强震条件下双面坡变形破坏机理的振动台物理模拟试验研究

5.12汶川地震引发了数以万计的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。为了研究双面坡在强震条件下的动力响应规律,本文在大量野外调查的基础上,采用振动台物理模拟试验手段,设计完成了四类11个模型试验,从改变模型的坡度和坡顶宽度、软岩硬岩结合、阶梯状坡形等角度,较系统地研究了双面坡在强震作用下的响应规律。试验结果显示:强震条件下地震水平惯性力是导致边坡破坏的主要原因;在地震情况下边坡变形破坏表现出明显的初动破坏效应;振动过程中双坡具有明显的共剪效应,坡面为阶梯状时其共剪效应更明显;坡体结构为上软下硬时下部硬岩对振动具有一定的放大效应,上硬下软时坡体易整体偏移产生变形破坏。试验结论与实际情况基本符合。     

对穿预应力锚索在煤矿井下地质病害治理中的应用

胡家河矿井副井马头门因处于软岩地层中,在副井井筒安装中发生了较大的变形破坏,经分析论证对比,确定采用注浆锚索加固,通过对穿预应力锚索与短锚杆相结合,以锚索为主的加固方法进行施工,使软岩破坏变形趋于稳定,治理效果良好。     

包裹体测温技术在高邮凹陷北斜坡戴南组油气成藏期中的应用

为确定高邮凹陷北斜坡戴南组油藏的成藏期次,采用流体包裹体测温技术,对研究区3口井的流体包裹体特征和均一温度进行了分析。结果表明,该区戴南组储层流体包裹体分为盐水包裹体和有机包裹体;均一温度呈1期连续分布,主峰温在90～100℃。根据包裹体均一温度、地层埋藏史和热史,推测该区戴南组油气成藏时对应的地质年代约为垛二段沉积末期。结合圈闭发育史和烃源岩生排烃史等分析,最终确定研究区戴南组为1期成藏,时间为垛二段沉积末期。     

基于人工神经网络的边坡抗震抗滑稳定性评判方法

从人工神经网络的基本原理出发，建立了边坡抗震抗滑稳定性评判的人工神经网络模型。选择四川和云南地区的70个边坡实例作为学习样本,对BP算法进行了学习和检验。实例计算表明,BP网络性能良好，所建立的模型预测精度高，具有一定的工程实用价值。神经网络法是一种有效可行的新方法。     

348-YEAR PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTION FROM TREE-RINGS FOR THE NORTH SLOPE OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS*

Correlation census shows that the correlation between the tree-ring chronologies in the Urumqi River Basin and precipitation during July in the last year to February in the concurrent year is significant,and the best single correlation coefficient is 0.74,with significance level of 0.0001.Using two residual chronologies collected from west Baiyanggou and Boerqingou,precipitation for 348 years can be reconstructed in the North Slope of middle Tianshan Mountains,its explained variance is 62%.According to much verification from independent precipitation data,historical climate records,glacier and other data.it shows that the reconstructed precipitation series of 348 years is reliable.Analysis of precipitation features indicates that there were three wet periods occurring during 1671-1692,1716-1794 and 1825-1866 and three dry periods during 1693-1715,1795-1824 and 1867-1969.Two wet periods,during 1716-1794 and 1825-1866,correspond to the times of the second and the third glacial terminal moraine formation,which is infront of No.1 glacier in Urumqi River source.According to computation,corresponding annual precipitation amounts are 59mm and 30mm more than now.The reconstructed precipitation series has a significant drying trend from 1716 to 1969.and has better representativeness to the precipitation of Urumqi and Changji Prefecture on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains.     

Influence of late Holocene hillslope processes and landforms on modern channel dynamics in upland watersheds of central Nevada

Stratigraphic, geomorphic, and paleoecological data were collected from upland watersheds in the Great Basin of central Nevada to assess the relationships between late Holocene climate change, hillslope processes and landforms, and modern channel dynamics. These data indicate that a shift to drier, warmer climatic conditions from approximately 2500 to 1300 YPB led to a complex set of geomorphic responses. The initial response was massive hillslope erosion and the simultaneous aggradation of both side-valley alluvial fans and the axial valley system. The final response was fan stabilization and axial channel incision as fine-grained sediments were winnowed from the hillslope sediment reservoirs, and sediment yield and runoff processes were altered. The primary geomorphic response to disturbance for approximately the past 1900 years has been channel entrenchment, suggesting that the evolutionary history of hillslopes has produced watersheds that are prone to incision. The magnitude of the most recent phase of channel entrenchment varies along the valley floor as a function of geomorphic position relative to side-valley alluvial fans. Radial fan profiles suggest that during fan building, fan deposits temporarily blocked the flow of sediment down the main stem of the valley, commonly creating a stepped longitudinal valley profile. Stream reaches located immediately upvalley of these fans are characterized by low gradients and alternating episodes of erosion and deposition. In contrast, reaches coincident with or immediately downstream of the fans exhibit higher gradients and limited valley floor deposition. Thus, modern channel dynamics and associated riparian ecosystems are strongly influenced by landforms created by depositional events that occurred approximately 2000 years ago.     

裂隙型硬粘土的力学模型及其在边坡工程中的应用

硬粘土是介于软岩和硬土之间的一种介质, 其中含有规律分布的裂隙, 具有明显的方向性和各向异性特征; 本文从实际应用的角度出发, 提出一种适用于裂隙性硬粘土的损伤力学模型, 并应用于南水北调中线渠道边坡工程的数值模拟分析。     

沙角A电厂主厂房（一期）震害预测及对策

对沙角Ａ电厂主厂房（一期）进行了抗震鉴定，计算结果表明其抗震能力满足生命线工程的抗震要求，最后提出了一些抗震加固方法。     

2010-2018年天山北坡短时强降水环境参数特征及阈值初探

利用常规观测、自动站逐时雨量及EC细网格等资料，分析2010-2018年6-8月天山北坡71次短时强降水过程时空分布特点、温度对数压力图（T-lnP）形态及其关键物理参数等，并对其分类，通过集合箱线图分析各型物理参数特征，归纳总结预警阈值。结果表明：天山北坡短时强降水主要受低槽（涡）及其分裂短波影响，多发生在沿山、山地迎风坡、戈壁湖泊绿洲交界等地附近，6月出现最多，7月和8月相当，午后至夜间发生概率较大。T-lnP温湿廓线形态主要可分为整层湿（I型）、上干下湿（II型）、上湿下干（III型）和干绝热（IV型）等4型，其中IV型33次为最多，占总次数46.5%，其次是III型28次，占总次数38%，第三是I型8次，最少II型仅3次。在分析关键物理参数集合箱线图各区间值基础上，以25%百分位作为建议预警最低阈值，总结提炼关键物理参数阈值为T850 -500≥23℃，地面至700hPa露点温度平均值≥1.5℃，CAPE≥110 J?Kg-1，CIN≥30 J?Kg-1； 0～6km垂直风切变≥6.5 m?s-1，暖云层厚度≥1.1 km，K指数≥24.3℃，SI指数≥-1.3℃，抬升指数（LI）≥-3.9℃及A指数≥-9.8等，并给出各型组合物理参数。     

永平铜矿岩质边坡中的滑坡整治

介绍了在露天矿山边坡中产生滑坡而影响采矿的情况下，采用监测手段探明滑体边界和滑坡影响区，对滑体及其周边不稳定边坡区进行应急加固和治理，在保证正常采矿的条件下，深入进行工程地质调查和岩石力学试验及计算分析工作，然后再进行设计和施工补充加固工程和采取综合整治措施，并建立加固效果监测系统