甘南毕家山铅锌矿床地质特征与成因

该矿床由两种类型矿化组成:(1)与所谓“微石英岩”密切共生的成层碎屑矿;(2)层状矿下伏石灰岩顶部的网脉矿。矿石硫化物在同位素组成上与围岩中的黄铁矿显然不同,其δ~(34)S值( 15至 18)表明可能是海水来源的,由海水硫酸离子在较高温度下无机还原而成。矿石中的碳酸盐矿物以较低的δ~(13)C和较高的δ~(18)O值不同于围岩石灰岩,前者表明可能有深成碳参加,后者表明成矿流体可能在较高温度下与硅酸盐岩石达到了同位素平衡。氧化硅的δ~(18)O值很重,落入海相燧石的变化范围。区域内没有火山活动的确切证据,以海水来源为主的成矿流体可能是沿分开不同地层小区的区域性断裂循环并被加热的。     

欧亚黄土沉积环境对比研究

本文对采自中国、法国、比利时等国43块黄土样品进行实验室处理后,分析对比了它们在碳酸盐含量、粒度组成、重矿物组成及粘土矿物成分方面的共同特性及差异性。结果表明,中国黄土碳酸盐含量稳定,西欧不同类型的黄土碳酸盐含量差别很大。在粒度组成上,欧亚黄土并没有本质的差别,但西欧不同层位的黄土粒度组成呈有规律变化。对西欧重矿物的分析可以追溯黄土的物质来源,粘土矿物含量在欧亚不同黄土中也有差别。比较结果说明,欧洲的黄土堆积受第四纪冰期、间冰期的气候波动影响较大,中国黄土在堆积期间始终处在干旱、半干旱的气候条件下。     

东川拖布卡金矿矿化层位与找金方向

超大型拖布卡金矿的发现,表明东川地区具备找金前景.“黑层”是金的成矿前提,断裂加蚀变是成矿必备条件,基性与中性岩脉在容矿层中的侵位,是找富金的重要标志.金成矿全过程应是多旋回（晋宁、华力西、燕山、喜马拉雅山）成矿作用,且受剪切破碎带控制的黑层型金矿.     

Geology and geochemistry of the Changba SEDEX Pb-Zn deposit,Qinling orogenic belt,China

The Changba Pb-Zn SEDEX deposit occurs in the Middle Devonian sequence of the Anjiaca Formation of the Western Qinling Hercynian Orogen in the Gansu Province, China. The Changba-II orebody is hosted in biotite quartz schist and is the largest of 143 stratiform orebodies that are hosted either in biotite quartz schist or marble. The Changba-II comprises two types of mineralization: a bedded facies and an underlying breccia lens. The bedded section exhibits three sulfide sub-facies zoned from bottom to top: 1) banded sphalerite intercalated with quartz albitite; 2) interbedded massive pyrite and sphalerite ore; and 3) banded sphalerite ore intercalated with banded baritite. Major metallic minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, galena, with minor arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, boulangerite, and rare chalcopyrite. The bedded sulfides are underlain by a lens of brecciated and albitized biotite-quartz schists cemented by sulfides and tourmaline.Massive and bedded sulfide ³⁴S values range from 8.1 to 29.3, whereas barite ³⁴S values range from 20.8 to 31.5. Disseminated pyrite in footwall schists has ³⁴S values ranging from 8.1 to 10.6, and increase to values ranging from 11.1 to 14.7 in the hangingwall. The lower ³⁴S values for massive and bedded sulfides are interpreted to be derived from progressive bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of Devonian seawater in a sulfate-restricted sub-basin. The higher ³⁴S values for massive and bedded sulfides could be a product of quantitative BSR but this is incompatible with barite being more abundant above the bedded sulfides. Instead, it is more likely that thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate or of evaporite was the source of heavy hydrothermal sulfur. Heavy hydrothermal sulfur was injected into a sulfate-restricted sub-basin where it mixed with low ³⁴S BSR sulfide to form the massive and bedded sulfides. The REE patterns of sulfide layers and associated quartz albitite and baritite are similar to those of the host biotite quartz schists, suggesting that the hydrothermal fluids leached REE from the underlying rocks. Pb isotope ratios in galena form an array between the Upper Crust and the Mantle reservoir curves, which indicates that the lead is derived from upper crustal rocks comprising mafic igneous units. The Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratio of 0.7101 for carbonate within the sulfide layers also suggests that Sr is derived from the mixing of Sr leached from upper crustal rocks with Middle Devonian seawater Sr. A Rb-Sr isochron age of 389.4 ± 6.4 Ma for sulfide layers and the interbedded hydrothermal sediments is consistent with the age of host Mid-Devonian strata. Ar³⁹/Ar⁴⁰ plateau age at 352.8 ± 3.5 Ma and Ar³⁹-Ar⁴⁰ isochron age of 346.6 ± 6.4 Ma for albite in the quartz albitite intercalated with sulfide layers indicate either albite formation after the sulfides or thermal resetting of the Rb-Sr system at about 350 Ma, the age of collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.Editorial handling: E. Frimmel     

香格里拉县红牛矽卡岩型铜矿

“三江成矿带”内的红牛铜矿,赋存于大理岩边部矽卡岩化蚀变带及角岩体中。赋矿地层为曲嘎寺组第二段。对矿石结构、构造及矿石矿物成分、共生伴生关系等进行研究,明确找矿标志。     

