岩石破坏后的注浆固结体的力学性能

在破裂岩石残余强度和变形性能研究的基础上,进一步开展其注浆固结体的力学性能试验研究。试验证实注浆固结后破裂岩块残余强度有不同程度的提高,同时发现其侧向变形和径向变形趋向协调,从而提高了破裂岩块的塑性变形性能,并在较大变形范围内保持稳定的承载能力。试验结果有助于解释围岩注浆加固控制巷道变形的机理。     

岩体化学风化的非连续性及其科学意义

岩体化学风化在空间上具有高度的非连续性,这种非连续性广泛存在于从宏观、细观到微观的所有尺度。宏观结构面是化学风化最主要的发生场所;风化岩体内,新鲜岩块被沿结构面内法线方向发育的腐蚀带包围,呈斑点状分散于腐岩中。微缝等细观损伤普遍存在于各类岩石中;化学风化从岩块内不同空间位置的水力有效空隙向三维空间扩展,决定了细观尺度上化学风化的非连续性。矿物溶解是在晶体中具有过剩表面能的缺陷位置优先发生的,因而具有显著的微观非连续性。由于非连续特性,化学风化可增大水岩界面,提升矿物溶解反应的规模及速率。通过对既有损伤的扩展及在损伤空间堆积残余物,化学风化具有分离—裂化岩体、岩块及造岩矿物的重要作用,这种作用可使以新鲜岩石为主的岩体大规模脱离母岩,而堆积于坡脚的岩石块体在化学风化的继续作用下,可裂解为更小的岩屑或矿物碎屑,为向水体搬运创造条件,从而极大地促进斜坡夷平及地貌重塑进程。     

Research on the Application of MEMS Sensors to Slope Monitoring Treated by Bolts

The landslide can destroy all kinds of constructions, and seriously hinder people's production and life as well as the development of national economy. Bolt is one of the main methods for slope treatment, but it is difficult to monitor its construction quality and anchoring effect directly. With the rise and development of MEMS (Micro-electro mechanical system) technology, MEMS sensors, with the advantages of small size, low cost and high precision, quickly come out from the conventional monitoring methods and provide new possibilities for the monitoring field in geological engineering. In this paper, based on MEMS sensors, a model test was designed to explore the stability of the slope after treatment by bolts. Natural river sands were used to prepare slopes with angle of 45° through the air-plluviation method. In addition, the tests were divided into two groups (with or without bolts). MEMS sensors were set up in the slope to wirelessly and continually capture the acceleration, angular velocity and angle of slope sliding triggered by simulated rainfall in real-time. It was found that: with no treatment, the acceleration and angle in the interior and the bottom of the slope gradually changed during rainfall, while those parameters in the rear and the surface of the slope had no significant change, which indicated that the slope creep mainly occurred in the interior and the bottom of the slope before failure. When landslides occurred, the movement monitoring indexes in the interior and the bottom of the slope suddenly changed, followed by those in the rear and the surface of the slope, which means that when the sandy slope slides, the interior and the bottom of the slope slides first, and then the rear and the surface of the slope surface fail. This is a typical retrogressive landslide. After the slope was treated by bolts, only creep could be observed during long-term rainfall, and the acceleration and angle in the bottom, interior and surface of the slope gradually changed, while almost no change was found in the rear of the slope, which shows that under rainfall conditions, overall creep occurs for the slope after reinforcement, the slope angle decreases, and there is no landside. The experimental results prove that MEMS sensors can realize low-cost, high-precision, continuous real-time monitoring of slope, and can capture gradual changes of movements before failure and the sudden change when landslide occurs. It should play a certain role in the study of landslide mechanism and landslide warning, and has a broad application in the field of geological engineering monitoring.     

