基于概念设计的长短桩复合地基典型工程应用模式

本文从长短桩复合地基各组成部分的功能角度,阐述了长桩、短桩、褥垫层的作用机理,提出长短桩复合地基概念设计应遵循的设计原则。应用概念设计思想,建立了长短桩复合地基的五种典型工程应用模式,并在各典型模式的分析说明中,提出设计与施工参数的选用建议。通过在北京某工程的实际应用,显示长短桩复合地基的典型工程应用模式具有较好的实用性。     

既有基坑延深开挖稳定性评价与支护方案确定

以北京市某特殊基坑工程为背景,采用FLAC3D软件,选用Mohr-Coulomb准则,对基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖,计算分析桩锚支护体系的变形、受力情况。结果表明,基坑在现有支护方案条件下进行延深开挖将导致护坡桩抗弯性能不足、支护结构水平位移过大、锚固体系失效等问题,要保证基坑延深开挖后的安全稳定,必须对护坡桩增设支点,增加支护力。根据设计变更要求及施工现场实际条件,对多种加固支护方案进行比选,最终选用对护坡桩增设锚索的方案进行延深基坑的预加固。采用数值方法模拟分析上述加固方案后的基坑延深开挖力学行为,预测基坑及支护结构的变形情况,并与现场监测数据进行对比分析。结果表明,基坑延深开挖预加固支护方案合理有效,表明该方法对于类似工程的设计优化及现场施工具有重要的参考意义。     

聚丙烯纤维复合土抗裂补强特性试验研究

将聚丙烯纤维按不同类型、不同组合、不同含量掺入土中的三轴压缩试验,研究了聚丙烯纤维复合土的应力-应变性状及对复合土强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,加固黏性土要选择分散性好的束状单丝聚丙烯纤维,而不是网状聚丙烯纤维,聚丙烯纤维按占土质量0.2%时为最佳掺入量,束状单丝聚丙烯纤维长度为6 mm+10 mm+15 mm+19 mm的4种组合较为理想,可使聚丙烯纤维复合土微结构联结强度得到明显改善,抗裂补强,黏性土抗剪强度得到极大的提高。     

海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡多级坡折带对油气圈闭的控制作用

坡折带对陆相湖盆岩性地层圈闭的发育具有控制作用。海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡具有坡折带地貌特点,研究其特征和成 因以及对沉积相和岩性地层圈闭的控制模式对该区的下步勘探具有重要意义。根据贝西斜坡坡折带的成因机制,将其划分 为断裂坡折、挠曲坡折、沉积坡折和侵蚀坡折。根据坡折带位置与洼槽区的关系,将贝西坡折带坡折分为：内坡折带、中 坡折带和外坡折带。外坡折带主要发育侵蚀坡折,控制着地层超覆圈闭带;中坡折带主要发育断裂坡折和挠曲坡折,控制 着断块-岩性复合圈闭带;内坡折带主要发育沉积坡折,控制着透镜状岩性圈闭带。     

真空预压在沿海软土地基加固中的应用

宁波安博（北仑）港物流中心拟在海滨软土地基上建造2幢1—2层厂房。根据场地条件和土层特性,其软基采用真空预压法加固处理。施工过程中注意质量控制点的把握,精心组织施工;同时认真有效地对施工过程中和施工后对各种原位测试数据进行系统采集研究分析,结果证明,本次真空预压加固达到地基处理目标的各项要求,取得了成功。     

旋喷桩在盾构法隧道端头井洞口土体加固工程中的应用

盾构法隧道在进行盾构机的始发或到达作业时,当既有端头井洞口挡土墙结构凿除后,保证该位置土体在盾构机刀盘贯入或脱离地层前一段时间内的稳定就成了盾构机始发或到达施工的关键。结合工程实例,从高压注浆原理、注浆参数和施工工艺等方面阐述了二重管旋喷桩在盾构法隧道端头井洞口土体加固工程中的应用。再者,针对旋喷桩加固以及与其相关的盾构始发或到达施工技术方面的一些问题也提出了一些建议和看法。     