超大型会泽富锗铅锌矿复合成因

会泽富锗铅锌矿。是近年老矿山深部找矿取得重大突破的典范,而其成因则是当前研究、讨论的热点。笔者认为该矿之形成,既非“MVT型”,亦非“VMS型”,而是与深部隐伏燕山期酸性岩有关的中温岩浆热液叠加、改造、富化的复成因矿床。自加里东期起长期处于张裂环境。深部昭通．弥勒硅镁层隆起,既是幔源玄武岩（热地幔柱）上涌的前奏,又为深部矿源上升创造畅通空间。与多旋回活动的小江深断裂相沟通的NE向矩形断裂网,是导矿、输矿、储矿的有利构造。继火山热液成矿之后,伴随燕山期褶皱、断裂和深部酸性岩浆的上升,发生第二期叠加矿化．矿石中伴生与酸性岩有关的元素组合．并以与酸性岩有关的锗富集为特征。     

Misconceptions about the Hubble recession law

Almost all astronomers now believe that the Hubble recession law was directly inferred from astronomical observations. It turns out that this common belief is completely false. Those models advocating the idea of an expanding universe are ill-founded on observational grounds. This means that the Hubble recession law is really a working hypothesis. One alternative to the Hubble recession law is the tired-light hypothesis originally proposed by Zwicky (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 15:773, 1929). This hypothesis leads to a universe that is an eternal cosmos continually evolving without beginning or end. Such a universe exists in a dynamical state of virial equilibrium. Observational studies of the redshift-magnitude relation for Type Ia supernovae in distant galaxies might provide the best observational test for a tired-light cosmology. The present study shows that the model Hubble diagram for a tired-light cosmology gives good agreement with the supernovae data for redshifts in the range 0<z<2. This observational test of a static cosmology shows that the real universe is not necessarily undergoing expansion nor acceleration. An erratum to this article can be found at     

青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床地质特征及碳氢氧同位素地球化学研究

东莫扎抓铅锌矿床位于青藏高原羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铅锌铜银多金属成矿带中的典型代表,对该矿床地质特征和成因类型的研究有助于理解区域铅锌铜银多金属成矿规律,对区域找矿具有重要意义.笔者通过详细的矿区地质考察、系统的矿石光薄片显微镜下鉴定和矿石中方解石的碳、氢、氧同位素分析测试,概述了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的地质特征和成矿流体的碳、氢、氧同位素组成特征.东莫扎抓铅锌矿床矿体呈似层状展布,产状严格受到矿区逆冲断层的控制,赋矿围岩为上三叠统结扎群波里拉组灰岩和下一中二叠统开心岭群尕迪考组灰岩,发育强白云石化和弱硅化,矿物组合简单,主要为闪锌矿+方铅矿+黄铁矿+白云石+方解石+重晶石,矿石结构以皮壳状、草莓状等胶状结构和他形粒状结构为主,矿石构造为浸染状、角砾状、团块状和脉状.矿石中方解石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值、δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值分别为δD_(V-SMOW)值分别为-1.8‰～+3.3‰、+6.1‰～+24.6‰和-137‰～-53‰,计算得到成矿流体的δ~(18)O_(流体)值为-0.5‰～+13.8‰.研究结果表明,东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的成矿流体主要来自盆地封存热卤水和大气降水,金属物质可能由区域流体在长距离迁移过程中通过与碳酸盐岩地层相互作用,以及淋滤含矿地层底部的火山岩而得来,成矿过程中伴随着碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,可能存在有机质的参与.据此,笔者将东莫扎抓矿床归为发育在碰撞造山带中受逆冲推覆断裂构造控制的类MVT铅锌矿床,并初步建立了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的构造控矿模型.     

锡铁山片岩型铅锌矿床稀土元素成因标志

锡铁山(碳质)片岩型矿床具典型的"双层结构",笔者对层状矿体中硫化物、硅质岩及其围岩火山岩稀土元素分析表明,硫化物∑REE较低,在4.78×10-6～7.24×10-6之间,具明显负Eu异常,Ce异常总体不明显;硅质岩∑REE较高,在102.64×10-6～168.82×10-6之间,负Eu异常明显,Ce异常不明显;矿下中酸性火山岩的稀土元素总量普遍较高,负Eu异常明显,Ce异常不明显,矿上火山岩稀土元素组成变化较大,δEu值0.70～1.03(平均0.90),无明显Eu异常.分析认为,锡铁山(碳质)片岩型矿床是热水喷流-沉积作用的结果,成矿物质主要来自下伏火山岩及地壳深部.     

航空瞬变电磁法在阿奇山铅锌矿床的应用效果及找矿意义

正航空瞬变电磁法(简称航电)是近年来国际上普遍使用的一种多金属矿探测技术,该方法测量速度快、效率高、受地形影响小。随着我国矿产资源勘查难度的加大,新方法新技术的应用变得尤为重要。航空瞬变电磁法在黑龙江、内蒙、新疆等地试验性开展工作,获得较好找矿效果。新疆东天山成矿带是新疆最重要的成矿带地区之一,为了加快阿奇山-黑尖山一带多金属矿找矿步伐,该地区引入