Reflections on Cartography as the British Cartographic Society Celebrates its Golden Jubilee

Abstract

A questionnaire to 128 drivers included map reading tasks using ½-inch to 1 mile maps produced by Philips (Shell Motoring Maps) and by the Ordnance Survey, followed by questions about which of the two maps was preferred and about the features required in a road map.     

Unpopular Archives

This article explores the “unpopular” archived life of Charles P. Daly, thirty-five-year president (1864–1899) of the New York–based American Geographical Society. This one-time highly prominent judge and civic leader popularized geography among professionals and the public alike. Daly's popular geography, along with his subsequent containment within the archives, suggests explanations for his dismissal among geographical audiences of today. It is a useful and necessary exercise to trace the neglect of Daly within histories of geography and recapture him for today's audiences, not only because of his influence on post–Civil War American geography but also because his story can shed light on how “disciplinary remembering” functions in geography.     

The New Zealand Coastal Society: What does it do and who is it for?

Abstract:   This article briefly outlines the aims and activities of the New Zealand Coastal Society, a technical interest group formed in 1992. It explains the history of the society, who its members are, and addresses the question of who would benefit from joining the society.     

The Council at Work: An Open Letter to the Membership

Abstract

Funding for the improvement of geography at the precollegiate level has increased dramatically, both in the amount of money raised and the number of funders making grants. Nevertheless, geography is still not high on the priority list of most funders. Geographic educators must present a stronger case to potential funding agencies. Grant seekers must define geography appropriately, plan for at least the next five years, inventory the resources available to move forward, and be sure to emphasize the present-day relevance of geography' s subject matter. Six essential elements for fund raisers are listed, and a short caution concerning potential conflicts of interest is offered.     

AIDS to Successful Photography

Abstract

The National Geographic Society's Geography Education Program continues to work on improving geography in the nation's schools. A successful network of geography education Alliances is in place across the United States. These state-based Alliances emphasize grass-roots involvement by teachers and other geography educators. Features of the Geography Education Program include inservice teacher training at Alliance-sponsored summer institutes, institutes held at the Society's headquarters in Washington, and specialized institutes devoted to a specific topic such as technology in education, or water issues. In the near future, the Society's projects include urban outreach, technology training and application, development of preservice programs, and the implementation and dissemination of world-class standards in geography.     

可持续发展与现代化转型

提出社会发展综合动力观 ,揭示精神文化因素是经济社会可持续发展的动力资源和“另一只看不见的手”。分析了可持续发展对现代化理论的扬弃与创新 ,批判了工具文明的弊端及负面效应 ,重审人类共同选择———现代化文明转型的价值尺度和终极目标 ,展望了中国转型的核心、主题和历史归宿 :由农业文明向工具文明、从工业文明向可持续发展文明的双重超越     

积极推进改革 建立健全新的社会保障体系

本文介绍新的杜会保障体系。     

Petrogenesis of Coarse-grained Intrusives from Tahiti Nui and Raiatea (Society Islands, French Polynesia)

This study is based on a set of coarse-grained igneous rockscollected from two zoned plutons located in the central partof Tahiti Nui and Raiatea. The Ahititera pluton (central depressionof Tahiti Nui) comprises a great diversity of rocks, rangingfrom ultrabasic to felsic in composition. It shows a concentriczonation with nepheline-free rocks in its periphery and nepheline-bearingrocks in its central part. The Faaroa pluton (central depressionof Raiatea) is entirely mafic and includes only gabbros andtheralites. The two plutons have variable Nd–Sr isotopicsignatures, especially the Ahititera rocks, which are subdividedinto three groups based on their mineralogy, geochemistry andisotope composition. The isotopic variability probably reflectslocal heterogeneities in the Society mantle plume. Petrographicand isotopic data have been used to define two magmatic suitesin Ahititera, identifiable from their degree of Si undersaturation.The evolution of the mildly Si-undersaturated suite is controlledby simple fractional crystallization, whereas the strongly Si-undersaturatedsuite requires additional H₂O influx. The third isotopic groupincludes only theralites. The rare earth element (REE) compositionsof the mafic rocks from both plutons do not correlate with theirisotopic signature. The REE patterns of the most Si-undersaturatedrocks are systematically characterized by steeper slopes. Suchfeatures are also observed in lavas from seamounts located withinthe present-day hotspot area. It appears that REE concentrationsin Society lavas and intrusives are probably mainly governedby variable degrees of partial melting of a garnet-free mantlesource and are independent of their isotopic signature. KEY WORDS: cumulates; fractional crystallization; partial melting; French Polynesia; plutonic rocks; Society Islands; Tahiti; Raiatea     

Preventive disaster management of extreme natural events

Several recent extreme natural events resulted in great humanitarian tragedies because of weak preventive disaster management. Here we analyze several factors (natural, economical, political, awareness, and preparedness) that brought about the humanitarian tragedies of the early 21st century. We discuss then the role of science in the preventive disaster management of extreme natural events.     

中国地质学会第十二次全国会员代表大会在京召开

正2017年11月23日,中国地质学会第十二次全国会员代表大会在北京召开。国土资源部党组成员、副部长凌月明,中国科协党组成员、学会学术部部长、企业办公室主任宋军,民政部社会组织管理局副巡视员赵泳;中国地质学会第39届理事会理事长、国土资源部党组成员、中国地质调查局党组书记、局长、钟自然,常务副理事长孟宪来、秘书长朱立新、中国地质学会第十二次全国会员代表大会代表和国土资源部、中国地质调查局相关部门的负责同志,地勘行业等各有