基于Janbu法的边坡稳定性研究

通过对边坡稳定性数值分析研究,推导Janbu法求解边坡安全系数的计算过程,并用该法计算云南映象北金大道中的边坡安全系数,取得较理想的结果。     

土工格栅加筋路堤边坡结构性能模型试验研究

通过室内小比尺模型试验,模拟了两种边坡坡比、两种格栅以及3种加筋层数共计10种边坡结构在坡顶荷载作用下边坡和土工格栅的变形规律。研究了土工格栅加筋参数对路堤边坡结构性能的影响。试验结果表明,加筋能大幅提高边坡的稳定性和承载能力,并得出了土工格栅埋在土中的力学特征,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。     

双向增强体复合地基桩土应力比分析

针对双向增强体复合地基,由于桩体与桩间土变形不协调,导致路堤填土内部垂直变形有差异,应力状态发生变化。引入剪切位移法来分析路基填土中水平加筋体的变形和应力传递规律,在综合考虑填土力学性质（c, ）和水平加筋体作用的基础上,通过微元体平衡分析推导得到了桩土应力比、桩顶刺入量等计算公式。通过工程实例验证公式的可靠性,并综合分析了相关因素对桩土应力比的影响,得到了一些有益的结论。     

锚杆对围岩的加固效果和动载响应的数值分析

利用数值分析软件LS-DYNA3D程序,对锚杆对围岩的加固效果和动态力学性能进行了显示动力分析,比较了洞室围岩是否用锚杆加固时,爆炸波引起的岩体中垂直应力、拱顶位移以及锚杆本身轴向应变的变化特点。结果发现：同毛洞相比较,加固洞室围岩应力较大,拱顶位移较小;通过分析锚杆轴向应变-时程曲线,发现不同安装角的锚杆其轴向应变对动载的响应不同,拱部锚杆先受压后受拉,直墙部锚杆全受拉,两部位锚杆均产生轴向拉应变;将模拟的锚杆应变-时程曲线同模型试验的相应曲线进行了比较,两者一致性较好,其结果为动载作用下坑道围岩锚杆加固的布置方法提供了参考。     

临界滑动场技术在排土场边坡设计中的应用

边坡临界滑动场技术是近年发展起来的一种边坡稳定性分析方法。它能准确快速确定多层介质、多台阶边坡任意形状的临界滑动面,全面评价边坡整体和局部稳定性。文章首先应用临界滑动场技术对原设计15坡角时的龙桥排土场边坡进行临界滑动面搜寻,确定边坡整体安全系数为1.42,证明原设计的15坡角取值过于保守。然后再应用临界滑动场技术的扩展方法进行反向分析,在给定安全系数为1.30的条件下,求得最佳设计坡角为17。研究成果为将来矿山的排土工作提供指导,具有一定的工程实用性。     

高边坡结构可靠度的二次处理有限元分析

本文依据强度折减理论,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件,分析计算了高边坡结构的安全系数K,找到边坡滑裂带的位置。在此基础上,对有限元输入数据和输出结果进行二次处理,建立基本随机变量c,f与滑裂带中单元的最大(和最小)主应力1(和3)的拟合关系f1(和f3),将其代入高边坡结构的功能函数Z中,使Z由隐式形式变为显式。基于该显式表示的Z,利用Monte Carlo法计算滑裂带中所有失效单元的可靠指标1,并将其单元面积A1作为权重系数,经过加权平均得到边坡结构的整体可靠指标。上述方法使得结合有限元软件计算边坡结构的整体可靠度得以简化。经实例分析可知,本文提出的方法是合理可行的,可使边坡结构整体可靠性分析得以简化,也可为高边坡结构整体可靠性分析提供理论参考。     

Slope reliability analysis using a support vector machine

The first-order second-moment method (FOSM) reliability analysis is commonly used for slope stability analysis. It requires the values and partial derivatives of the performance function with respect to the random variables for the design. Such calculations can be cumbersome when the performance functions are implicit. Implicit performance functions are normally encountered when the slope is geologically complicated and the limit equilibrium method (LEM) is used for the stability analysis.

To address this issue, this paper presents a support vector machine (SVM)-based reliability analysis method which combines the SVM with the FOSM. This method employs the SVM method to approximate the implicit performance functions, thus arriving at SVM-based explicit performance functions. The SVM method uses a small set of the actual values of the performance functions obtained via the LEM for complicated slope engineering. Using the SVM model, a large number of values and partial derivatives of the performance functions can be obtained for conventional reliability analysis using the FOSM. Examples are given to illustrate the proposed SVM-based slope reliability analysis. The results show that the proposed approach is applicable to slope reliability analysis which involves implicit performance functions.