粘土矿物在过去环境变化研究中的应用

粘土矿物是一种广泛分布于地表的沉积物,其组合及含量的变化记录了源区过去气候环境变化的信息。因此,可以根据粘土矿物的含量和组合变化等信息推知其形成时期的气候环境,重建古环境,揭示气候环境演变的规律。粘土矿物是一种研究古环境演化重要的代用指标,在过去气候环境变化研究中有广阔的应用前景。     

Late Quaternary clay minerals off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea: Implications for source analysis and East Asian monsoon evolution

High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 450 ka during late Quaternary from Core MD05-2901 off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea are re-ported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. Variations in Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, while changes in smectite content present a higher frequency cyclicity. The provenance analysis indicates a mixture of individual clay minerals from various sources surrounding the South China Sea. Smectite derived mainly from the Sunda shelf and its major source area of the Indonesian islands. Illite and chlorite originated mainly from the Mekong and Red rivers. Kaolinite was provided mainly by the Pearl River. Spectral analysis of the kaolin-ite/(illite chlorite) ratio displays a strong eccentricity period of 100 ka, implying the ice sheet-forced win-ter monsoon evolution; whereas higher frequency changes in the smectite content show an ice sheet-forced obliquity period of 41 ka, and precession periods of 23 and 19 ka and a semi-precession period of 13 ka as well, implying the tropical-forced summer monsoon evolution. The winter monsoon evolution is generally in coherence with the glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with intensified winter monsoon winds during glacials and weakened winter monsoon winds during interglacials; whereas the summer monsoon evolution provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, with strengthened summer monsoon during higher insolation and weakened summer monsoon during lower insolation. The result suggests that the high-latitude ice sheet and low-latitude tropical factor could drive the late Quaternary evolution of East Asian winter and summer monsoons, respectively, implying their diplex and self-contained forcing mechanism.     

SQ—70型倾斜仪调仪器后校正值计算的改进方法

根据倾斜固体潮波记录曲线的特性及多年工作的经验，对现行观测中，调仪器时间较长或停记时间较长情况下进行校正值的计算提出了一种改进方法，该方法能较好地提高校正值计算的精度，使校正值更为合理。     

利用非金属矿制备白炭黑现状及发展前景

简术了白炭黑的用途和制备方法，综述了利用非金属矿制备白炭黑的方法和技术现状，对充分利用非金属矿制备白炭黑提供思路并展望其发展前景。     

Electric conductivity of Fe2SiO4–Fe3O4 spinel solid solutions

 The spinel solid solution was found to exist in the whole range between Fe₃O₄ and γ-Fe₂SiO₄ at over 10 GPa. The resistivity of Fe_{3− x} Si _x O₄ (0.0<x<0.288) was measured in the temperature range of 80∼300 K by the AC impedance method. Electron hopping between Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ in the octahedral site of iron-rich phases gives a large electric conductivity at room temperature. The activation energy of the electron hopping becomes larger with increasing γ-Fe₂SiO₄ component. A nonlinear change in electric conductivity is not simply caused by the statistical probability of Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ electron hopping with increasing the total Si content. This is probably because a large number of Si⁴⁺ ions occupies the octahedral site and the adjacent Fe²⁺ keeping the local electric neutrality around Si⁴⁺ makes a cluster, which generates a local deformation by Si substitution. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of solid solutions indicates the Verwey transition temperature, which decreases from 124(±2) K at x=0 (Fe₃O₄) to 102(±5) K at x=0.288, and the electric conductivity gap at the transition temperature decreases with Si⁴⁺ substitution. Received: 15 March 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000     

The heat capacity of two natural chlorite group minerals derived from differential scanning calorimetry

