徐州地区新元古界下部具臼齿构造碳酸盐岩事件成因探讨

徐州地区新元古界贾园组-赵圩组发育陆棚-缓坡-台地边缘的碳酸盐沉积,记录有广泛的风暴事件,并在其中发现 大量具“臼齿构造”碳酸盐岩。依据野外剖面系统观察与室内综合分析,将臼齿碳酸盐岩划分为原地型：条带状M1（平直 条带状M1-a、分叉条带状M1-b）、蠕虫状M2（短小蠕虫状M2-a及长条蠕虫状M2-b）、丝状M3、悬针状M4;异地型：碎屑 状M5等五种形态类型,主要发育于缓斜坡下部到潮坪环境。以水体深度及水动力条件下的七种代表性风暴序列为背景,将 臼齿碳酸盐岩的形态及分布与瞬时高能事件沉积做关联分析。研究发现,臼齿构造与风暴事件有密切联系,表征晴好天气 下的块状层中以M3为主,风暴期动荡水体序列层段以M1,M2为主,而在表征风暴高潮期序列层段以异地型的M4, M5为 主。风暴的强弱及水深变化控制了风暴序列的分布,进一步控制了臼齿构造的形态与规模。由此推断,臼齿构造形成是在 中-新元古代特殊的古大气古海洋背景下,在风暴周期的不同阶段,经历具有裂缝形成与微亮晶充填的紧密联系的过程。 风暴前期和风暴高潮期,风暴浪对臼齿构造的形成主要体现在造缝阶段,而风暴后期则主要为微亮晶的填充阶段。最终形 成广泛分布的具臼齿构造碳酸盐岩这一地质历史内特殊的事件型碳酸盐岩类型。     

Uncertainty in structural interpretation: Lessons to be learnt

Uncertainty in the interpretation of geological data is an inherent element of geology. Datasets from different sources: remotely sensed seismic imagery, field data and borehole data, are often combined and interpreted to create a geological model of the sub-surface. The data have limited resolution and spatial distribution that results in uncertainty in the interpretation of the data and in the subsequent geological model(s) created. Methods to determine the extent of interpretational uncertainty of a dataset, how to capture and express that uncertainty, and consideration of uncertainties in terms of risk have been investigated. Here I review the work that has taken place and discuss best practice in accounting for uncertainties in structural interpretation workflows. Barriers to best practice are reflected on, including the use of software packages for interpretation. Experimental evidence suggests that minimising interpretation error through the use of geological reasoning and rules can help decrease interpretation uncertainty; through identification of inadmissible interpretations and in highlighting areas of uncertainty. Understanding expert thought processes and reasoning, including the use of visuospatial skills, during interpretation may aid in the identification of uncertainties, and in the education of new geoscientists.     

溃变图的业务操作系统简介

按溃变理论［１］的不连续或非均匀信息不仅可以预测天气系统的移动性变化和转折性变化，也可以预测降水等天气现象。并已被多次历史例案和应用实践所验证。为了便于投入业务运用，我们利用数据库系统，实现了体现资料信息非均匀和不连续的广义参数在微机、填图机上的自动化处理，完成了收报、计算和填图分析的自动化。本方法体现了预报工具的改革也充分地利用了现有的资料资源     

Pixel‐scale evaluation of SSM/I sea‐ice algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up

Observed reduction in recent sea ice areal extent and thickness has focused attention on the fact that the Arctic marine system appears to be responding to global‐scale climate variability and change. Passive microwave remote‐sensing data are the primary source underpinning these reports, yet problems remain in geophysical inversion of information on ice type and concentration. Uncertainty in sea‐ice concentration (SIC) retrievals is highest in the summer and fall, when water occurs in liquid phase within the snow–sea‐ice system. Of particular scientific interest is the timing and rate of new ice formation due to the control that this form of sea ice has on mass, energy and gas fluxes across the ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere interface. In this paper we examine the critical fall freeze‐up period using in situ data from a ship‐based and aerial survey programme known as the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange study combined with microwave and optical Earth observations data. Results show that: (1) the overall physical conditions observed from aerial survey photography were well matched with coincident moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer data and Radarsat ScanSAR imagery; (2) the shortwave albedo was linearly related to old ice concentration derived from survey photography; (3) the three SSM/I SIC algorithms (NASA Team (NT), NASA Team 2 (NT2), and Bootstrap (BT)) showed considerable discrepancies in pixel‐scale comparison with the Radarsat ScanSAR SICs well calibrated by the aerial survey data. The major causes of the discrepancies are attributed to (1) the inherent inability to detect the new thin ice in the NT and BT algorithms, (2) mismatches of the thin‐ice tie point of the NT2 algorithm, and (3) sub‐pixel ambiguity between the thin ice and the mixture of open water and sea ice. These results suggest the need for finer resolution of passive microwave sensors, such as AMSR‐E, to improve the precision of the SSM/I SIC algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A compact model for the planar rhomboidal 4-body problem

