simulate the upper tropospheric and stratospheric temperature range. The present data confirm that liquid solution droplets can be supercooled far below the equilibrium melting point by approximately 35 °C. They follow the general trend of the expected freezing temperatures for homogeneous ice nucleation.     

松辽盆地长岭断陷营城组火山岩储集空间特征及演化

通过对长岭断陷营城组火山岩岩心、铸体薄片的详细观察和物性资料的统计分析认为,该区储层岩石类型多样,主要有流纹岩、流纹质晶屑凝灰岩和原地自碎角砾化熔岩等,不同岩石类型其储集空间发育特征不同,但主要由原生气孔、次生溶孔和裂缝组合构成储集空间。储集空间演化过程可分为三个阶段:原生储集空间形成阶段、表生淋滤作用阶段和埋藏成岩作用阶段,在以上演化过程中,储集性能受岩性岩相、构造运动和风化淋滤溶蚀作用的共同影响,在受深大断裂控制的火山机构近火山口相带、古构造高部位的溶蚀岩相带,裂缝及后期溶蚀孔隙发育,是优质储层分布区。     

溶浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可行性及溶浸动力学模拟

我国杂卤石矿资源丰富,由于其较难溶性和深埋藏的特点,至今仍未开发利用。根据杂卤石矿成矿条件分析,该矿具有良好的封闭围岩,具备溶浸开采的基本地质条件。溶浸开采杂卤石的技术关键在于其中有效成分的溶出。理论及实验基础研究表明CaCl2等无机盐溶液可改善杂卤石的溶解性能。溶浸开采可能成为深埋藏杂卤石的开发的有效途径。通过实验考查溶浸剂CaCl2浓度、矿石粒度、渗滤速度、渗滤路径等影响杂卤石溶解过程的技术因素,溶解过程动力学研究结果表明用氯化钙溶液渗滤浸出杂卤石的过程符合В.С.Голубев—Г.Н.Крuчев建立的金属浸出动力学模型即C=CH[1-e-γ(χ-vBt)U-vB]。浸出液中K+浓度同渗滤速度与渗滤路径长度之比呈指数关系。根据溶解实验数据求得钾浸出速率常数及钾充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间。当渗滤速度从0.159m/h提高到0.318m/h时,浸出速率常数分别为0.03132h-1和0.04383h-1,金属离子充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间由297.528h降为218.997h。地浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可以缓解我国钾盐资源紧缺矛盾。     

离子色谱法同时测定铀矿浸出液中的阳离子

对铬铁矿中亚铁的测定方法进行了探讨。首先对已有方法进行了验证和筛选,然后对Li2SO4助熔剂的助溶作用及其反应机理进行了研究,从而推荐了H2SO4-H3PO4-V2O5-V(Ⅳ)-Li2SO4和H2SO4-H3PO4-Ce(SO4)2-Li2SO4两种改进型的溶剂体系用于铬铁矿试样中亚铁的测定,所得结果具有良好的重现性。     

云南安楚高速公路大红田隧道涌水分析

依据大红田隧道水文地质勘察和监测数据,结合前人已有成果,重点探讨隧道涌水特征、涌水影响范围及地下水消失量,并尝试对断流泉出流进行预测。     

碳质银精矿氯化浸出工艺的研究与应用

采用氧化焙烧工艺对碳质银精矿进行除碳、除硫预处理,试验确定焙烧温度为650℃。焙砂以3YL--NaCl无氰氯化体系浸出,研究了影响氯化浸出的因素:3YL用量、氯化钠浓度、浸出酸度、时间、温度℃及固液比等,并在试验确定的工艺条件下,进行了公斤级试验,得出Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn的氯化浸出率分别为95.1%、91.6%、85.7%、95.2%、83.8%。     

松辽盆地北部西斜坡地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

本文从基础地质条件出发,全面分析了松辽盆地北部西斜坡的铀成矿条件,认为该区具有丰富的铀源和平缓东倾单斜构造、辫状河沉积体系和辫状河三角洲沉积体系,有发育良好的透水层和隔水层,补-径-排机制较完善。水文地质条件较好,具有渗入型自流水盆地特征,具备了地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿地质条件,勘探前景广阔。     

原地浸出采铀的水岩作用研究

原地浸出采铀时，含矿层会发生各种复杂的水岩作用。运用聚类分析方法研究溶浸化学全分析数据发现，除了CO3^2-和HCO3^-之外，其他组分呈正相关，而且有些组分密切正相关，说明它们的浓度变化规律很相似。根据含矿层矿物成分，分析了矿物和溶浸液之间的水岩反应，推出了反应方程式，并探讨了溶浸液中各种组分可能的来源。然后，用矿石静态浸出试验的数据对各种组分的反应速度进行了定量对比。     

Impact of Ditching in a Small Forested Catchment on Concentrations of Suspended Material, Organic Carbon, Hydrogen Ions and Metals in Stream Water

Stream-water samples were collected during a 4-year-period in twosmall streams, one whose catchment was ditched for forestry halfway through the sampling period and another nearby reference stream whose catchment was not ditched during this period. The main aim was to study the impact of forest ditching on stream-water quality. Whereas the artificial drainage did not change the hydrograph pattern, it had a large effect on stream hydrochemistry: the concentrations of suspended material, Mn, Ca, Mg and Al increased, theconcentrations of total organic carbon decreased, and pH increased by approximately one unit, from an average of 4.4 to 5.4. The increase in suspended material, Mn and Al concentrations is explainedby the physical mobilisation of mineral particulates/colloids from mineral soils (till) exposed on the ditch slopes beneath the peat layer, while the increase in Ca and Mg loads is explained by the release of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in exchange reactions in this same soil layer. The increase in pH and decrease in TOC concentrations after ditching are related to changes in hydrological flow paths in the catchments, and most likely to immobilisation of both hydrogen ions and humic substances in the near neutral till horizon exposed beneath the peat layer. Only the aquatic abundance of Fewas not significantly affected by the ditching.