钢筋混凝土构件修复加固与抗震性能比较

钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下应满足强柱弱梁等抗震设计理念,但由于设计和施工各种综合原因所致,在历次地震中,规范要求的"强柱弱梁"理想破环机制始终没有出现,竖向承重构件遭受了不同程度的损伤和破坏,不满足现有规范的相关规定,为了保证钢筋混凝土竖向承重构件不先于水平构件破坏,对于一些重要位置的钢筋混凝土构件进行修复加固显得十分重要。本文以加大截面加固法、外贴碳纤维加固法、喷射混凝土技术加固法、外包钢加固法、外包粘钢加固法等加固处理方式为例,对钢筋混凝土构件的修复加固方法及其抗震性能进行对比分析。研究对于钢筋混凝土构件的修复加固工程具有一定的参考价值。     

地质雷达在铁路隧道工程钢筋钢架检测中的应用

隧道工程质量影响着铁道运营,大量的铁道隧道病害表明,钢筋、钢架的缺失是导致隧道病害发生的重要原因。为了严格控制隧道工程的钢筋、钢架施工质量,运用高效率、高分辨率和图像直观的地质雷达无损检测成为了隧道质量检测的重要内容。在简述相关理论的基础之上,分析了地质雷达检测铁路隧道钢筋、钢架的几个典型案例。     

地震作用下含弱面斜坡变形破坏实验研究

为了研究含弱面斜坡在强震作用下变形破坏规律,对含单一弱面的3组斜坡模型模拟地震作用下的变形破坏,并用数字散斑相关方法对实验结果进行处理,得到斜坡模型位移和应变。从实验结果可以发现:位移和应变变形均集中在弱面上,随着震动的持续,这种变形积累最终导致斜坡发生破坏; 模型对比中可以发现,在斜坡体内弱面越深则斜坡稳定性越强,在斜坡体内弱面越长则斜坡稳定性越弱。分析模型最初在顶部出现裂缝和沿弱面发生滑动的原因。     

Damage pattern recognition of spatially distributed slope damages and rainfall using optimal GIS mesh dimensions

Damage assessment for slopes using geographical information system （GIS） has been actively carried out by researchers working on several government organizations and research institutes in Korea. In this study, 596 slope damages were examined to identify the types of damage associated with dip angles, dip directions, and heavy rainfall resulting from typhoons in South Korea. Heavy rainfall of 100 mm to 300 mm resulted in 80% at the investigated slope damages. A GIS database was developed for highways, rainfall, soil or rock geometry, and types of damage. A grid of rainfall intensity was generated from the records of maximum daily rainfall. Contours for slope damages and heavy rainfall using optimal GIS mesh dimensions were generated to visualize damage patterns and show substantially strong correlation of rainfall with slope damages. The combination of remote sensing with the GIS pattern recognition process described in this work are being expanded for a new generation of emergency response and rapid decision support systems.     

工程与地下水勘察中的新构造分析

本文综合有关资料,提出新构造断裂,特别是活动断裂对地下水分布赋存及区域和边坡稳定性的控制作用,并提出勘察中新构造分析的内容和方法。     

交河故城瞭望台保护加固技术

交河故城遗址是第一批全国重点文物保护单位，瞭望台是交河故城内重要建筑遗址，它的主要病害是表面风化、裂隙密布、洞顶失稳。在分析病害形成机理的基础上，重点研究了生土遗址保护加固的几个关键技术，对掏蚀深度相对于悬挑土体厚度较小的土遗址，当基础掏蚀深度小于块体宽度的30 %时，可不采用砌补技术，只进行表面防风化处理；可选择竹木锚杆、PS-C浆液灌浆加固生土遗址，锚杆的单位锚固力可采用5 kN/m；采用新奥法加固洞顶可较好地保持文物原貌；西部干旱地区采用PS材料对土遗址进行防风化加固时应采用低浓度（小于5 %）、多次渗透的方式，迎风面渗透次数应不少于3遍，背风面应达4～5遍，并应合理选择施工时间。工程实践检验表明，这些保护技术取得了理想的加固效果。     

边坡多阶段注浆加固模型

实践中总结证明注浆法用于边坡加固及滑坡防治是可行的,提炼提出边坡多阶段注浆加固模型。该模型以传统的渗透、充填、压密及劈裂注浆理论为基础,以弹塑性力学中的球形、柱形扩张理论及Boussinesq、Terzaghi理论为指导,推导出多阶段注浆法不同地层及不同阶段的注浆压力、注浆半径及注浆应力分布数学表达式(过程力学模型);用大量试验数据总结出加固后水泥土力学指标统计规律和多阶段注浆加固设计计算模型。多阶段注浆加固模型已在施工项目中得到证实。     

铁路大桥基础加固嵌岩钻孔灌注桩的施工

在丰沙铁路线35号桥桥墩基础加固工程中，根据行车铁路大桥对钻孔灌注桩施工的机械震动和裸孔量的技术要求，确定了采用回转式钻孔工法和施工顺序。根据工程地质条件确定采用双液压浆造壁及锥底滚刀钻头钻进成孔的关键工艺，解决了老桥基钻遇各种障碍物的判断和顺利钻透的难题，采用优质高粘度泥浆护壁除渣，取得了良好的工程效果。     

Seismically induced rock slope failures resulting from topographic amplification of strong ground motions: The case of Pacoima Canyon, California

The 1994 Northridge earthquake (M_w = 6.7) triggered extensive rock slope failures in Pacoima Canyon, immediately north of Los Angeles, California. Pacoima Canyon is a narrow and steep canyon incised in gneissic and granitic rocks. Peak accelerations of nearly 1.6 g were recorded at a ridge that forms the left abutment of Pacoima Dam; peak accelerations at the bottom of the canyon were less than 0.5 g, suggesting the occurrence of topographic amplification. Topographic effects have been previously suggested to explain similarly high ground motions at the site during the 1971 (M_w = 6.7) San Fernando earthquake. Furthermore, high landslide concentrations observed in the area have been attributed to unusually strong ground motions rather than higher susceptibility to sliding compared with nearby zones. We conducted field investigations and slope stability back-analyses to confirm the impact of topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides during the 1994 earthquake. Our results suggest that the observed extensive rock sliding and falling would have not been possible under unamplified seismic conditions, which would have generated a significantly lower number of areas affected by landslides. In contrast, modelling slope stability using amplified ground shaking predicts slope failure distributions matching what occurred in 1994. This observation confirms a significant role for topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides at the site, and emphasises the need to select carefully the inputs for seismic slope stability analyses.     

Road construction over voids caused by active gypsum dissolution, with an example from Ripon, North Yorkshire, England

Sudden subsidence problems, caused by gypsum karst developed in the Permian sequence of Northern England, have caused difficult conditions for road construction. This paper presents the design strategy, mathematical modelling and parameters used to construct roads to cope with such difficult ground conditions. Because it is impossible to locate all the subsidence features along a route, the road design has to cope with potential future problems. This is achieved by using reinforcement-comprising layers of tensile membrane material within the earth embankment. This will prevent dangerous catastrophic collapse and maintain serviceability, but will allow sagging to show where major problems exist. The modelling showed that for the situation at Ripon, two layers of tensile membrane material within the earth embankment fulfilled the design brief for the road.