河北洞子沟银铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

洞子沟银铜多金属矿床产于华北克拉通北缘长城系常州沟组地层中,受地层控制明显。通过对该矿床地质特征及矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征、矿物流体包裹体特征、硫氢氧同位素组成及U-Pb同位素年代研究表明:成矿物质来源于幔源;矿床形成于古元古代晚期华北克拉通吕梁运动后的伸展裂解过程中,在断陷盆地接受沉积的同时,有沿同生断裂上升的幔源热液、银铜金铅锌等成矿物质组分与常州沟组陆源碎屑一同沉积,形成洞子沟银铜多金属沉积层控型矿床。     

华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架

北地台寒武系属稳定的克拉通盆地陆表海沉积。其沉积层序表现为复合层序，主要受全球海平面变化和沉积物补给因素的控制。自下而上可划分为１７个正层序，归并为６个正层序组和２个中层序。大部分正层序的边界与生物地层单位一致，与岩石地层单位略有出入。每个正层序的平均时间延续约为３Ｍａ，含两个三叶虫化石带。根据层序地层的研究，可以建立华北寒武系层序地层年代格架，并提出各统和阶的界线参考年龄。     

Macrocrystal phlogopite Rb–Sr dates for the Ekati property kimberlites, Slave Province, Canada: evidence for multiple intrusive episodes in the Paleocene and Eocene

New Rb–Sr age determinations using macrocrystal phlogopite are presented for 27 kimberlites from the Ekati property of the Lac de Gras region, Slave Province, Canada. These new data show that kimberlite magmatism at Ekati ranges in age from at least Late Paleocene (61 Ma) to Middle Eocene time (45 Ma). Older, perovskite-bearing kimberlites from Ekati extend this age range to Late Cretaceous time (74 Ma). Within this age range, emplacement episodes at 48, 51–53, 55–56 and 59–61 Ma can be recognized. Middle Eocene kimberlite magmatism of the previously dated Mark kimberlite (47.5 Ma) is shown to include four other pipes from the east-central Ekati property. A single kimberlite (Aaron) may be younger than the 47.5 Ma Mark kimberlite. The economically important Panda kimberlite is precisely dated in this study to be 53.3±0.6 Ma using the phlogopite isochron method, and up to six additional kimberlites from the central Ekati property have Early Eocene ages indistinguishable from that of Panda, including the Koala and Koala North occurrences. Late Paleocene 55–56 Ma kimberlite magmatism, represented by the Diavik kimberlite pipes adjacent to the southeastern Ekati property, is shown to extend onto the southeastern Ekati property and includes three, and possibly four, kimberlites. A precise eight-point phlogopite isochron for the Cobra South kimberlite yields an emplacement age of 59.7±0.4 Ma; eight other kimberlites from across the Ekati property have similar Late Paleocene Rb–Sr model ages. The addition of 27 new emplacement ages for kimberlites from the Ekati property confirms that kimberlite magmatism from the central Slave Province is geologically young, despite ages ranging back to Cambrian time from elsewhere in the Slave Province. With the available geochronologic database, Lac de Gras kimberlites with the highest diamond potential are currently restricted to the 51–53 and 55–56 Ma periods of kimberlite magmatism.     

四川省大地构造单元划分及其基本特征

四川省大地构造演化研究已有百余年的历史,不同时期、不同学派在不同的尺度上提出了不同的大地构造单元划分方案,其中仍存在诸多争议。本文结合近30年来四川省特别是造山带地区开展的蛇绿岩和洋板块地层等调查和研究成果,以李廷栋所提出的洋板块地质学理念为指导思想,以区域主构造事件形成的优势大地构造相的时空结构组合和存在状态为基本原则,划分出秦-祁-昆造山系、勉县-略阳对接带、北羌塘-三江造山系以及扬子克拉通4个一级构造单元,包括11个二级构造单元和24个三级构造单元。     

华北克拉通北部内、外缘中生代流体成矿作用研究--以大井、蔡家营典型矿床为例

华北克拉通北部内、外缘中生代形成的有色金属矿种繁多 ,以外缘富 Sn、内缘富 Mo,Cu、Pb、 Zn遍布内、外缘为主要特色。通过内、外缘典型矿床的研究和综合对比 ,认为外缘的富 Sn是与富 Sn的基底有关 ,内缘的富 Mo是与结晶基底地层和岩浆热液关系密切。而内、外缘 Cu、 Pb、 Zn的成矿与中生代构造转折 ,造成大规模陆相火山活动和成矿流体的卸载密切相关     

Large-scale gold mineralization in eastern China induced by an Early Cretaceous clockwise change in Pacific plate motions

