Pipe–soil interaction and pipeline performance under strike–slip fault movements

The performance of pipelines subjected to permanent strike–slip fault movement is investigated by combining detailed numerical simulations and closed-form solutions. First a closed-form solution for the force–displacement relationship of a buried pipeline subjected to tension is presented for pipelines of finite and infinite lengths. Subsequently the solution is used in the form of nonlinear springs at the two ends of the pipeline in a refined finite element model, allowing an efficient nonlinear analysis of the pipe–soil system at large strike–slip fault movements. The analysis accounts for large strains, inelastic material behavior of the pipeline and the surrounding soil, as well as contact and friction conditions on the soil–pipe interface. The numerical models consider infinite and finite length of the pipeline corresponding to various angles β between the pipeline axis and the normal to the fault plane. Using the proposed closed-form nonlinear force–displacement relationship for buried pipelines of finite and infinite length, axial strains are in excellent agreement with results obtained from detailed finite element models that employ beam elements and distributed springs along the pipeline length. Appropriate performance criteria of the steel pipeline are adopted and monitored throughout the analysis. It is shown that the end conditions of the pipeline have a significant influence on pipeline performance. For a strike–slip fault normal to the pipeline axis, local buckling occurs at relatively small fault displacements. As the angle between the fault normal and the pipeline axis increases, local buckling can be avoided due to longitudinal stretching, but the pipeline may fail due to excessive axial tensile strains or cross sectional flattening. Finally a simplified analytical model introduced elsewhere, is enhanced to account for end effects and illustrates the formation of local buckling for relative small values of crossing angle.     

新疆巴楚和塔什库尔干地震台下方地壳结构研究

Using the teleseismic waveform data recorded by the seismic station Bachu( hereafter referred to as station BCH) i n the Tarim Basin and the seismic station Taxkorgan(h ereafter referred to as station TAG) i n the west Kunlun Mountains for years,we applied the receiver function H-κ stacking method to study the crustal structure beneath stations BCH and TAG. The results showed that there are obvious differences in the crustal thickness beneath stations BCH and TAG,and the regional crustal thickness and terrain have a very good corresponding relationship. There are high crustal average V P/ V S values beneath the two stations. The crustal thickness is 44 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 849 beneath station BCH. There is a sharp discontinuity in the middle of the crust beneath station BCH at a depth of 21 km. There is a low average P wave velocity and low V P/ V S from the surface to the discontinuity beneath station BCH.The depth of the discontinuity is consistent with the lower interface of the focal depth from accurate location in the Jiashi earthquake source area adjacent to station BCH; and may be the crustal brittle-ductile conversion boundary. The crustal thickness is 69 km,and the crustal average wave velocity ratio is 1. 847 beneath station TAG,a thicker crust and high V P/ V S may indicate that materials in the lower crustal are prone to plastic flow,which is responsible for the thickening of the crust.     

试论地理国情监测专业的人才培养和学科体系

地理国情监测是我国提出的一项国家战略,已经成为我国测绘地理信息事业今后20年发展的重要内容,是测绘地理信息部门未来的重要职责。人才是地理国情监测的第一资源,培养地理国情监测的优秀人才是地理国情监测的基础性工作。本文在对地理国情监测的基础理论和支撑技术进行分析的基础上,从地理国情监测工作的需求出发,立足于科学发展和学科前沿,对地理国情监测的学科体系和人才培养进行了分析和探讨。     

基于地理实体的基础测绘生产组织模式探索

首先分析了目前我国基础地理信息资源建设存在的主要问题,提出了通过构建地理实体数据库实现基础地理信息资源的共享和深入应用的构想。其次,深入分析了目前国内外地理实体数据库的研究及建设现状。在以上基础上,最后以优先满足国家事权为原则,提出了基于地理实体数据采集的我国基础测绘国家、省、市县任务分工和生产组织模式构想。     

