膨润土加砂混合物膨胀特征试验研究

运用自行研制的膨胀仪对膨润土加砂混合物进行了一系列膨胀力及膨胀应变等膨胀特性的试验研究,分析了膨胀力随时间的变化规律、两向膨胀力之间的关系和膨胀应变与时间及吸水量之间的关系。试验研究表明,膨润土加砂混合物的最大膨胀力以及最大膨胀应变主要取决于混合物的最初干密度和膨润土含量,并且随着二者的增大而增大;膨润土加砂混合物的水平膨胀力与竖向膨胀力之比随着混合物干密度的增大减小,并且与干密度近似成线性关系;不同膨润土含量的膨润土加砂混合物的膨胀应变与时间成双曲线关系,与吸水量近似呈S型曲线关系,并且其最大膨胀应变与膨润土含量存在指数关系。试验结果对高放废物深处置库中的缓冲回填材料设计具有一定的参考价值。     

武汉市地表亮温与植被覆盖关系定量分析

利用2002年7月9日的ETM影像,提取武汉市的下垫面类型、地表亮温和植被覆盖度,探讨不同下垫面类型对地表亮温的影响;并采用分形维度计算方法, 研究代表样带的地表亮温和植被覆盖的分维值之间的相关性。结果表明:植被覆盖度越高,地表亮温越低。除水域外的下垫面类型中植被覆盖度与地表亮温存在显著的负相关,这种相关性高于地表亮温与NDVI之间的相关关系。对于样带的地表亮温和植被的分维值研究表明,亮温和植被覆盖度的分维值之间的相关系数高于亮温和NDVI的分维值之间的相关系数。     

大型土石混合体滑坡空间效应与稳定性研究

土石混合体滑坡是滑坡地质灾害中具有代表性的一类,由于该类滑坡在自然界中分布广泛并且较其他类型的滑坡更为复杂,常常给人类带来巨大的灾难。位于湖北省巴东县长江北岸的周家湾滑坡就属于这一类滑坡,该滑坡是著名的黄蜡石古滑坡群的重要组成部分。周家湾滑坡变形开始于20世纪80年代中期,滑坡导致地面出现张拉裂缝,近几年来变形逐步加剧,目前该滑坡处于蠕滑阶段。周家湾滑坡前缘为石榴树包滑坡的后壁,后缘为响石镐滑坡的坡脚,因此,周家湾滑坡的稳定性对响石镐滑坡及石榴树包滑坡存在着潜在的威胁。运用地质分析、工程地质力学分析等手段,剖析了周家湾滑坡体的地质环境、形态、结构等空间要素及其发育模式,并建立了相应的三维地质体概念模型。通过利用数值模拟技术,对滑坡体的稳定性、变形失稳机制进行了分析研究     

基于光谱混合分析的干旱荒漠区植被遥感信息提取研究——以古尔班通古特沙漠西缘为例

干旱荒漠区植被的盖度和空间分布特征是评判该区生态环境状况及荒漠化程度的重要指标。以Landsat TM影像为数据源,利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）和线性光谱混合分析模型（LSMM）两种方法对研究区——古尔班通古特沙漠西缘进行分析。在运用LSMM过程中,通过多种方法选择出最佳端元,并利用实测数据对混合像元分解结果进行验证。结果表明:①NDVI提取植被的方法受到很多限制,不适合在干旱荒漠区应用;②基于最小法非受限光谱混合分解结果较为理想,植被、盐碱地、裸沙和黑色砂粒等4种端元地物被选取出来;③LSMM提取的植被分量与实测植被盖度显著相关,线性相关系数为0.858,表明干旱荒漠区的植被盖度可以通过遥感影像提取的植被分量间接得到。     

土石混合体压缩性的三维颗粒力学研究

土石混合体是由作为骨料的砾石或卵石与作为填充料的黏土或砂土组成的特殊工程地质材料,无论天然形成或人工合成,其力学特性与均质土体或岩体相比均有较大差异。以昆明新机场高填方中大量采用土石混合体填料为工程背景,在三维颗粒流程序中对特定的土石混合体试样的侧限压缩试验进行数值模拟,比较了不同级配条件下土石混合体模型的微观结构及基本力学物理性能。通过比较侧限压缩模量和压缩后孔隙率,研究了含石率对土石混合体骨架效应等结构性的影响,并提出了工程中建议采用的土石比例区间,在颗粒流方法用于实际工程方面进行了有益的探索。     

