中国滇西南造山带变质岩的Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr同位素年代学

滇西南造山带的主体由多期变质的岩石单元组成。变质和变形年代的确定是研究它们构造演化的关键之一。哀牢山群和大勐龙群斜长角闪岩分别得到1367Ma和1436Ma的Sm-Nb等时线年龄,这代表了高级角闪岩相的变质时代。它们的形成年龄约为2000～1600Ma。崇山群黑云斜长片麻岩获得了与此相当的1900～1600Ma的Sm-Nd模式年龄。澜沧群的蓝片岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1287Ma,绿片岩的Sm-Nd模式年龄为1300～1200Ma。上述各组岩石还获得了约为1000Ma、500～400Ma、300～180Ma和180～140Ma的几组Rb-Sr等时线或Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr模式年龄,分别代表了后期重要构造事件。     

新疆且干布拉克超基性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体Sm-Nd同位素年龄及其地质意义

产有超大型蛭石-磷灰石矿床的且干布拉克超基性岩碳酸岩杂岩体位于塔里木板块东北缘库鲁克塔格断隆南侧,其 Sm-Nd 等时线年龄为(802±52)Ma,ε_(ND)(t)=0.471,模式年龄 t_(TM)~(Nd)为1208～1635Ma,表明该杂岩体形成于新元古代。塔北裂谷在新元古代的强烈活动,可以看作是 Rodinia 超大陆裂解的组成部分。     

贵州石头寨二叠系古油藏油气成藏期分析：流体包裹体与Sm-Nd同位素制约

贵州石头寨二叠系古油藏是滇黔桂地区众多上古生界生物礁型古油藏的典型代表。该古油藏发育了三期溶孔、裂缝充填方解石,其中含丰富的油气包裹体,三期油气包裹体组合依次为:少量液烃包裹体→液烃包裹体 气烃包裹体→气烃包裹体,与油气包裹体共生的气液水包裹体的均一温度分别为77℃～84℃、91℃～103℃和103℃～155℃。根据含油气包裹体的均一温度,结合沉积盆地热演化史和储层埋藏史,确定石头寨古油藏三期油气充注时间分别为238～235Ma、233～230Ma 和230～185Ma,第三期裂缝充填方解石的 Sm-Nd 等时线年龄为182±21Ma。古油藏的油气充注始于印支中期,于印支晚期至燕山早期达到高峰,燕山中晚期以来遭受破坏形成现今的残余古油藏。     

川西尔呷地吉Pb-Zn矿床方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其地质意义

尔呷地吉中型铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔交界地带.矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中,顶板为下寒武统筇竹寺组含炭质砂页岩.主要金属矿物为闪锌矿和方铅矿,Zn平均品位5.30%,Pb平均品位3.25%;主要非金属矿物为方解石和石英.矿石结构主要有自形晶结构、交代-侵蚀结构和固溶体分离结构,矿石构造主要有细脉-浸染状、块状和角砾状.矿床中铅锌矿化与硅化、沥青化和方解石化密切相关.对尔呷地吉Pb-Zn矿床成矿期8件与铅锌矿共生的方解石样品进行了Sm-Nd同位素体系研究,结果表明方解石的¹⁴⁷Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd值变化于0.058489~0.663246,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd值变化于0.511852~0.512626,获得Sm-Nd等时线年龄为203±6 Ma （MSWD=1.2）,该年龄代表了尔呷地吉MVT Pb-Zn矿床的成矿年龄.尔呷地吉Pb-Zn矿床是典型的MVT Pb-Zn矿床,其矿床成矿作用与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动无关,与古特提斯洋闭合背景下的造山运动密切相关.     

新疆祁曼塔格地区发现新元古代叠层石

在新疆若羌县祁曼塔格地区的水泉子沟附近原蓟县系狼牙山组中首次发现了瘤状通古斯叠层石相似形Tungussia cf.nodosa Semikhatov和有疑问的撕裂贝加尔叠层石Baicalia lacera Semikhatov。它们多呈瘤状、柱状,其总体形态特征可与安徽淮山、辽东地区新元古代地层中分布的Tungussia cf.和Baicalia叠层石以及东昆仑加嗡门地区某些叠层石的特征相类比,相当于华北地区叠层石组合Ⅳ。测得叠层石的寄主岩石全岩Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄为815±26 Ma。根据该Sm-Nd等时线年龄和叠层石的主要特征以及其它地区相关叠层石的特征综合判断,狼牙山组的地质时代应当归属于新元古代青白口纪,是被动大陆边缘的产物;这个前寒武纪微陆块应由塔里木克拉通(?)解体而来,是Rodinia超大陆的组成部分。本区叠层石的发现及其寄主岩的定年结果,为探讨东昆仑西段的大地构造演化和成岩环境提供了新证据。     

Diffusion of Sm-Nd in Scheelite and its Significance to Isotopic Dating and Tracing

