美姑县乐约乡波阿莫超大型山体滑坡成因分析及防治对策

在野外调查的基础上 ,对滑坡的形成条件 ,诱发因素 ,分布特点 ,危害程度及发展趋势等内容进行了全面评价 ,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

成层非均匀地壳中应变能密度场时空分布的动态模拟研究.

通过对坚固体孕震模型应变能密度场动态变化的模拟研究,对地震孕育过程、初始破裂、始裂条件和破裂的传播方向等问题取得了进一步的认识．结果表明:孕震过程初期,软弱体部位应变能密度水平很高,但在孕震过程后期,其应变能密度增量水平变小,坚固体及其与直立断层交汇部位的应变能密度增量迅速变大,成为应变能密度增量最大的地方,从而使弹性模量比较大的坚固体与直立断层交汇处成为最先破裂发震的部位．破裂在直立断层端部的坚固体内沿着与断层成近于直交的方向传播,这样,理论上确定的破裂方向与实际计算的破裂方向得到了很好的统一．      

京郊门城镇地面塌陷危险性研究

采空地面塌陷是门城镇地区危害性最严重的地质灾害类型。根椐实地勘察资料 ,论述了地面塌陷的分布特征和形成条件 ;选取与塌陷密切相关的 1 1个因素 ,采用二级模糊综合评判法对地面塌陷的危险度进行了分区预测。     

On the form factor scale effect

Four geosim families, with fully available resistance test results, have been re-analyzed to check the possible scale effect on the form factor. The form factor determined by Prohaska's method, with exponent n=4 and ITTC'57 correlation line, increases with the model size in all four cases analyzed. Because of its high correlation coefficient, a linear variation of the form factor with the scale is assumed. It is possible to have a first estimation of the ship's form factor extrapolating for λ=1 in the regression line. Form factor Reynolds number dependency will always be associated with a friction line. Using the ITTC'57 correlation line, the following equation K_S−K_M=1.91·(λ−1)·10⁻³ can be used to estimate the scale effect on the form factor. Calculations carried out, for axisymetric bodies, with some CFD codes are in good agreement with the experimental findings.     

Economic development in tropical Africa from a geographical perspective: a comparative study of African economies

Tropical Africa is often seen to have problem economies that are very much alike and suffer from the same development problems. This view is questioned in exploratory analyses of levels of wealth, spatial productivity, the structure of the economy and aspects of the openness of economies and the way they have changed between 1965 and 1995. The analyses reveal differences between economies in both degree and kind. Change to economies was not unidirectional so that they became more disparate and differentiated. The exploratory analyses were extended using factor analysis as a diagnostic tool on a 19-variable by 25 country data set for 1985, 1990 and 1995. This confirmed the findings of the exploratory analyses and revealed changes in the structure of the factors reflecting development in the period. The results are discussed in the context of the literature in a search for explanation and policy formulation.     

南极洲伊利莎白公主地区气候特征分析

通过对1996/1997年中国首次南极内陆冰盖考察地区——南极洲伊利莎白公主地区近300 km断面上70余个雪坑的δ¹⁸O和积累率资料的分析,首次揭示了本地区气候变化特征。即无论是气温还是降水都从沿海向内陆递减,但两者的变化又有差异,具体表现在气温从沿海向内陆持续递减,降水先递增后递减,表现出很强的地段性。同时探讨了二者变化的影响因素和影响机制。     

松辽盆地南部深层致密砂岩气储层形成机制及成藏主控因素

为了加快松辽盆地南部(简称松南)深层致密砂岩气勘探开发进程,开展致密砂岩储层形成机制及成藏主控因素研究。通过对松南深层致密砂岩的分析,根据致密砂岩岩性组合特征将已发现的深层致密气类型划分为稳定厚层砂型、砂泥互层型、泥包砂型3种类型,储层物性普遍差,孔隙度多小于6%,渗透率主体<0.10×10^-3μm²,属于特低孔、特低渗储层。通过对松南典型致密储层矿物成分与微观特征的分析发现,致密砂岩有效储层形成主要受3个方面因素控制：一是早成岩期发育绿泥石包壳,有效抑制成岩中后期粒间钙质胶结、硅质胶结的发生,保护原生残余粒间孔隙;二是富火山岩岩屑溶蚀形成次生孔隙;三是生烃增压产生大量微裂缝,改善储层渗流特征。在此基础上总结出松南致密砂岩气成藏控制因素,即充足气源提供物质基础、斜坡古沟谷与断裂控砂、次生溶蚀与微裂缝控储、断裂活动与稳定盖层控富。     

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.     

西藏冈底斯尼木地区斑岩铜矿地质特征与找矿标志

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带属全球特提斯—喜马拉雅构造—成矿域东延部分,位于冈底斯火山—岩浆弧中东段,为国土资源大调查以来确认的最重要的成矿区带之一。尼木西北部地区为冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的重要组成部分,现已确认为冈底斯成矿带上最重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿化集中区之一。通过成矿地质背景、典型矿床地质特征、成矿控制因素的综合分析,对尼木地区斑岩铜矿的找矿标志进行了初步总结。     

因子分析法在矿井涌水来源判别中的应用

结合恒源煤矿六八采区实例,采用因子分析方法研究矿井涌水水源。取各充水含水层样品与采区涌水样品的主要离子含量指标为分析对象,经过系列处理得到正交因子载荷矩阵。用因子1和因子2分别代表太灰水和煤系砂岩水,在因子载荷坐标系中,六八采区涌水水样则分布在因子1和因子2之间,并同时具有很高的共同度,充分证明了六八采区涌水属于太灰水与煤系砂岩裂隙水之间的过渡类型。