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51.
成组中强震前后动态小震的时空活动特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了进入活跃时段以来,新疆及邻近地区自1995年3月19日和硕Ms5.0地震后,相继发生的12次Ms≥4.7地震前后调制小震和动态小震的时空活动特征,据此提出了孕系统失稳模式; 相似文献
52.
银洞子泥石流沟是典型的地震区小流域泥石流沟,是汶川地震和震后强降雨共同作用的结果,从2009年雨季开始到2013年雨季结束共发生14次泥石流事件。研究银洞子沟泥石流的演化过程对进一步认识震区泥石流的长期活动性、危险性具有重要意义。本文通过现场调查、采样测试、历史泥石流事件资料分析,揭示了该泥石流沟的物源特征、激发条件的变化,计算了泥石流密度、流速等相关参数;最后依据现存物源动储量评估了该泥石流沟潜在危险性,提出了相应的防灾减灾对策,能够为地震区泥石流防灾减灾工作提供参考。结果表明:(1)震后初期,银洞子泥石流暴发频率达到3.5次年-1,泥石流容重1.5~1.6tm-3,说明银洞子沟是一条由地震活动触发的高频稀性泥石流沟。(2)经过震后7a的流水侵蚀,银洞子沟物源总量明显减少12.92104m3,但物源动储量减少不明显,导致泥石流危险性居高不下;物源中小于10mm的细颗粒含量由地震初期的27.04%衰减到了18.22%,说明该沟未来泥石流事件仍以稀性泥石流为主。(3)短历时强降雨是银洞子沟泥石流的主要激发方式,当雨量过程超过8h,银洞子泥石流沟的激发暴雨强度为11.53mmh-1时,泥石流危险性较高;在100年一遇暴雨条件下流速接近3.8ms-1,一次冲出量可达8.64104m3。目前该泥石流仍为高度危险性泥石流沟。 相似文献
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Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian pikas (Ochotona dauurica) are two key small mammal species in the Inner Mongolian grasslands, China. Mongolian gerbils displayed density-dependent population growth, but the time lag of density dependence was short and within season. The spring–autumn population growth rate was inversely related to population density in Mongolian gerbils of the Erdos desert grasslands. The autumn–spring population growth rate of Mongolian gerbils was inversely related to winter precipitation. Precipitation had stronger effects on the population growth of gerbils during the non-breeding season. The monthly population growth rate of Daurian pikas was positively related to the monthly precipitation and was inversely related to population density in central Inner Mongolia. Daurian pikas select habitats with tall plants. Increased precipitation enhances plant production and increases the height of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. This enhancement of plant height might increase the population growth of Daurian pikas. Mongolian gerbils live in short grasslands. Increased winter precipitation might result in higher winter mortality of Mongolia gerbils, or taller plants might supress gerbil population growth in wet years. Therefore, responses of small mammal species to changes in precipitation depend on the life history of small mammals and changes in vegetation induced by climatic changes. 相似文献
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AbstractSmall dams fragment river landscapes, disrupting channel connectivity and impacting water quality and quantity. Although they impound volumetrically less total water than large dams, the ubiquity of small dams suggests their cumulative impacts could be significant. Documenting the distribution and characteristics of small dams is necessary to understanding and mitigating their impacts. In this study, we compare datasets of small dams in Oregon, compile a new comprehensive dataset, and document geographic variations in small dam distributions between different ecoregions. We used Oregon Water Resources Department dam and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife fish passage barrier datasets to compare dam heights and contributing drainage areas between different ecoregions. Over 61% of Oregon’s land area is above one or more small dam. We highlight the location of Oregon’s small dams at valley margins, transition zones between flat plains and mountains, and areas of high population density. Given the hidden nature of small dams, evaluation of small dam impacts using public imagery is not effective. However, knowledge of small dam distributions given their association with landforms can aid in finding unrecorded dams, assessing approaches for evaluating their geomorphic impacts, and informing their management. 相似文献
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Abraha Gebrekidan Hannah Nicolai Liese Vincken Mekone Teferi Tsehaye Asmelash Tadesse Dejenie Samuel Zerabruk Kindeya Gebrehiwet Hans Bauer Josef Deckers Patricia Luis Luc De Meester Bart van der Bruggen 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(3):235-243
This study aims to examine the efficiency of Opuntia ficus‐indica for removing organochlorine pesticides from surface waters. Adsorption properties such as size, dose, and time of O. ficus‐indica for aldrin, dieldrin, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were studied through stirring and column methods. Because of their high affinity and swelling characteristics, dried O. ficus‐indica was studied in stirring while fresh unpeeled O. ficus‐indica was applied in both stirring and column experiments and proved to be well‐suited to column application. Before removing pesticides, the column was flashed with distilled water eliminate the turbidity and smell from fresh unpeeled cactus. The removal of pesticides increased with an increasing adsorbent dose and decreased with adsorbent particle sizes. The optimum adsorbent dose is 10 g for dried and 15 g for fresh unpeeled O. ficus‐indica. The experimental results show that O. ficus‐indica possesses strong adsorption ability for aldrin, dieldrin, and DDT, and the adsorption isotherm data obeyed the Freundlich model. The results of our small‐scale experiments suggest a strong potential to develop local small‐scale water treatment units that can be used at the level of individual households or local communities, using a widely available adsorbent. 相似文献