南岭地区几个与锡（钨）矿化有关的岩体的岩浆演化

南岭地区是中国重要的钨、锡成矿区,钨、锡矿化与该区燕山期侵位的花岗岩关系密切。在对南岭花岗岩的研究中发现,高的εNd、低的T2DM标志着有较多地幔物质的混入。在受地幔物质影响较大的杭州-诸广山-花山(HZH)带内出现较多的锡矿化;在地幔物质影响较小的地区锡矿化则相对较少。在总结前人关于南岭地区姑婆山、骑田岭、千里山和大吉山4个岩体的同位素、微量元素、稀土元素等资料的基础上,对4个岩体源岩中地幔物质的相对含量、岩浆演化过程、出溶流体的性质等进行了比较。结合4个岩体矿化类型的差异,认为地幔物质除可能为锡矿化的物质来源外,地幔物质混入量的差异还可能通过影响与矿化有关的花岗岩岩浆演化的过程而决定钨、锡矿化的差异。     

Ar–Ar Ages of Hydrothermal Muscovite and Igneous Biotite at the Guposhan–Huashan District,Northeast Guangxi,South China: Implications for Mesozoic W–Sn Mineralization

The Guposhan–Huashan district is an important W–Sn–Sb–Zn–(Cu) metallogenic area in South China. It is located in the middle‐west segment of the Nanling Range. Granitoids in the Guposhan–Huashan district possess certain properties of A‐type or I‐type granites. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization in the district is closely associated with magma emplacement. Two igneous biotite and seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from skarn, veins and greisenization ores were analyzed by Ar–Ar methods. Two igneous biotite samples from fine‐grained quartz monzodiorite and fine‐grained biotite granite show plateau ages of 168.7 ± 1.9 Ma and 165.0 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. Seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from ores yield plateau ages as two groups: 165 Ma to 160 Ma and 104 Ma to 100 Ma. These data suggest that the emplacement of fine‐grained granitoids in this district is coeval with the main phase magma emplacement, different from previous studies. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization took place in two stages, i.e. the Middle–Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. W–Sn mineralization in the Guposhan–Huashan district is closely related to the magmatism, which was strongly influenced by underplating of asthenospheric mantle along trans‐lithospheric deep faults and related fractures.     

南岭成矿带中—晚侏罗世成钨、成锡、成铅锌（铜）花岗岩的差异性研究

【研究目的】南岭地区以发育强烈的中—晚侏罗世岩浆作用与相关金属成矿作用为主要特色,这些金属矿床尤以钨、锡、铅锌铜最具代表性。对这3类成矿花岗岩开展系统的对比研究,深入分析成矿差异原因,对指导区域找矿具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文通过搜集已发表的主量元素、微量元素、年代学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和矿物化学数据,并结合项目组长期野外地质调查进展,对3类成矿花岗岩进行了差异性研究。【研究结果】通过对比发现成钨、成锡、成铅锌铜3类花岗岩在时空分布格局、野外地质特征、矿物组成、源区性质、包体成因类型、岩浆分异程度、形成温度和氧逸度等方面具有明显的差异。【结论】笔者认为花岗岩的岩石地球化学成分、源区物质组成、岩浆分异程度以及岩浆演化过程中物化条件(如氧逸度)的综合差异是导致南岭花岗岩形成3类不同金属矿床的主要原因。在此基础上,进一步完善了南岭成矿带成钨、成锡、成铅锌铜花岗岩的综合判别标志,指导区域找矿勘查。     

