珠江口盆地番禺4洼文昌组基于层序地层格架约束下的优质烃源岩预测

珠江口盆地番禺4洼“小而肥”,目前的探明石油地质储量已超出早期估算的地质资源量,早期对烃源岩的认识不足可能是其主要原因,尤其是对优质烃源岩的分布范围仍缺少精确刻画,在很大程度上限制了对该洼陷勘探潜力的认知。以该难点问题为切入点,利用最新钻井和地震资料,采取层序地层学开展了番禺4洼烃源岩的预测工作。通过地震资料上识别的各种反射特征,结合区内已有钻井资料识别的旋回特征,将番禺4洼文昌组划分5个三级层序,进而建立了等时地层格架。在此基础上,综合运用地震沉积学最新技术手段,精细揭示了番禺4洼文昌组文三段优质烃源岩的分布范围。研究结果表明,番禺4洼优质烃源岩分布面积较为广泛,尤其在北次洼和西次洼,优质源岩面积均超过了以往预期。这一研究成果对本区和珠江口盆地油气勘探具有一定指导意义。     

The petrology of the Mt Manypeaks Adamellite and associated high‐grade metamorphic rocks near Albany,Western Australia

The Mt Manypeaks Adamellite is a composite, regionally concordant pluton at least 22 km long and 3 km wide, associated with Precambrian amphibolite facies gneisses of the Albany‐Esperance Block, and situated about 35 km east of Albany, Western Australia. The pluton is surrounded by a granitised aureole, and shows structural and mineralogical harmony with the country rocks. Contacts vary from grada‐tional to sharp. Hence field relations are consistent with syn‐ or late‐kinematic emplacement in the catazone. The normative composition of the pluton corresponds with the thermal trough in the system An‐Ab‐Or‐Q‐H2O at 7 kb PH2O, suggesting an origin involving crystal‐melt equilibria. The pluton is believed to have formed almost in situ by partial anatexis of the country rocks at 700–750°C and a depth of about 25 km during the orogenic episode responsible for regional metamorphism and deformation.     

下扬子烃源岩新层位——中下奥陶统

中下奥陶统通常主要作为储层看待,然而皖南地区的下奥陶统宁国组主要为一套富含笔石的灰黑色—黑色薄层硅质、碳质泥岩,属广海陆棚相至深海盆地相沉积;而中奥陶统胡乐组主要为一套同样富含笔石的深灰色薄层粉砂质泥岩和中厚层硅质泥岩,属深海陆棚相至盆地相沉积。二者分布范围相当,但宁国组厚度明显大于胡乐组。下奥陶统宁国组6个样品的岩石热解数据显示,恢复后的TOC均值为1.24%。根据上升流的识别标准,宁国组和胡乐组的岩性和岩相特征以及宁国组地球化学测试结果,推测皖南地区中下奥陶统可能是一套受上升流影响的中—好烃源岩。鉴于南黄海是下扬子的主体,建议加强南黄海中下奥陶统烃源岩的研究。     

新疆阿合奇地区哈拉奇组、康克林组碳酸盐岩微相特征和沉积环境

采用微相分析的方法,对新疆阿合奇地区晚石炭世一早二叠世哈拉奇组和康克林组碳酸盐岩的微相类型和沉积环境进行了研究,发现两地层单元具有不同的岩石结构、颗粒组分及生物化石组合微相特征。哈拉奇组沉积粒度相对较细,泥质含量较高,生物碎屑相对较少,可划分出5种微相类型和5种次一级微相类型;康克林组生物种类丰富,个体保存较完整,颗粒组分出现了较多鲕粒、核形石等,亮晶胶结普遍,泥级组分相对较少,可划分出6种微相类型和8种次一级微相类型。根据微相类型组合特征和野外沉积构造,认为哈拉奇组碳酸盐岩主要形成于深水陆棚和台地斜坡2种沉积环境,其次为台地边缘浅滩和开阔台地沉积,总体反映较深水沉积环境;康克林组碳酸盐岩主要形成于台地边缘浅滩、开阔台地和局限台地3种沉积环境,反映沉积环境水体相对较浅。     

长白山区图们江流域新生代火山岩的岩石化学研究

图们江流域新生代火山岩以溢流式喷发为特征，其主要岩石类型以拉斑玄武岩为主，含少量玄武质粗安岩、碱性玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和粗面玄武岩。根据图们江流域火山岩的Mg#（Mg#=100Mg^2＋／（Mg^2＋＋Fe^2＋））值多数≤60，Ni含量〈100μg／g和主、微量元素地球化学特征综合表明，形成火山岩的岩浆不是原始岩浆，它们是原始岩浆在上地幔经历了橄榄石、辉石分离结晶作用后形成的以拉斑玄武岩为主，包括碱性玄武岩和粗面玄武岩等演化岩浆，结晶分异作用是岩浆演化过程的主要控制因素。拉斑玄武质岩浆在上升过程中发生了不同程度的壳源物质同化混染作用，发生在上地壳遭受较大程度混染的岩浆K2O含量明显偏高（〉2．6％），形成玄武质粗安岩。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统阿木山组火山岩的地球化学特征