As the principal ore mineral in various tungsten (-gold) deposits, scheelite (CaWO4) plays an important role in directly dating the timing of ore formation, and in tracing associated material sources through the study of its Sm-Nd geochronology and Nd isotopic characteristics. Since the retention of Sm-Nd systematics within scheelite is presently unconstrained, equivocal interpretations for isotopic data resulting from this method have occurred quite often in previous studies that apply these isotopic data. In order to better elucidate the closure of Sm-Nd in scheelite, the kinetics of Sm and Nd within this mineral lattice were investigated through calculation of diffusion constants presented herein. The following Arrhenius relations were obtained: DNd = 4.00exp(?438 kJ·mol–1/RT) cm2/s DSm = 1.85exp(?427 kJ·mol–1/RT) cm2/s showing diffusion rate of Nd is near identical to Sm in scheelite when at the same temperature. However, compared to other rare earth elements (REEs), which have markedly different atomic radii to either Nd or Sm, these are shown to exhibit a great variation in diffusivities. The observed trends in our data are in excellent agreement with the diffusion characteristics of REEs in other tetragonal ABO4 minerals, indicating that ionic radius is a key constraint to the diffusivity of REEs in the various crystal lattices. With this in mind, the same substitution mechanism and a very slight discrepancy in radii will allow us to infer that significant Sm/Nd diffusional fractionation in scheelite is unlikely to occur during most geological processes. Based upon the diffusion data determined herein, Sm and Nd closure temperatures and retention times in scheelite are discussed in terms of diffusion dynamics. Those results suggest that closure temperatures for Sm-Nd within this mineral are relatively high in contrast to the temperature ranges of ore-formation responsible for scheelite-related deposits, and any later thermal environments. It is likely, therefore, that relevant isotopic information could be easily retained under most geological conditions, since initial crystallization of the scheelite. In addition, comparison of this mineral-element pair over a range of temperatures with some other common minerals used as geochronometers (e.g., zircon and apatite) indicates that Sm-Nd system has a slower diffusive rate in scheelite than for Sr in apatite or Ar in quartz, and only a little faster than for Pb in zircon. It should be noted, within most hydrothermal deposits where zircon has crystallized, its size is typically no more than 100 μm, whereas scheelite commonly occurs as macroscopic grains. For this reason, the larger dimensions of scheelite would provide a robust Sm-Nd system more able to resist perturbations, relating to any later thermal process. As such Sm-Nd investigations of scheelite are akin to U-Pb within zircon samples used in isotopic dating. These observations indicate that Sm-Nd age and isotopic information can provide reliable data in all but the most extreme case, especially when data are extracted from macroscopic grains of scheelite that are chosen to be “pristine” (i.e., free of surface alteration and/or fractures).     

云开前加里东花岗质岩石Sm-Nd、Pb/Pb同位素定年及其意义

利用Sm Nd ,Pb/Pb同位素测年方法对云开核部条带-眼球状花岗质岩石进行了年龄测定 ,首次获得Sm Nd全岩 14 14± 68Ma和Pb/Pb全岩 1388± 90Ma的等时线年龄 ,表明云开地区不仅在加里东期发生了造山运动 ,而且在中元古代发生了更为重要的构造 -岩浆造山运动 ,其时代与全球性格林威尔造山旋回可以对比。     

闽北麻源群Sm—Nd,Rb—Sr同位素年龄研究

福建北部元古代麻源群地层发育,对其中7个变质岩和2个白云母花岗岩样品进行了Sm-Nd及Rb-Sr同位素年龄研究。7个样品的Sm-Nd同位素全岩等时线年龄为2116±22(2δ)Ma,INd=0.51027±2(2δ),εNd(t)=7.29±0.17。6个样品的Rb-Sr同位素全岩等时线年龄为375±28(2δ)M,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.707±34(2δ).2116Ma的年龄值代表麻源群原岩的成岩年龄,375Ma年龄值代表麻源群的变质年龄。     

湖南东坡矿田金船塘、红旗岭锡多金属矿床Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素年代学研究

与千里山岩体有密切时空联系的东坡矿田是我国主要钨锡多金属矿产资源基地之一。在前人对千里山复式岩体成岩时代和金船塘与千里山岩体第一期似斑状花岗岩侵入活动有关的成矿作用研究的基础上,笔者选择金船塘及红旗岭矿床含矿石英脉中的石英和金船塘矿床矽卡岩矿石中的单矿物,进行石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr和矽卡岩矿物(包括符山石和石榴石)Sm-Nd同位素年代学研究,得出金船塘及红旗岭矿床石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为133.4±5.9 Ma(MSWD=1.3)和143.1±8.7 Ma(MSWD=47),金船塘矿床矽卡岩矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄为141±11 Ma(MSWD=0.27)。同位素年代学研究表明金船塘矿床至少存在164 Ma±、133~141 Ma两期成矿作用,在测定误差范围内,它们分别与千里山岩体第一期似斑状花岗岩(152 Ma)和第二期等粒黑云母花岗岩(136~137Ma)的侵入活动有关,而红旗岭矿床的成矿作用与千里山岩体第二期岩浆侵入活动有关。     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床碳酸岩Sm—Nd等时线年龄及其地质意义

川西冕宁-德昌REE成矿带是中国最重要的REE成矿带之一,包括牦牛坪超大型REE矿床、大陆槽大型REE矿床：木落寨中型REE矿床和里庄小型REE矿床等。REE成矿作用与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体有关,受印度-亚洲大陆碰撞带的一系列新生代走滑断裂系统控制。碳酸岩-碱性岩杂岩体主要侵位于元古代结晶基底岩石和古生代-中生代沉积盖层。碳酸岩主要为方解石碳酸岩,碱性正长岩以英碱正长岩为主,两者微量元素分布模式及Sr-Nd同位素组成特征相一致,表明两者为岩浆不混溶产物,因此两者的成岩时代应该基本相近。然而,前人研究成果表明,牦牛坪碳酸岩中钠铁闪石K-Ar年龄为31．7Ma,正长岩全岩K—Ar年龄为40．8Ma,两者相差10Ma。此外,研究表明,大陆槽、木落寨和里庄REE矿床碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体成岩年龄与其相应的成矿年龄基本一致,而牦牛坪REE矿床两者相差甚远。本文利用碳酸岩中方解石进行了Sm—Nd等时线年龄测定,结合前人资料,重新厘定了牦牛坪REE矿床碳酸岩的成岩年龄和矿床的成矿年龄,分别为29．9Ma和26～27Ma,两者在误差范围内相一致。