改善钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的研究

简要介绍了改善钢筋混凝土短柱抗震性能的若干措施。为进一步提高短柱的抗震性能，本文提出了内藏“斜向劲性核心束”矩形截面混凝土短柱，并进行了7根短柱的抗震性能试验研究，试验表明，内藏“斜向劲性核心束”矩形截面混凝土短柱比普通矩形截面短柱的抗震性能显著提高。     

Experimental study on the effects of artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change

A series of experimental observations are presented in the current study to discuss the effects of artificial bed roughness on the turbidity current flowing in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in bed slope.For this purpose,two different types of elements,sinusoidal and trapezoidal,with various heights and arrangements are considered as artificial bed roughness.A Vectrino velocity meter was used to measure the velocity and sediment concentration profiles.The effects of inlet sediment concentration on front velocity,body velocity,unit discharge,sediment concentration,and suspended load transport rate also were investigated.Accurate equations were developed for estimation of the velocity of a turbidity current over smooth and rough beds.The unexpected experimental results showed that unlike the effect of roughness height,a change in the roughness arrangement has no significant influence on the velocity of a turbidity current.Also,the effect of bed roughness on the front velocity of a denser current is more significant.     

边坡稳定性优势面分析与专家系统推理策略

文章对边坡稳定性优势面分析与评价的专家系统及其推理策略和实现过程进行了阐述;并对在实现过程及实际应用中的技术问题进行了探讨。     

我国水电地下工程围岩分类系统支护方案探讨

在对我国水电地下工程围岩分类评价系统（ＳＤ系统）和Ｂａｒｔｏｎ的Ｑ系统的分析比较研究的基础上,针对水电工程,探讨了ＳＤ系统和Ｑ系统的相关关系,细化和发展了我国ＳＤ系统的支护设计方案,弥补了其支护类型偏少和简单的不足。     

Modelling of hillslope runoff processes

 The present study is aimed at modelling hillslope flows with emphasis on subsurface stormflows that involve macropores. The physical processes connected with the runoff process on a hillslope are identified. The components which are considered in modelling the hillslope flow are the nature of flows in the macropore and micropore domains, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the macropore network, the interaction between the domains, and the initiation of flow in the macropores. Both Horton and Dunne's variable source area generation mechanisms are explicitly incorporated in the model. The dominant physical processes governing hillslope runoff are conceptualized in terms of parameters which are derived from the physical properties of the soil, the nature of macropores, and hillslope geometry. The conceptualization of the model is then used to examine infiltration and runoff production. This helps to compute the development of the groundwater table, runoff hydrograph, and soil moisture profile. Received: 5 October 1996 · Accepted: 25 June 1997     

Regionalization of rainfall thresholds: an aid to landslide hazard evaluation

 Rainfall, soil properties, and morphology are major factors controlling shallow landsliding. A series of meteorological events that triggered soil slips in northern Italy were studied to define rainfall thresholds and to evaluate a possible regionalization. Soil properties, triggering rainfall, and local lithological and morphometrical settings of different sites were used as input to an infiltration model. The approach allows the recognition of several triggering conditions in the Piedmont, Pre-Alpine and Alpine regions. This suggests the need for different rainfall thresholds with respect to those derived with other methods. Intensity versus rainfall duration relationships become particularly important when related to soil permeability and thickness, and demonstrate the role of antecedent precipitation. Events with exceptional water discharge from obstructed road culverts reveal the role played by anthropic structures in triggering such phenomena. Different approaches to slope stability analysis are shown, taking into account bedrock lithology, topography, seepage, and local saturation conditions. Received: 23 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997     

坡面溅蚀发生过程及其与坡度关系的模拟研究

通过人工模拟降雨试验,分别观测降雨过程中不同方向上溅蚀强度的变化,根据各影响因子间相互消长及相互制约的关系特点,分析了雨滴溅蚀发生的过程特征及其变化原因,从溅蚀过程的变化特点及溅蚀强度的变化规律比较,定量地探讨了坡度对雨滴击溅侵蚀的影响作用,得出了溅蚀强度与坡度因子之间的关系方程。     

Shallow landslides in deeply weathered slates of the Sierra de Collcerola (Catalonian Coastal Range, Spain)

Stability conditions in an area located NW of Barcelona (Spain) are discussed. Here, several mass movements were observed, mainly affecting weathered Paleozoic slates. Many of these failures involved slopes cut along recent infrastructures: debris flows, wedge and plane failures, generally surficial, occurred more frequently. After a detailed geological and geomorphologic survey, geomechanic characterization was carried out, according to RMR and SMR classifications. This rating gave a prediction of slope behaviour, in fairly good agreement with the real observed one.

Stability numerical analysis was carried out for the main cut slopes, based upon the Limit Equilibrium Method. First of all, the deterministic factor of safety was computed using the mean values of parameters. After that, a simulation technique based upon the Monte Carlo Method was applied in order to obtain factor of safety distributions. The probability of failure was estimated as P(F<1).

Finally, results from deterministic and probabilistic approaches were compared. The effectiveness of different possible remedial measures was highlighted by means of a sensitivity analysis, which showed that the more important parameters in the study area are the geometrical ones (height, slope and failure plane angles). The final technical solutions adopted are briefly outlined.     

逆斜率法及其讨论

经对上海地区51根试桩资料分析表明,同实测值比较,计算值误差一般不超过30％,误差与未次加载的ΔSn/ΔPn比值似有一定的相关性,当比值大于2,误差一般不超过20％,同时对没有达到终至加载条件的试桩也可采用此法估算。     

位移时空综合分析法及其在边坡工程中的应用

以往对监测位移数据分析方法主要是位移-时间关系分析。但监测数据包含了大量对工程设计和施工都很有用的信息,其中不乏位移-空间方面的信息;另一方面,从工程设计和施工角度看,除需要位移-时间信息外,还需要位移-空间信息。位移时空综合分析法的提出旨在综合位移-时间和位移-空间等两方面的信息,为工程设计和施工服务。该方法依表现形式不同又分为竖线法和曲面法两种。本文将通过五强溪船闸边坡工程实例,来进一步说明位移时空综合分析法的原理及其应用。