华南板块西缘和腾冲-保山地块晚白垩世岩浆活动及Sn成矿作用对比:年代学、地球化学和动力学背景

华南板块西缘和西南三江腾冲-保山地块发育我国两个重要的Sn成矿带。两个带大规模岩浆活动和Sn成矿作用在年代学和地球化学特征等方面具有相似性。它们的成岩-成矿年龄时限均在晚白垩世,分别为78.9~60.0Ma和108.0~74.1Ma,分别集中在76.0~62.0Ma和98.0~82.0Ma,自西向东总体显示逐渐变老的趋势。晚白垩世成矿相关的岩浆岩均属于花岗质岩类,表现出高硅、富铝、富钾,富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,相对富集Rb、Th、U而相对亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti,具明显的Eu负异常,初始锶值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i集中在0.7038~0.7283,同时具有低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-11.6~-6.9)和ε_(Hf)(t)值(-18.1~1.2),反映岩浆岩主要起源于地壳。本文分析结果联合区域地质证据表明,腾冲-保山地块晚白垩世处于新特提斯洋俯冲环境;华南板块西缘岩石圈伸展可能受控于东侧太平洋俯冲回撤的远程效应,也可能系西侧新特提斯洋俯冲回撤的响应,抑或二者联合作用的结果。基于华南板块西缘和腾冲-保山地块的成岩-成矿年龄和岩体地球化学特征的类似性和空间差异变化,本文提出新特提斯洋俯冲联合作用模型:即华南板块西缘晚白垩世成岩-成矿活动也可能受控于特提斯构造域,为新特提斯洋俯冲后在板块逐渐回撤的过程中自东向西逐渐诱发晚白垩世广西西缘、云南东南部软流圈上涌和腾冲、保山地壳减压熔融,进而导致岩浆活动和大规模Sn成矿作用。该模型对于丰富晚白垩世西南三江-华南西缘跨区域成岩成矿构造环境提供了新认识。     

残浆沸腾与锡钨成矿作用

与锡钨成矿作用有关的“Ｓ”型花岗岩,晚期残浆有强烈的沸腾作用,同时派生出高温、高压,高盐度和高密度锡钨矿流体,并遵循应力差,温度差,盐度差和密度差的轨迹,在相对封闭的环境中作侧向或垂向运移,当运移到应力释放部位一时,流体的物理化学条件发生跳跃式突变而成矿。     

宜章界牌岭锡多金属矿床地球化学异常模式

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个与浅源重熔花岗岩有关的热液多金属隐伏矿床。研究表明：矿床自上至下具有Ｆ－Ｂｅ－Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、ＴＲ的矿化分带和细脉状－层状（似层状）－面状的矿体形态分带,成晕具有Ｈｇ、Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃｒ、Ａｓ离心半环状晕－Ｆ、Ｂｅ、Ｌｉ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ同心环状上偏心晕－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、同心环状下偏心晕－Ｎｂ、Ｇａ离心卫星晕的分布规律。据此,建立了本矿床“三环－帽壳式”地球化学异常模式。经模式识别,总结了不同剥蚀程度矿床（浅,中,深）异常评价的地质－地球化学指标。     

王仙岭地区锡多金属矿找矿前景浅析

位于炎陵－蓝山重力梯度带中的耒阳－临武SN向构造带与茶陵－永兴坳陷带复合部位的王仙岭地区，断裂构造发育，岩浆活动强烈，其中NE向断裂为主要控岩控矿构造。王仙岭花岗岩体W，Sn,Mo,Bi,Be,Nb等成矿元素半度值高，已发现锡多金属等矿床（点）39处。区内W,Sn,Pb,Zn,Au,Ag,As化探异常规律大，强度高，具水平分带现象。根据区域成矿地质条件，成矿规律，物化探,异常，结合以往找矿成果及最新的民采资料，圈定了野鸡窝，大壁口、龙潭和水源山4个锡多金属矿远景预测区，并提出了找矿工作部署建议。     

Geochemistry, geochronology and mineralisation potential of the granites in the Central Iberian Zone: The Jalama batholith