Progressive failure mechanism in one-dimensional stability analysis of shallow slope failures

In many slopes, overstressed zones can develop where the shear stress is larger than the available shear strength. Along a shear surface within a soil exhibiting a strain-softening behavior, the shear displacement increases while the available shear strength decreases. The excess shear stress is transferred from the overstressed zone to the adjacent zones, providing more shear strength. This stress-transferring mechanism induces stress redistribution within the slope and could enlarge the overstress zone. A one-dimensional model that satisfies the strain compatibility and force equilibrium is proposed for the stability analysis of a slope of strain-softening behavior. This paper’s objective is to facilitate the application of this model to estimate stress distribution along the failure surface of a strain-softening slope and thereafter the stability status. The study presents a set of specific solutions to this model by describing and demonstrating procedures to identify the pattern of a stress state and to calculate stress distribution within a one-dimensional, strain-softening slope. The progressive failure mechanism is also investigated by using the proposed approach. As the magnitude of released stress gets large enough, it induces an overstressed zone adjacent to the initial unstable zone and progressive failure develops. The proposed approach is also applied to study the pattern of stress redistribution. It is found that the pattern of stress redistribution is affected by the magnitude of released stress. It is too complex to be reasonably expressed by simple models. Though some limitations exist, the proposed approach serves as a simple tool for a better understanding of the progressive failure mechanism.     

Test on application of distributed fiber optic sensing technique into soil slope monitoring

Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer (BOTDR), a newly developed distributed fiber optic sensing technique, has been proved to be a very suitable and useful technique for monitoring and early warning of structural engineering by laboratory tests and practical projects due to its unique functions, such as distributing, long distance, anti-electromagnetic interference, waterproof, etc. However, its application to geotechnical engineering, especially soil-slope engineering, has been less carried out due to the complexity of the characteristics of geotechnical materials in the field. In this paper, BOTDR technique is applied to monitor the deformation of a laboratory soil-slope model in small scale in order to test the feasibility and early-warning characteristics of this technique with monitoring the deformation of soil slope. Different types of optical fibers are planted directly in the soil-slope model or bonded to geotextiles and geogrids that are planted in the fillings of the test model. Strain measurements of the model slope under various loads are obtained by BOTDR. By data processing and analysis, the abnormal strains can be obtained distributively, and the position of the abnormal strains can be located as well. The results show much valuable information for applications of BOTDR technique into soil-slope engineering. The test proves that the BOTDR technique can be used to ensure the stability of artificial soil slope and is useful for monitoring and early warning of the artificial soil-slope engineering.     

Deep sea in situ excess pore pressure and sediment deformation off NW Sumatra and its relation with the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

The swath bathymetric data acquired during the “Sumatra Aftershocks” cruise from the Sunda trench in the Indian Ocean to the north of the Sumatra Island imaged several scars and deposits. In situ pore pressure measurements using the Ifremer piezometer and coring demonstrate that high excess pore pressure and sediment deformation was generated by a recent event in the scar of the slope failure zone identified by J.T. Henstock and co-authors. This excess pore pressure is localized in the upper sedimentary layers and is not related to an interplate subduction process. Numerical simulations of the hydrological system that take into account the hydro-mechanical properties of the upper sediment layer show that the excess pore pressure and sediment deformations could be generated at the time of the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake. The Sumatra Aftershocks team: J.-C. Sibuet, S. Singh, R. Apprioual, N.C. Aryanto, J. Begot, A. Cattaneo, A.P.S. Chauchan, R. Creach, J. Crozon, A. Domzig, N. Falleau, D. Graindorge, F. Harmegnies, Y. Haryadi, F. Klingelhoffer, S.K. Kolluru, J.-Y. Landuré, C. Le Lann, J. Malod, A. Normand, G. Oggian, C. Rangin, D. Restunin Galih, J.-L. Schneider, N. Sultan, M. Taufik, M. Umber and H. Yamaguchi.