Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and geochemistry analyses of the Huyu igneous rocks in northwestern Beijing,China: possible new evidence for the initial destruction of the North China Craton

The timing and extent of cratonic destruction are crucial to understanding the crustal evolution of the North China Craton (NCC). Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotope data and the whole-rock major and trace element characteristics of the Huyu igneous rocks in northwestern Beijing, China, provide possible new evidence for the initial destruction of the NCC. The igneous rocks occur as several sills and dikes, including lamprophyre, monzonite porphyry, and aplite. The lamprophyres have high Mg^# and K₂O contents. The monzonite porphyries have high Mg^#, high K₂O contents, and negative ε_Hf(t) values with zircon U–Pb ages of 225.5–227.7 Ma. These two types of rocks are both enriched in large ion lithosphere elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) but are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and high rare earth elements (HREEs) and have almost no Eu anomalies and relatively high total rare earth element (ΣREE) contents. In contrast, the aplites exhibit high silica and K₂O contents, low MgO contents, and more negative ε_Hf(t) values with a zircon U–Pb age of 206.2 Ma. The aplites are also enriched in LILEs and LREEs but are depleted in HFSEs and HREEs, with strongly negative Eu, Ti, P, La, Ce, and Sr anomalies and relatively low ΣREE contents. These results indicate that the lamprophyres and monzonite porphyries represent a continuous cogenetic magma evolution series after melt derived from an enriched metasomatized lithospheric mantle experienced crust assimilation and fractional crystallization. The aplites were produced by the fractional crystallization of low-Mg parental magma derived from melting of the ancient Archaean crust. The occurrence of the Huyu intrusive rocks with many other plutons of similar ages on the northern margin of the NCC suggests that the northern NCC entered an intraplate extensional tectonic environment in the Late Triassic.     

Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Bayanhushuo area,southern Great Xing’an Range,NE China: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks

This study presents new zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks that crop out in the Bayanhushuo area of the southern Great Xing’an Range (GXR) of NE China. These data provide insights into the tectonic evolution of this area during the late Mesozoic and constrain the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Combining these new ages with previously published data suggests that the late Mesozoic volcanism occurred in two distinct episodes: Early–Middle Jurassic (176–173 Ma) and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (151–138 Ma). The Early–Middle Jurassic dacite porphyry belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series, showing the features of I-type igneous rock. This unit has zircon ε_Hf(t) values from +4.06 to +11.62 that yield two-stage model ages (T_DM2) from 959 to 481 Ma. The geochemistry of the dacite porphyry is indicative of formation in a volcanic arc tectonic setting, and it is derived from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic crustal material. The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonite series and have A₂-type affinities. These volcanics have ε_Hf(t) and T_DM2 values from +5.00 to +8.93 and from 879 to 627 Ma, respectively. The geochemistry of these Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks is indicative of formation in a post-collisional extensional environment, and they formed from primary magmas generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust. The discovery of late Mesozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks within the southern GXR indicates that this region was in volcanic arc and extensional tectonic settings during the Early–Middle Jurassic and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, respectively. This indicates that the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate was undergoing subduction during the Early–Middle Jurassic, and this ocean adjacent to the GXR may have closed by the Late Middle Jurassic–Early Late Jurassic.     

黑龙江省塔河县宝兴沟金矿床中生代侵入岩及其对成矿作用的制约

宝兴沟金矿床为近年来在漠河前陆盆地南缘新发现的大型金矿床。区内发育石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗细晶岩等侵入岩,矿体主要产于石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩内部及其与二十二站组砂岩的内外接触带中。地球化学研究表明,石英闪长岩具高钾、低钛、富碱特征,花岗细晶岩具高硅、高钾、低钛、富碱特征,二者均为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Sr等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素Yb、Y,但二者稀土元素特征和配分曲线差异较大,不具成因联系。矿石与石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩具有相似的微量元素、稀土元素组成和稀土元素配分曲线,表明石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩为成矿提供了热液和成矿物质等,与成矿具有密切的成因联系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,石英闪长岩成岩时间为118.13~121.77 Ma,限定了宝兴沟金矿床的形成时间不早于118Ma,为早白垩世,形成于太平洋板块俯冲后的伸展环境。漠河前陆盆地除中-晚侏罗世侵入岩外,早白垩世中酸性侵入岩对区域成矿也具有重要的作用,是今后找矿的重要方向之一。     

柴达木盆地东部上石炭统克鲁克组碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素

柴达木盆地上石炭统克鲁克组是该区重要的古生界勘探层位,组内发育多套良好的碎屑岩层。为探究其岩石物性特征及控制因素,本次以野外露头调查为基础,利用普通薄片、铸体薄片鉴定及扫描电镜等手段,结合物性测试和压汞资料,对克鲁克组碎屑岩纵向分布规律,储层岩性、物性、孔喉特征及孔隙类型进行分析。认为克鲁克地层中克2段发育的三角洲前缘亚相和克3段的具障壁海岸潮坪相的大套含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩砂体原生、次生孔洞发育,孔喉大、分布集中、分选好,为有利的碎屑岩储层。早成岩期压实作用、重结晶及胶结作用对克鲁克组砂岩的原生孔隙破坏严重,晚成岩期储层改造形成的溶孔、裂缝—溶孔是油气成藏的主要储存空间。该研究为预测柴东石炭系克鲁克组油气有利区域提供依据,为今后该地区的油气勘探提供理论支撑。     