The Jalama batholith (Spain and Portugal) is one of the numerous granites of the Central Iberian Zone with Sn- and W-associated mineralisation. On the basis of petrographical and geochemical characterisation three types of granite have been distinguished: inhomogeneous granitoids, porphyrytic granites and leucogranites, all of these being peraluminous and subalkaline. All the granites correspond to S-type granites. The field data, the petrography and lack of geochemical affinity relationships of the leucogranites with the remaining granites indicate that their geneses correspond to an independent magma batch and superimposed fractional crystallisation process. The granitic units show subparallel REE patterns. There is a decrease in total REE and an increase in the negative Eu anomaly from the inhomogeneous granitoids to leucogranites. Some leucogranites show relatively low contents of Sn and W almost certainly due to segregation in the magma of a melt rich in water carrying Sn-W. These elements are concentrated in the water phase, which eventually gives rise to Sn-W-associated mineralisation.The ages obtained by means of a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron for the granites mainly indicate an early intrusion of the inhomogeneous granitoids (319±10 Ma), followed in time by porphyrytic granites (279±9 Ma), which can be associated to the late-post-kinematic granites within the third Variscan deformation phase (D₃).Apart from the average Sn content, the variations of trace elements, principally Sr, Ba, Rb, Th and P, establish that the porphyritic granites and the inhomogeneous granitoids will be barren granites while the leucogranites and the subfacies at the margin of the porphyritic granites correspond to granites with mineralisation potential. It is precisely in these granites of the Jálama batholith that the Sn-W mineralisation is located, for which the criteria utilised has been demonstrated to be effective.     

南岭地区成钨、成锡花岗岩组合的几个判别标志

南岭地区钨锡多金属成矿作用和区内中酸性-酸性花岗岩有着密切的成因联系。利用已发表的和野外收集的地质资料,本文尝试对区内成钨锡花岗岩组合(包括与钨锡矿相关的含钨锡花岗岩和成钨锡花岗岩)进行宏观地质判别。判别过程采用循序渐进的方式,首先将成钨锡花岗岩组合与不成矿花岗岩相区别,然后将含锡花岗岩和含钨花岗岩互相区别开来。相对于不成矿花岗岩,成钨锡花岗岩组合通常具有W、Sn、F、B化探组合异常、多期多阶段演化特点、适度的构造叠加(即存在明显的热液活动)等共同特点,且三者缺一不可。不成矿花岗岩一般具有W、Sn、F、B化探组合为背景值,岩性单一,少见晚期岩株、岩脉(演化不充分)及蚀变的特征。在野外地质工作中,含锡花岗岩一般为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-二云母花岗岩岩性组合。基性端元以普遍发育暗色微粒包体、常见角闪石、含较多的黑云母为鉴别特征。酸性端元中可以含有少量白云母。而含钨花岗岩以黑云母二长花岗岩-二云母花岗岩-白云母花岗岩岩性组合为主,常见含B矿物电气石,基性端元少见或不见角闪石、含较少的黑云母,仅见变质岩、围岩捕掳体和黑云母团块,酸性端元白云母含量较高等组合特征可以与含锡花岗岩相区别。     

内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿流体包裹体特征

大兴安岭锡矿带是中国北方唯一成型的锡多金属成矿带。新近发现的内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。该矿床为一典型的大型斑岩型热液脉型锡多金属矿床,矿区内锡矿化主要赋存于石英斑岩体顶部及其上部的石英脉中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英斑岩体内的滴状锡锌矿化阶段、石英斑岩体上部石英脉中的辉钼矿矿化阶段、石英锡石黑钨矿阶段和石英多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究结果显示：流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,尤其是富液相包裹体,其次为含子矿物的三相包裹体。斑岩体内矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度为324~333 ℃,盐度为6.5%~7.5% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.74 g/cm3;石英脉型矿化阶段包裹体均一温度为201~324 ℃,盐度为3.4%~9.9% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.92 g/cm3。包裹体显微测温分析结果显示该矿区成矿流体具有中高温、低盐度、中密度的特征。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分主要有H2O、CO2和CH4。氢氧同位素研究结果表明该矿床石英斑岩体上部石英脉矿化阶段的成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源,以岩浆水为主。岩浆流体与大气降水的混合以及流体演化中的降温过程是该矿床矿石沉淀的主要机制。