The empirical relationships between M s, m b and M L for China and vicinity

Data from 753 earthquakes are used to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M _s) and bodywave magnitude (m _b), and from 541 earthquakes to determine a relationship between surface-wave magnitude (M _s) and local magnitude (M _L) for China and vicinity: M _s=0.9883 m _b-0.0420, M _s=0.9919 M _L-0.1773. The relationship of M _s versus m _b is obtained for 292 events occurred in the Chinese mainland in the time period from 1964 to 1996, 291 events occurred in Taiwan in the time period from 1964 to 1995 and 170 events occurred in the surrounding area. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.445. Relationship of M _s versus M _L is obtained for 36 events occurred in the Chinese mainland, 293 events occurred in Taiwan, China and 212 events occurred in the surrounding area. The total amount is 541 events. Standard deviation of the fitting is 0.4673. The uncertainties of the converted M _s in different magnitude intervals can be estimated using complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). In the relationship of M _s versus m _b, taking ±0.25 as a range of uncertainties, in magnitude interval m _b 4.0–4.9, the probabilities for the converted M _s taken value less than (M _s-0.25) and more than (M _s+0.25) are 17% and 27% respectively. Similarly, we have probabilities for m _b 5.0–5.9 are 34% and 20% and that for m _b 6.0–6.9 are 11% and 47%. In the relationship of M _s versus M _L, if the range of uncertainties is still taken as ±0.25, the corresponding probabilities for magnitude interval M _L 4.0–4.9 are 22% and 38%, for M _L 5.0–5.9 are 20% and 15% and for magnitude interval M _L 6.0–6.9, are 15% and 29%, respectively. The relationships developed in this paper can be used for the conversion of one magnitude scale into another magnitude scales conveniently. The estimation of uncertainties described in this paper is more accurate and more objective than the usual estimation expressed by deviation. The estimations described in this paper indicate various dispersions in different magnitude intervals of original data. The estimations of uncertainties described by probabilities can be well connected with the total estimations of uncertainties in seismic hazard assessment.     

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INTRODUCTIONThemannerefraCtionseisAncmehodisirnP0Ftantf0rstudyofmarinecrustandregionalgeo1ogicalteCtonics.Mufauchi(1968),Leyden(l973),Ludwig(l973),JinXianglongetal.(l986)reportedsonobu0yreffoCtionseisAncrmurernentSintheEesandtheOkinawaTroughregion,studiedthetaltatarysequenceandthickness0fthebasernent,andcomPataltheveoCityugeoftheuppercrustallayers.beetal.(l98O)werethefustto0btainaMohodepthofl5kminthecentralaxisoftheOkinawaTroughbyusingtwo-shipreffoCtionseisAncrneh0ds.Usingl8ocanb…     

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对岩石在单轴受力状态下的损伤扩展进行CT扫描，分别利用CT扫描和Lemaitre等效应变假设计算其损伤变量。损伤本构关系分析表明，Lemaitre等效应变假设采用不同形式损伤变量时，既有形式上的差异，又有其内在的联系。     

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通过对△Ｃ（即后生碳酸盐）成因机理的分析，结合典型实例，对△Ｃ异常与烃类异常的相互配置关系及其与地下深处油气藏联系的研究，大量事实证明，△Ｃ异常并不总是与烃类异常一致的，只有当△Ｃ异常与烃类异常较一致时，△Ｃ异常才具有找油气藏的意义。     

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