行业高校测绘卓越工程师多元化培养模式构建研究与实践

“测绘卓越工程师教育培养计划”是《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》高等教育改革和发展中具有战略性意义的一项重要任务。本文紧抓人才培养模式创新的关键性要素作为切入点,创建了一套行业需求为导向的测绘工程专业卓越人才培养体系,搭建“高工程素质、强实践能力”的人才培养模式,完善专业课程体系,加强师资队伍建设,强化多元实践教学,构筑创新实践平台,着力提高学生的工程意识、工程素质和工程实践能力。     

海量遥感影像分块逆映射快速坐标转换

提出了一种海量遥感影像分块逆映射快速坐标转换算法,并针对分块窗口的形状和大小对处理过程所占内存与处理效率造成的影响作了试验与分析并得出结论。该算法使得处理过程所占内存不受原影像与处理后影像的尺寸大小所限制,并且通过与主流遥感影像处理软件对比试验的结果可以看出,该算法可以完成超大幅遥感影像与分幅遥感影像的坐标转换处理,处理分幅影像时有效地避免了影像间的接缝,同时处理效率达到主流的专业遥感影像处理软件水平。     

对流层映射函数对陆态网解算精度的影响

对流层映射函数是卫星高度角及其他一些因素的函数,它的好坏直接影响对流层延迟改正的效果。本文介绍了NMF、VMF1及GMF 3种模型,采用2016年陆态网及周边IGS站数据,通过GAMIT软件计算对比分析了3种映射函数对陆态网解算精度的影响。结果表明,在进行陆态网解算时,3种映射函数模型精度差别不大,截止高度角为10°时精度最佳。     

就业视域下测绘类专业多层次人才培养模式探讨——以中国矿业大学为例

人才作为学科的核心要素,直接检验学科建设效果。本文通过分析近7年来测绘类专业就业数据发现,其就业率都在97%以上,形成了升学出国、测绘类民营企业、国有企业就业“三分天下”的局面;就业地区主要集中在东部沿海地区、北部沿海地区和长江中游地区。测绘类专业发展面临国家战略、能源革命、高教改革、科技发展、国际合作等新形势和机遇,提出了4类分层的人才结构培养方向和能力目标,始终坚持打造矿业特色测绘类专业世界标杆,从而提升了人才培养水平的对策和措施。     

利用低空无人机摄影测量快速构建矿区线状地物信息

矿区线状地物是矿山生产建设的重要部分,狭长的形态特征和有限的测量人力限制了监测工作。低空无人机摄影测量具有响应快、周期短、精度高、易操作、成本低的特点,而且获取数据内容丰富、可视性强,为矿区线状地物的快速监测提供了可能。本文选取典型高潜水位井工矿区的线状地物——以矿区专用铁路和防洪堤坝为例,设计3个相对航高（50、75、100 m）作业方案,快速构建矿区线状地物信息,评价模型结果的平面和高程精度,并检验了其可靠性,讨论了无人机摄影测量的时间与效率的权衡问题。研究表明,低空无人机摄影测量可快速获取矿区线状地物的厘米级地形信息,具有较高的平面与高程精度,平面精度可达1∶500比例尺地形图的要求,高程基本能满足1∶1000比例尺制图规范。植被覆盖对模型高程值的精度影响显著,模型内部的空间关系相对稳定可靠,经成本与效率的权衡后优选相对航高100 m为最优作业方案。矿区测绘可尝试低空无人机与传统测绘方法相结合的作业新模式,快速高效地获取监测结果。     

海岛岸线遥感立体测图精细测量方法

提出了一种海岛岸线遥感测图精细测量新方法,该方法直接基于理论定义的海岸线,利用航空影像瞬时水涯线数据在立体测图环境中提取瞬时水位高程;利用海岛周边精密海潮模型和瞬时水位高程推算海岛岸线高程;最后依据海岛岸线高程,采用立体测图方法测制海岛岸线的平面位置。该方法确保了海岛岸线成果的唯一性和连续性,适合大比例尺的大陆海岸线和海岛岸线测量。测试结果显示,在较高精度海潮模型和海面地形支持下,海岛岸线高程精度优于0.2 m,可满足1：2000测图要求。