Orogenic gold (Au) deposits are the most important type, accounting for more than half of the world's proven Au reserves. They are mainly controlled by three key factors: (1) abundant andesitic rocks (SiO₂ of 55–60 wt.%) at depth, which have systematically higher Au contents than other rock types; (2) a pervasive transition from greenschist facies to amphibolite facies metamorphism within a short period, which releases S^2?-rich fluids that may scavenge Au from host rocks; and (3) deformation and fracturing under a compressive/transpressive tectonic regime. Orogenic belts at convergent margins are the best places for such mineralization because convergent margins are rich in andesites; the transition from greenschist to amphibolite facies recrystallization commonly occurs as a result of collision, compression, and thickening at convergent margins, forming large amounts of Au-rich fluids within a short period of time; and strong deformation and fracturing during orogenic processes provide channels for fluid transportation. Moreover, the overlying plate is injected and enriched by auriferous fluids released during amphibolite facies metamorphism of the subducting plate. The Pacific plate changed course by ～80° (from SW to NW) at approximately 125–122 Ma, reflecting an altered thermal structure and the elevation of the South Pacific plate attending the appearance of the plume head that formed the Ontong Java large igneous province. Consequently, the tectonic regime changed from extension to compressive/transpressive in eastern China, causing deformation, thickening, and metamorphism of the overriding plate, especially along weak crustal belts (e.g. overlying plates of palaeosutures), which resulted in world-class mineralization of orogenic Au deposits. During this process, pyrite changed to pyrrhotite during the transition from greenschist to amphibolite facies, releasing sulphur. Sulphur mobilized and scavenged Au and other chalcophile elements into metamorphic ore-forming fluids. A series of NE-trending compressive faults were formed at ?120 Ma as a result of continuous compression of the subducting Pacific plate, releasing these ore-forming fluids. Auriferous carbonate-rich quartz veins and/or metasomatized Au-bearing wall rocks were formed due to the decompression of the ascending ore-forming fluids. Orogenic belts along the margins of the North China craton and the Jiangnan block were the most favourable regions for mineralization. Compared with the former, the latter has much smaller proven Au reserves. However, more exploration is needed along the margins of the Jiangnan block. Promising targets include accessory faults and kink points of large, NE-trending Cretaceous faults that transect greenschist facies metamorphic rocks of the Niuwu and Jingtan Groups, etc.     

扬子克拉通北缘神农架群火山岩锆石Hf同位素特征

报道神农架群安山质熔结凝灰岩中锆石的Hf同位素数据,以此对其岩浆来源与岩石成因进行约束.结果显示,Nd-Hf同位素之间存在脱耦现象,虽然各样品之间显示出较为一致的元素地球化学和Nd同位素组成,但同一样品中具有高度变化的锆石εHf(t)值,对应锆石Hf同位素模式年龄为2587～1608 Ma,表明岩浆在形成和上升过程中可能受到了陆源碎屑物质组分的混染.该组分改变了岩浆结晶时部分锆石中的Hf同位素组成,然而未改变全岩地球化学及Nd同位素组成,可能表明锆石原位Hf同位素在反映岩浆形成和演化过程中对于碎屑沉积岩混染的识别比全岩Nd同位素具有更为灵敏的指示意义.结合该岩石的全岩地球化学特征,认为神农架安山质熔结凝灰岩来自深部幔源岩浆上涌引起的元古宙基性下地壳岩石部分熔融,且在上升过程中受到了俯冲碎屑沉积岩的混染.     

华北克拉通破坏与岩石圈减薄

古太古代（约4.0 Ga）时地球上可能只有一个超级大陆, 它的岩石圈厚度高达400 km。在早元古代,这个超级大陆减薄、裂解成十几块,每块中心是太古宙岩石,边缘是元古宙岩石,且各块厚度不等（150~350km）。从元古宙之后这些被称之为稳定克拉通的大陆岩石圈就一直漂游在地幔软流圈之上。中国华北地块就是这些克拉通之一,与众不同的是它在中生代时遭受了第二次破坏,岩石圈厚度从古生代时的180~200 km 减少到现今的80~100 km。本文作者从流变学的视角出发,围绕华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈减薄这一核心问题,从     

Tourmaline from the Archean G.R.Halli gold deposit,Chitradurga greenstone belt,Dharwar craton （India）： Implications for the gold metallogeny

Tourmaline occurs as a minor but important mineral in the alteration zc,ne of the Archean orogenic gold deposit of Guddadarangavanahalli （G.R.Halli） in the Chitradurga greenst~ne belt of the western Dharwar craton, southern India. It occurs in the distal alteration halo of the G.R.Halli golcl deposit as （a） clusters of very fine grained aggregates which form a minor constituent in the natrix of the altered metabasalt （AMB tourmaline） and （b） in quartz-carbonate veins （vein tourmaline）. ~[＇he vein tourmaline, based upon the association of specific carbonate minerals, is further grouped as （i） albite-tourmaline-ankerite-quartz veins （vein-1 tourmaline） and （ii） albite-tourmaline-calcite-quartz veins （vein-2 tourmaline）. Both the AMB tourmaline and the vein tourmalines （vein-I and vein-2） belong to the alkali group and are clas- sified under schorl-dravite series. Tourmalines occurring in the veins are zoned while the AMB tour- malines are unzoned. Mineral chemistry and discrimination diagrams 1eveal that cores and rims of the vein tourmalines are distinctly different. Core composition of the ve：n tourmalines is similar to the composition of the AMB tourmaline. The formation of the AMB tourmaline and cores of the vein tour- malines are proposed to be related to the regional D1 deformational event associated with the emplacement of the adjoining ca. 2.61 Ga Chitradurga granite whilst rims of the vein tourmalines vis-a- vis gold mineralization is spatially linked to the juvenile magmatic accretion （2.56-2.50 Ga） east of the studied area in the western part of the eastern Dharwar craton.