徐淮地区早白垩世丰山和蔡山高镁埃达克质岩:拆沉下地壳熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩的反应

徐淮地区丰山花岗闪长斑岩和蔡山石英闪长玢岩的岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和石榴石的矿物化学研究对探讨华北克拉通东南缘早白垩世高镁埃达克质岩的岩石成因和构造演化具有重要意义。结果表明,丰山花岗闪长斑岩和蔡山石英闪长玢岩具高SiO_2(60.98%～67.88%)、富Al_2O_3(14.37%～15.04%)以及高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(1.58～2.24)和Mg~#值(57～66)的特征;富集LILE(Rb、Ba、Sr)和LREE,亏损HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti)和HREE,具有Pb正异常和弱的Eu异常;结合高的Sr含量(579×10~(-6)～778×10~(-6))以及Sr/Y(33～69)和(La/Yb)_N比值(8.63～13.7),低的Y(10.5×10~(-6)～17.8×10~(-6))和Yb含量(0.74×10~(-6)～1.17×10~(-6)),暗示它们属于高镁埃达克质岩。丰山和蔡山埃达克质岩石的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值介于0.7079～0.7086之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值变化于-10.77～-7.18之间,t_(DM2)=1504～1793Ma;岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-14.2～-5.3,t_(DM2)=2101～2898Ma。徐淮地区早白垩世利国、班井、夹沟高镁埃达克质岩石中岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别介于-13.4～-7.0、-13.4～-7.9和-15.9～-4.5之间,它们的t_(DM2)分别变化于2248～2825Ma、2331～2824Ma和2030～3048Ma之间。徐淮地区丰山和蔡山高镁埃达克质岩的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成和丰山花岗闪长斑岩中铁铝榴石残留晶的存在,结合它们高的Pb同位素组成和继承锆石U-Pb年代学暗示,丰山和蔡山高镁埃达克质岩浆主要起源于俯冲断离的扬子克拉通石榴辉石岩相下地壳物质熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩的反应,同时有拆沉的华北克拉通基底物质的参与,形成于华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆演化过程:矿物学、Sr-Nd同位素特征的指示

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,属于土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。本文在前人研究的基础上,从橄榄石、辉石矿物学组成和全岩Sr、Nd同位素等方面对黄山南岩体进行了分析研究,并与黄山、黄山东、香山等典型含矿岩体作了对比,旨在进一步查明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区和母岩浆性质及其岩浆演化过程。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明黄山南岩体来自一个弱亏损的地幔源区,相较黄山、黄山东、香山等岩体的源区具有更加富集的特征。黄山南岩体中的橄榄石属于贵橄榄石,斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少数为紫苏辉石,单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石、普通辉石和少数的透辉石。单斜辉石和橄榄石的成分特征表明形成黄山南岩体的母岩浆为演化程度较低的拉斑玄武质岩浆,且母岩浆成分具有高Mg、高Ni的特点。计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Fe O~T=13.20%、MgO=16.96%、Ni=377.2×10~(-6),且母岩浆在结晶分异过程中没有经历充分的硫化物熔离作用,这也是造成母岩浆中Ni含量较高以及岩体含矿性较差的主要因素。     

大兴安岭北段新林战备村地区早白垩世火成岩年代学、地球化学及大地构造意义

大兴安岭北段新林战备村地区广泛发育晚中生代火山岩及花岗岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测得战备村花岗岩体侵位年龄为121.0±0.8 Ma,其周围出露的白音高老组流纹岩喷发年龄为136.9±1.3 Ma,二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征上,二者均属于过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列,高SiO_2,富K_2O、Na_2O,低Mg、Ti,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba及LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti及HREE,轻重稀土明显分异((La/Yb)_N=11~23.2),具中等-弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.35~0.82),二者具同源岩浆演化的特征。结合前人研究结果,新林战备村地区早白垩世火成岩形成于后造山或碰撞后的构造环境,代表了伸展的大地构造背景,这些火成岩产出可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋中侏罗世至早白垩世闭合造山后的伸展作用有关。     

白银厂酸性火山岩地球化学特征及成因分析

甘肃白银厂矿田是我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物矿床产地,赋矿岩石主要为酸性火山岩(石英角斑岩和石英角斑凝灰岩)。文章通过对白银厂矿区酸性火山岩的岩相学和岩石地球化学特征研究,结果表明:1)岩石发生了低绿片岩相的变质作用,镜下可见明显的绢云母化、绿泥石化等蚀变作用,造成了岩石K、Ca、Na、Rb等活泼元素的迁移;2)岩石具有高硅、低钛、弱铝、贫镁,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,以及明显的Sr、P、Ti、Eu的负异常和Th、U、Pb正异常特征,表明本区酸性火山岩可能为下地壳基性岩重熔的产物,源区存在斜长石、磷灰石以及钛铁矿等矿物的残留,并且岩浆在演化过程中经历过围岩的混染与弱的分离结晶作用;3)结合北祁连的区域构造演化、岩浆活动以及本区火山岩的年代学资料,认为该酸性火山岩可能处于由岛弧向弧后盆地过渡的环境中。     

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。