基于GIS空气质量模拟结果的表达方法研究

分析基于Surfer空气质量模拟结果等值线表达方法的优缺点,探讨基于GIS空气质量模拟结果可视化的技术与方法;借助ArcGIS Engine 9.3,集成Calpuff模型,对气象场、污染浓度时空分布特征与动态演变趋势等进行可视化试验。结果表明,基于GIS的空气质量模拟结果可视化能较好地表达研究区域的大气环境状况,对深入研究污染浓度的时空演变规律、污染影响范围与程度有很强的实际应用价值。     

日照茶树种植区表层土壤营养元素地球化学特征分析

对土壤中的营养元素进行分析,对于茶树种植及宜种性评价意义深远。该研究主要是利用1 km×1 km表层土壤采样数据,借助地统计学和GIS技术对日照茶树种植区表层土壤中主要营养元素的地球化学特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区N,P,K2O,S含量相对较丰富,而其他营养元素相对较贫乏;营养元素富集区大致以西湖、秦楼、岚山头3个镇为顶点呈三角分布。     

防风化喷涂技术在鲁村煤矿回风暗斜井的应用

基于煤巷锚网支护巷道受矿井潮湿环境影响出现的金属网锈蚀断裂、煤壁片帮、巷道失修等实际情况,使用方案比较的方法,分析了喷射混凝土封闭工艺和灰浆喷涂工艺优缺点,进而确定采用防风化喷涂技术进行施工。经实际应用,防风化喷涂技术对鲁村煤矿回风暗斜井的煤壁等四周围岩和锚杆、金属网起到了良好的封闭和防风化效果。保证了巷道正常的回风、行人需要,延长了巷道的服务期限。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000788

This paper presents numerical investigation on the ore-forming fluid migration driven by tectonic deformation and thermally-induced buoyancy force in the Chanziping ore district in South China. A series of numerical scenarios are considered to examine the effect of meteoric water precipitation, the dip angle of the faults, unconformity surface, and thermal input on the ore genesis. Our computations reveal that the downward basinal fluid flow driven by extensional stress mixes with the upward basal fluid driven by the thermal input from depth at the junction of two faults at a temperature of about 200 C, triggering the precipitation of the Chanziping uranium deposit.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000405

This study has focused on the processes of soil degradation and chemical element concentration in tea-growing regions of Rwanda, Africa. Soil degradation accelerated by erosion is caused not only by topography but also by human activities. This soil degradation involves both the physical loss and reduction in the amount of topsoil associated with nutrient decline. Soil samples were collected from eleven tropical zones in Rwanda and from variable depth within each collecting site. Of these, Samples from three locations in each zone were analyzed in the laboratory, with the result that the pH of all soil samples is shown to be less than 5 (pH < 5) with a general average of 4.4. The elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are present in high concentration levels. In contrast calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) are present at low-level concentrations and carbon (C) was found in minimal concentrations. In addition, elements derived from fertilizers, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) which is also from minerals such as feldspar, are also present in low-level concentrations. The results indicate that the soil in certain Rwandan tea plantations is acidic and that this level of pH may help explain, in addition to natural factors, the deficiency of some elements such as Ca, Mg, P and N. The use of chemical fertilizers, land use system and the location of fields relative to household plots are also considered to help explain why tea plantation soils are typically degraded.     

日照茶树种植区典型茶园的土壤肥力状况评价

通过野外采样和室内测定,以日照茶树种植区3个典型茶园为研究对象,每个茶园分别取鸠坑、黄山群体、福鼎大白各3个品种,最终取得9种茶样生长地的土样,研究分析土样的pH,有机质,全N,P,K,有效N,P,K等指标的土壤养分含量状况,并以此为评价指标,运用模糊综合评判法,对3个茶园的土壤肥力质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,茶园肥力综合水平为北垛春>碧波山庄>北叶青;茶园土壤总体上,pH值较适中,有机质含量很缺乏,全N含量偏低,全P含量中等,全K含量较高,有效N含量很缺乏,有效P含量非常丰富,有效K含量中等,并据此提出了关于该地区3个典型茶园今后合理施肥的一些建议。     

中国南海海表面温度与对流关系初探

利用1985年1月～2009年7月月平均海表面温度(SST)和代表局地对流的对外长波辐射(OLR)资料,讨论中国南海海表面温度与局地对流之间的关系。结果显示,在气候平均意义下,南海对流增强所需的SST阈值为27℃,即当SST低于27℃时,南海OLR值高于240 W/m2,并且随SST的升高变化不大;SST超过27℃后,随着SST的升高,OLR迅速减小,对流强度不断增强。与一般热带海洋不同之处在于SST超过29.5℃后对流仍加强。冬季风阶段(10月～次年4月)SST值较低,对流受到抑制,即使在3、4月SST高于27℃时对流强度仍较弱;5月为南海夏季风爆发月,SST较4月仅升高1℃,但对流强度显著增强;夏季风阶段(6～9月)南海的高温暖水使对流在平均意义上维持高值,但对流的变化与局地SST变化之间的关系不明显。     

突发性大气污染事故应急监测系统的设计与开发

本文对突发性大气污染事故应急临测系统的总体需求、体系结构、功能模块和关键技术进行了分析.通过分析突发性大气污染事故应急监测工作业务流程,提出系统的建立需在存储和管理多种应急监测相关数据的基础上,并与应急监测业务保持一致.为保证系统的高安伞性、实时性与可靠性,采用部署在局域网内的客户机/服务器体系结构.本文详细阐述了系统...     

北京一次强对流天气过程的数值模拟

为了对发生于2008年07月04日北京的一次强对流天气有更多的认识,利用三维对流云模式对其进行数值模拟研究。结果表明：模式可以较好地模拟出强对流天气各主要宏观发展阶段的特征,以及云中水成物粒子转化的微观特征;模式能够很好地模拟出此次强对流天气过程的风场特征,对流系统中存在有利的环境条件,风暴是由气流的辐合上升引起的。在发展初期,对流云低层为辐合上升气流,在对流云发展的成熟阶段,近地面层以辐散气流为主,中上层以辐合气流为主,且辐合达到最大,之后随着云体的消散,低层辐散下沉气流加强。气流在顶端转变方向,形成辐散出流。     

北京城区城市热岛的多时空尺度变化

利用气象台站数据分析北京城郊气温和城市热岛（UHI）强度的年变化及风速对北京UHI的影响;同时分析北京5个城市站点UHI在不同季节的日变化特征。结果表明,近44 a来北京市区与郊区的多年平均气温和UHI强度均呈增加的趋势。风速的降低促进北京城区的UHI出现增加趋势。风速对UHI的季节变化影响也很显著。2005年北京UH...