Influence of size of granulated rubber and tyre chips on the shear strength characteristics of sand–rubber mix

Use of scrap tyres in isolation systems for seismic damping, requires a knowledge of the engineering properties of sand–rubber mixtures (SRM). The primary objective of this study is to assess the influence of granulated rubber and tyre chips size and the gradation of sand on the strength behaviour of SRM by carrying out large-scale direct shear tests. A large direct shear test has been carried out on SRM considering different granulated rubber and tyre chip sizes and compositions. The following properties were investigated to know the effect of granulated rubber on dry sand; peak shear stress, cohesion, friction angle, secant modulus and volumetric strain. From the experiments, it was determined that the major factors influencing the above-mentioned properties were granulated rubber and tyre chip sizes, percentage of rubber in SRM and the normal stress applied. It was observed that the peak strength was significantly increased with increasing granulated rubber size up to rubber size VI (passing 12.5 mm and retained on 9.5 mm), and by adding granulated rubber up to 30%. This study shows that granulated rubber size VI gives maximum shear strength values at 30% rubber content. It was also found that more uniformly graded sand gives an improved value of shear strength with the inclusion of granulated rubber when compared to poorly graded sand.     

Mathematical modeling of soil mixture flow surge and its application to coastal area

The purpose of this study is to investigate debris flow surge that is set up with a numerical model using governing equations applied by the dynamics of a liquid–solid mixture. This model is performed by applying the finite difference method to display elapses of time. To measure the behavior mechanisms of the debris flow surge, the following are analyzed: the flow discharge, flow depth, and sediment volume concentration at the end of downstream channel. The flow discharge and flow depth only surge right after the debris flow reaches the downstream channel as the berm width shortens. In contrast, as the berm width lengthens, the flow discharge and water flow recede. As the berm width decreases, the sediment concentration shows a high concentration and a great height difference at the inflection point. Vice versa, when the berm width increases, an inflection point can be seen, but it reveals a low concentration and a low height difference. The numerical model of this study was applied to the coast of South Korea and analyzed. This study will provide information in predicting disasters caused by debris flow and in planning for various counter measures to prevent disasters.     

考虑荷载作用的沥青混合料冻融损伤特性研究

针对寒区道路工程中的沥青路面冻融受荷损伤问题,借助细观损伤力学和宏观统计随机损伤模型,建立了冻融与荷载耦合作用下的沥青混合料损伤本构关系和损伤演化方程;探讨了冻融循环次数、应变和油石比影响下的沥青混合料冻融受荷损伤劣化机理。研究表明：冻融循环疲劳损伤累积和荷载作用于带有微缺陷粗集料界面附近产生的应力集中加剧了沥青混合料总损伤劣化程度。冻融循环20次之后,损伤度变化不大,基本趋于恒定;相同损伤程度时,应变值随冻融次数的增加而减小。油石比对总损伤影响显著,当油石比相对较小时,以冻融破坏为主;当油石比较大时,以受荷破损为主。研究成果可为寒区沥青路面抗冻设计、性能评价及养护维修时机选择提供参考。     

An elliptical basis function network for classification of remote sensing images

An elliptical basis function (EBF) network is employed in this study for the classification of remotely sensed images. Though similar in structure, the EBF network differs from the well-known radial basis function (RBF) network by incorporating full covariance matrices and employing the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the basis functions. Since remotely sensed data often take on mixture-density distributions in the feature space, the network not only possesses the advantage of the RBF mechanism, but also utilizes the EM algorithm to compute the maximum likelihood estimates of the mean vectors and covariance matrices of a Gaussian mixture distribution in the training phase. Experimental results show that the EM-based EBF network is more effective in training and simpler in structure than an RBF network constructed for the same task.The research was supported by grant 40101021 from the Natural Science Foundation of China, and grant 2002AA135230 from Hi-Tech research and development program of China. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments.     

地热系统中的混合作用及其应用研究

地热系统中冷水和热水的混合作用是一种非常普遍的现象，它伴随在地热流体循环的整个过程之中。研究混合作用，对认识地热水的形成条件及其化学成分的演化规津、对评价地热田的开发潜力等方面都具有非常重要的意义。本文在分析混合地热水的主要标志的基础上，重点探讨了混合作用的水化学效应．最后对冰岛Ｈｒｉｓｅｙ热田的混合作用实例进行了研究。