We obtain a compact model for the global study of the planar rhomboidal 4-body problem in a level of constant negative energy. This model is a variation of the non compact model obtained through a McGehee blow up transformation. but compactness permits to obtain results which are not clear in the other case.     

单位圆内亚纯函数的不同指数的充满足圆

对任一正数λ和τ（τ在λ和l 1之间），可构造单位圆内一λ级亚纯函数，具有一个τ级充满圆序列，但没有大于τ级的充满圆序列。     

Observations of C2H6 and C2H2 in the stratosphere of Saturn

We have performed high-resolution spectral observations at mid-infrared wavelengths of C₂H₆ (12.16 μm), and C₂H₂ (13.45 μm) on Saturn. These emission features probe the stratosphere of the planet and provide information on the hydrocarbon photochemical processes taking place in that region of the atmosphere. The observations were performed using our cryogenic echelle spectrometer Celeste, in conjunction with the McMath-Pierce 1.5-m solar telescope in November and December 1994. We used Voyager IRIS CH₄ observations (7.67 μm) to derive a temperature profile on the saturnian atmosphere for the region of the stratosphere. This profile was then used in conjunction with height-dependent volume mixing ratios of each hydrocarbon to determine global abundances for ethane and acetylene. Our ground-based measurements indicate abundances of for C₂H₆ (1.0 mbar pressure level), and for C₂H₂ (1.6 mbar pressure level). We also derived new mixing ratios from the Voyager mid-latitude IRIS observations; 8.6±0.9×¹⁰⁻⁶ for C₂H₆ (0.1-3.0 mbar pressure level), and 1.6±0.2×¹⁰⁻⁷ for C₂H₂ (2.0 mbar pressure level).     

Synthesis, crystal structure and crystal chemistry of ferri-clinoholmquistite, ?Li 2Mg 3Fe 3+ 2Si 8O 22(OH) 2

This work reports the synthesis of ferri-clinoholmquistite, nominally _Li2(Mg₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂, at varying f_O2 conditions. Amphibole compositions were characterized by X-ray (powder and single-crystal) diffraction, microchemical (EMPA) and spectroscopic (FTIR, Mössbauer and Raman) techniques. Under reducing conditions ( NNO+1, where NNO = Nickel–Nickel oxide buffer), the amphibole yield is very high (>90%), but its composition, and in particular the FeO/Fe₂O₃ ratio, departs significantly from the nominal one. Under oxidizing conditions ( NNO+1.5), the amphibole yield is much lower (<60%, with Li-pyroxene abundant), but its composition is close to the ideal stoichiometry. The exchange vector of relevance for the studied system is ^M2(Mg,Fe²⁺) ^M4(Mg,Fe²⁺) ^M2Fe³⁺_–1 ^M4Li_–1, which is still rather unexplored in natural systems. Amphibole crystals of suitable size for structure refinement were obtained only at 800 °C, 0.4 GPa and NNO conditions (sample 152), and have C2/m symmetry. The X-ray powder patterns for all other samples were indexed in the same symmetry; the amphibole closest to ideal composition has a = 9.428(1) Å, b = 17.878(3) Å, c = 5.282(1) Å, = 102.06(2)°, V = 870.8(3) ų. Mössbauer spectra show that Fe³⁺ is strongly ordered at M2 in all samples, whereas Fe²⁺ is disordered over the B and C sites. FTIR analysis shows that the amount of ^CFe²⁺ increases for increasingly reducing conditions. FTIR data also provide strong evidence for slight but significant amounts of Li at the A sites.     

建筑结构抗震研究若干基本问题概述及讨论

本文介绍和讨论了结构抗震研究中的一些基本问题,包括地震反应分析选择地面运动输入应注意的问题,高层结构地震模拟试验问题和结构地震反应分析中的主要分析方法和存在的问题,最后简要介绍了目前常用结构反应分析程序。