The heat capacity of natural chamosite (X_Fe=0.889) and clinochlore (X_Fe=0.116) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. DSC measurements between 143 and 623?K were made following the procedure of Bosenick et?al. (1996). The fitted data for natural chamosite (CA) in J?mol^?1?K^?1 give: C _p,CA = 1224.3–10.685?×?10³?×?T ^??0.5???6.4389?× 10⁶?×T ^??2?+?8.0279?×?10⁸?×?T ^??3 and for the natural clinochlore (CE): C _p,CE = 1200.5–10.908?×?10³?×T ^??0.5?? 5.6941?×?10⁶?×?T ^??2?+?7.1166?×?10⁸?×?T ^??3. The corrected C _p-polynomial for pure end-member chamosite (Fe₅Al)[Si₃AlO₁₀](OH)₈ is C _p,CAcor = 1248.3–11.116?× 10³?×?T ^??0.5???5.1623?×?10⁶?×?T ^??2?+?7.1867?×?10⁸×T ^??3 and the corrected C _p-polynomial for pure end-member clinochlore (Mg₅Al)[Si₃AlO₁₀](OH)₈ is C _p,CEcor = 1191.3–10.665?×?10³?×?T ^??0.5???6.5136?×?10⁶?×?T ^??2?+ 7.7206?×?10⁸?×?T ^??3. The corrected C _p-polynomial for clinochlore is in excellent agreement with that in the internally consistent data sets of Berman (1988) and Holland and Powell (1998). The derived C _p-polynomial for chamosite (C _p,CAcor) leads to a 4.4% higher heat capacity, at 300?K, compared to that estimated by Holland and Powell (1998) based on a summation method. The corrected C _p-polynomial (C _p,CAcor) is, however, in excellent agreement with the computed C _p-polynomial given by Saccocia and Seyfried (1993), thus supporting the reliability of Berman and Brown's (1985) estimation method of heat capacities.     

EXTRACTION OF THE STANDARD ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF MINERALS FROM REVERSED EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH INS

An improvement on the new method of Intervalhalving-Scanning (INS) proposed by the senior author for derivation of thermodynamic properties of minerals from reversed experiment (REP) data has been made in the present work. The treatment of the REP data of 6 reactions in the system MgO-SiO_2-H_2O and the derivation of △_(?)H(?) (298. 15K) for minerals Talc,Forsterite and Anthophyllite are chosen as an example for demonstration of the application of the method.INS is quite different from all the methods for the derivation in the literature and throughout based on thermodynamic principles and equations so that its thermodynamical validity is thoroughgoing.     

我国一些铜镍硫化物矿床主要金属矿物的特征

镍、铜共生的铜镍硫化物矿床是镍矿也是铜矿的重要矿床类型。磁黄铁矿，镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿是这类矿床的主要金属矿物。它们的某些矿物学特征，特别是微量元素Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值，与其他铜矿类型明显不同，这三种矿物组成不同于任何其他铜矿类型的典型矿物共生组合， 形成特殊的海绵损铁状、球滴状构造。     

瑞典硫化物矿山尾矿淋滤水的控制

在瑞典,硫化物矿尾矿污染水的淋滤造成巨大的环境污染问题。本文概述一项利用天然土覆盖尾矿、最大限度地减少淋滤水的调查报告。研究表明,天然土渗水性是如此之高,以致于起不到明显的隔水效果。天然土盖层只能减少高降雨量期或迅速化雪期的渗水量,而且只对淋滤水峰值有作用。但是,作为一种蓄水体,位于尾矿顶部的密封盖层具有重要意义,它可以增加蒸腾损失。     

Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park,Tennessee, and North Carolina,USA

Metal cycling via physical and chemical weathering of discrete sources (copper mines) and regional (non-point) sources (sulfide-rich shale) is evaluated by examining the mineralogy and chemistry of weathering products in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA. The elements in copper mine waste, secondary minerals, stream sediments, and waters that are most likely to have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems are aluminum, copper, zinc, and arsenic because these elements locally exceed toxicity guidelines for surface waters or for stream sediments. Acid-mine drainage has not developed in streams draining inactive copper mines. Acid-rock drainage and chemical weathering processes that accompany debris flows or human disturbances of sulfidic rocks are comparable to processes that develop acid-mine drainage elsewhere. Despite the high rainfall in the mountain range, sheltered areas and intermittent dry spells provide local venues for development of secondary weathering products that can impact aquatic ecosystems.Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.