牵引式滑坡特征及主被动加固比较分析

通过对牵引式滑坡发展过程的分析,着重说明牵引式滑坡自下而上规模不断扩大的特性。牵引式滑坡整治分被动加固与主动加固：被动加固存在着滑面抗剪强度下降、滑动范围扩大、加固力增大等问题,并造成较大的工程损失和环境资源破坏;主动加固能有效利用潜在滑动面的固有强度,减少工程造价。在被动加固时,应考虑牵引式滑坡的发展过程,对最初滑体采用有效加固、后牵引滑体采用加固补偿的原则。     

新型锚管构架在边坡加固中的应用

针对边坡病害治理工程往往存在工期紧、施工场地受限等特点,研究了一种用于边坡加固的新型结构,即锚管构架。介绍了锚管构架的组成和特点,基于Winkler理论,建立了锚管构架的力学计算模型,并编制了弹性杆系有限元计算程序。将锚管构架应用于西气东输管道沿线某填土边坡的病害治理中,结果表明,按照Winkler理论建立的计算模型较好的反映了锚管构架实际的受力和变形形态,输气管道的安全运营得到了保障。     

Soil erosion prediction at the basin scale using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) in a catchment of Sicily (southern Italy)

Soil erosion by water is a serious problem in southern Italy, particularly in Sicily which is one of the Italian administrative regions prone to desertification. Soil erosion not only affects soil quality, in terms of agricultural productivity, but also reduces the availability of water in reservoirs. This study was conducted in the Comunelli catchment in south-central Sicily, to predict potential annual soil loss using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and to test the reliability of this methodology to predict reservoirs siltation. The RUSLE factors were calculated for the catchment using survey data and rain gauge measurement data. The R-factor was calculated from daily, monthly and annual precipitation data. The K-factor was calculated from soil samples collected in May and November 2004. The LS topographic factor was calculated from a 20 m digital elevation model. The C- and P-factors, in absence of detailed data, were set to 1. The results were compared with those obtained from another soil loss estimation method based on ¹³⁷Cs and with the soil loss estimated from the sediment volume stored in the Comunelli reservoir between 1968 and 2004.     

Response of multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced bed resting on soft soil with stone columns

In the present study, a mechanical model has been developed to study the behavior of multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill over stone column-reinforced soft soil. The granular fill and geosynthetic reinforcement layers have been idealized by Pasternak shear layer and rough elastic membranes, respectively. The Kelvin–Voight model has been used to represent the time-dependent behavior of saturated soft soil. The stone columns are idealized by stiffer springs and assumed to be linearly elastic. The nonlinear behavior of the soft soil and granular fill is considered. The effect of consolidation of soft soil due to inclusion of the stone columns on settlement response has also been included in the model. Plane strain conditions are considered for the loading and reinforced foundation soil system. An iterative finite difference scheme is applied for obtaining the solution and results are presented in nondimensional form. It has been observed that if the soft soil is improved with stone columns, the multilayer reinforcement system is less effective as compared to single layer reinforcement to reduce the total settlement as there is considerable reduction in the total settlement due to stone column itself. Multilayer reinforcement system is effective for reducing the total settlement when stone columns are not used. However, multilayer reinforcement system is effective to transfer the stress from soil to stone column. The differential settlement is also slightly reduced due to application of multiple geosynthetic layers as compared to the single layer reinforcement system.     

Determining the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulations around a typical industrial town: Xushe,China

Industrial emissions are the major sources of heavy metal pollutions. This study investigates the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulation surrounding an industrial town in China, using the component partition method. Results show that Cu, Ni, Pb, and As have higher concentrations compared with their background levels and the industrial town has a significant impact on heavy metal accumulations in its surrounding agricultural soil. Prevailing wind direction may explain the difference of heavy metal concentration in different directions. Anthropogenic components of Cu, Ni, Pb and As, which decrease with distance following exponential functions, account for 11.4%, 6.2%, 18.5% and 7.9% of their total concentrations, respectively. The natural components are modeled as the functions of physico-chemical variables through multiple regressions. The accumulating processes of heavy metals affected by industrial activities could be explained by anthropogenic and natural components, and thus, it could provide basic information for further simulation of heavy metal accumulations.     

对穿预应力锚索在煤矿井下地质病害治理中的应用

胡家河矿井副井马头门因处于软岩地层中,在副井井筒安装中发生了较大的变形破坏,经分析论证对比,确定采用注浆锚索加固,通过对穿预应力锚索与短锚杆相结合,以锚索为主的加固方法进行施工,使软岩破坏变形趋于稳定,治理效果良好。     

The Environmental benefits and costs of conservation tillage

 Every production practice, including conservation tillage, has positive or negative environmental consequences that may involve air, land, water, and/or the health and ecological status of wildlife. The negative impacts associated with agricultural production, and the use of conventional tillage systems in particular, include soil erosion, energy use, leaching and runoff of agricultural chemicals, and carbon emissions. Several of these impacts are quantified. The conclusions suggest that the use of conservation tillage does result in less of an adverse impact on the environment from agricultural production than does conventional tillage by reducing surface water runoff and wind erosion. Additionally, wildlife habitat will be enhanced to some extent with the adoption of conservation tillage and the benefits to be gained from carbon sequestration will depend on the soil remaining undisturbed. Finally, further expansion of conservation tillage on highly erodible land will unquestionably result in an increase in social benefits, but the expected gains will be modest.     

SM85型深层搅拌伸缩钻具的研制

介绍了深层搅拌施工技术在工程领域的应用,对比目前深层搅拌施工机械的优缺点,简要介绍了采用伸缩式钻杆的三轴搅拌钻具工作原理及各个部件的组成,以及各部件的工况要求和使用特点,针对几个主要的部件做了详细的介绍。与传统三轴深层搅拌钻机在钻深参数、系统稳定和操作等方面做了比较。     

变形岩体软弱破裂带的处理技术

在研究完成变形岩体软弱破裂带或灌性的基础上,彩旋喷注浆技术进行直接加固处理,提高破裂带的内聚力和内摩擦角。实践证明,抑制了岩体的变形,防止了滑坡的产生。     

北京怀柔板栗种植区地质背景研究

通过对北京怀柔板栗种植区的地质特征和土壤地球化学特征进行研究,发现其广泛发育的花岗岩和片麻岩地质背景、适宜的海拔高度、降水量、温度以及呈弱酸性的疏松土质等条件十分适合板栗生长。研究评价结果显示,种植区土壤中富含P、Mn、Fe等矿质营养元素,以及有效铜、有效锌和有效铁等,并且环境质量总体优良,土壤和灌溉水重金属元素含量基本符合无公害板栗种植的产地要求,为怀柔板栗产品附加值的提升及品牌宣传提供了依据。