分析了上石炭统小独山阶—下二叠统紫松阶阿木山组玄武岩地球化学特征,对玄武岩类型、岩石特征、构造环境等进行了探讨,结合前人的研究成果,阐述了石炭纪—二叠纪盆地的基本性质。Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y、SiO2-TFeO/MgO和Zr-Y-Nb图解显示,玄武岩类型主要为亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩;稀土元素球粒陨石配分模式为右倾曲线,(La/Yb）N值较高,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,(Gd/Lu）N值相对较低,重稀土元素分馏较弱,δEu在0.87~1.11之间,无明显Eu异常;N-MORB标准化的微量元素蛛网图显示,K2O、Rb、Ba、Th等不相容元素富集,Hf、Nb、Y等亏损。Zr-Zr/Y和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf构造环境图解表明,该玄武岩产于陆内裂谷,指示晚石炭世—早二叠世额济纳旗及其邻区已进入了陆内演化阶段,为拉张作用下的陆内裂谷（裂陷）盆地。     

Crustal structure of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc,Eastern Lachlan Orogen,based on seismic‐reflection profiling

In the Eastern Lachlan Orogen, the mineralised Molong and Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belts are two structural belts that once formed part of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc, but are now separated by younger Silurian‐Devonian strata as well as by Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites. Interpretation of deep seismic reflection and refraction data across and along these belts provides answers to some of the key questions in understanding the evolution of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen—the relationship between coeval Ordovician volcanics and quartz‐rich turbidites, and the relationship between separate belts of Ordovician volcanics and the intervening strata. In particular, the data provide evidence for major thrust juxtaposition of the arc rocks and Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites, with Wagga Belt rocks thrust eastward over the arc rocks of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt, and the Adaminaby Group thrust north over arc rocks in the southern part of the Molong Volcanic Belt. The seismic data also provide evidence for regional contraction, especially for crustal‐scale deformation in the western part of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt. The data further suggest that this belt and the Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites to the east (Kirribilli Formation) were together thrust over ?Cambrian‐Ordovician rocks of the Jindalee Group and associated rocks along west‐dipping inferred faults that belong to a set that characterises the middle crust of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen. The Macquarie Arc was subsequently rifted apart in the Silurian‐Devonian, with Ordovician volcanics preserved under the younger troughs and shelves (e.g. Hill End Trough). The Molong Volcanic Belt, in particular, was reworked by major down‐to‐the‐east normal faults that were thrust‐reactivated with younger‐on‐older geometries in the late Early ‐ Middle Devonian and again in the Carboniferous.     

北祁连山西段早元古代变质火山岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景

产于北大河群的早元古代火山岩是北祁连山西段最主要的三期火山岩之一,其地球化学特征表明,该期火山岩的原岩为具有双峰式组合的拉斑玄武岩和中酸笥凝灰岩。两者具有完全不同的稀土分布型式,前者以极低的富集轻稀土为特征,而后者以强烈富集轻稀土的特征;基性火山岩的微量元素分布曲线指示了其形成了裂陷槽环境。结合Ｎｄ同位素特征以及区域２得出本区早元古代变质火山岩形成于裂陷槽环境。     

高地应力围岩分区碎裂化的时间效应分析和相关参数研究

本文阐述了高地应力围岩分区碎裂化现象的形成需要经过一定的时间,但这段时间不会很长;采用蠕变理论对岩石分区碎裂化的时间效应进行了分析;推导了能够描述加速蠕变阶段的流变模型-改进的西原模型的本构方程和蠕变方程,在此基础上求出了岩石分区碎裂化发生时破裂带半径(破碎带距巷道中心的距离)的公式。     

藏南喜马拉雅北坡色龙地区二叠系基性火山岩的发现及其构造意义

藏南喜马拉雅北坡二叠系基性火山岩位于聂拉木县色龙东山。岩石地球化学特征表明,无论是基龙组火山岩还是色龙群火山岩,都具有大陆拉伸-大陆裂谷环境火山岩系的主、微量元素地球化学特征。据此,判断两套基性火山岩的性质和喷发构造环境相同。该区二叠纪大陆拉伸-裂谷火山活动标志着冈瓦纳超级古大陆开始裂离、解体。